Establishment of the Determination Methods of Total Anthraquinone Content in Different Processed Products of Rhubarb

[Objectives]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established for the determination of total content of anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb.[Methods]Emodin was used as the control substance,and its color was developed by magnesium acetate methanol solution with the concentration of 1%,the absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 516 nm,the content of total anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb was determined to compare the content differences.[Results]The regression equation was y=0.0452 x+0.0015,R 2=0.9991.Emodin had a good linear range in the concentration of 0.98-23.52μg/mL,with high accuracy,good repeatability and stable detection results.This method revealed the content changes of total anthraquinone in rhubarb before and after processing.[Conclusions]This method could be used as the quality control method of different processed products of rhubarb,and provided reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of rhubarb resources in the future.     

Anti-oxidative Activity of Flavonoids from Cherry Leaves in Vitro

[Objective] This study was undertaken to extract flavonoids from cherry leaves and to investigate the anti-oxidative activity in vitro. [Methods]The scavenging action on OH·and O-2·and its inhibiting effect on oxidative hemolysis of erythrocyte induced by H2O2and lipid peroxidation of hepatic tissue in mice were investigated in vitro. [Results] The flavonoids showed concentration-dependent scavenging effect on OH·and O-2·. The flavonoids also showed remarkable inhibiting effects on oxidative hemolysis of erythrocyte in mice induced by H2O2. When the final concentration of the flavonoids reached 30%,the inhibition rate was 74. 13%. It could inhibit lipid peroxidation of hepatic tissue in mice induced by vitamin C with low concentration and ferrous sulfate. And the inhibiting effect was concentration-dependent.When the final concentration of the flavonoids reached 30%,the inhibition rate was 68. 33%. [Conclusions]The total flavonoids from cherry leaf have concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vitro.     

Micro-Mechanism of Dynamic Compaction on Collapsible Loess

Collapsible loess was collected from a suburban district of Shanxi, China. Dynamic model experiments of different hammer blows were designed to simulate the in-situ test on collapsible loess. The model experiments results showed that the density and shear strength parameters of the soil specimens increased with the increase of blows while the collapsible coefficient of the loess decreased with the increase of blows. However, after eight blows, the vertical displacement, the density, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of the loess were tend to be constant, and the collapsible coefficient was less than 0.015 that means the loess is stable. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope was used and SEM image analysis program was established to study the micro-structure of the specimens. The analysis of results showed that small pores in the soil increased with the increase of the blows; before compaction the content of pores with an equivalent pore diameter under 16 μm was 92.6%, the content of pores with an equivalent pore diameter larger than 16 μm was 7.4% and the content of pores with an equivalent pore diameter less than 4 μm was 66.9%. After ten blows, there were nearly no pores with an equivalent pore diameter larger than 16 μm, while the content of the pores with an equivalent pore diameter less than 4 μm was 81.8%. According to quantitative analysis, the relations between the blows and the plane void ratio, and the equivalent pore diameter were established. Meanwhile, the relations between the collapsible coefficient and the plane void ratio, the equivalent pore diameter were established.     

Experimental Analysis on Time dependent Law of Surface Chloride Ion Concentration of Concrete

Immersion in sodium chloride solution was adopted to periodically test chloride ion concentration at the surface of concrete and regression analysis was completed.And time dependent law of surface chloride ion concentration of concrete with time was investigated.Influences of sodium chloride solution concentration, water to cement ratio and fly ash content on size and accumulation rate of surface chloride ion concentration were also analyzed.It is found that surface chloride ion concentration gradually grows with the of time increase the of time and reaches a steady state finally.With the increase of sodium chloride solution concentration, surface chloride ion concentration reaches the steady state more quickly and then increases numerically.Bigger water to cement ratio means quicker accumulation of surface chloride ion concentration and greater surface chloride ion concentration.Fly ash replacement could fasten accumulation of surface chloride ion concentration and surface chloride ion concentration increases with the increase of fly ash content.An improved model was proposed by comparison and correction of current models.     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Actinidia chinensis

It has been briefly studied and reported that Actinidia chinensis , one of economic woody plants, has been bred with the method of plant tissue culture. Aim at the shortage of traditional plant tissue culture ways which ignored the refinement and transplant of test-tube seedling, it strengthen the study to breeding and management of Actinidia chinensis seedlings before they grow up and become mature seedlings. Through our explore, the transplant survive rate of tissue-culture seedlings attain to about 85%.This study is the improvement to traditional breeding seedling means and it is helpful to the rapid propagation of those economic woody plants.     

Parametric Analysis of Compression Sensitivity for Steel Slag Mortar

The rule of preparation methods and environment factors which influence the compression sensitivity was the prerequisite of utilizing the smart properties of SSM. Experiment test was carried out for the analysis of some factors that influence the compression sensitivity, including the steel slag content, curing regime, age, water content and temperature. It was found that the compressive sensitivity of SSM increased with the increase of steel slag content, water curing time and water content. And at early age, the compressive sensitivity of SSM decreased with the increase of age and the compressive sensitivity of SSM gradually stabilized after 28d age. When the water content was between surface drying condition and air seasoning condition or the temperature was between 5 ℃ and 25℃, the compressive sensitivity of SSM kept stable. The dominant factors for the compression sensitivity were water content and temperature, followed with age, and the influence of curing regime could be neglected. The influence of environment factors on the compression sensitivity could be weaken with the increase of steel slag content and selecting the stress resistivity change rate curve based on water content and temperature of SSM.     

Study on CO2 removal by monoethanolamine/polyamine aqueous

Aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) is the mostly used absorbent for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel gas in the industry. Improving the performances of aqueous MEA is the key for the effective CO2 removal. The absorption, regeneration performances and corrosion properties of MEA and its four blends with polyamines (MEA/polyamines) at the same concentration are studied. The polyamines, including N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine (AEEA), piperazine (PZ), diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA), are considered. The results show that the absorption and regeneration capacity of four kind blends of MEA/polyamine are much better than that of MEA when the content of polyamines are low. The corrosion rate of MEA/polyamine is low than that of MEA. However, with the increase of polyamines content in blends, the regeneration rates of the blends decrease. It is concluded that MEA/polyamine with suitable polyamine content is a high efficiency absorption solvent comparing with MEA. Among the four blends of MEA/polyamine, the performance of MEA/DETA and MEA/TETA are the best.     

Experimental Analysis of Frost Susceptibilityfor Remolded Clayey Loess

A typical clayey loess obtained along the Shenyang Ha’erbin Express Railway was taken as a case study. The effect of non saturated water content, temperature, freezing rate, supplying water condition and freezing thawing circulation on the frost susceptibility of soil were investigated with freezing and thawing experiments. It was shown that in the closed system, the frost heaving ratio of unsaturated soil increased with water content increasing and eventually reached a stable value. And for the soil samples with low water content, the frozen heave rate increased with the decrease of temperature. While for the samples with relatively higher water content, the frozen heave rate decreased with the increase of temperature. As regards the open system, the frost heaving ratio increased with a growing gradient as the freezing rate decreased. Water feeding made the frost heave amount increase significantly, while less with the increase of water content. The frost heave deformation showed exponential decline trend with the increase the frequency of freezing and thawing for soil with low dry density, while exponential increase for the soil with high dry density.     

Research on Quality Standards of Roots of Stemona sessilifolia( Miq. ) Miq.

[Objective]In order to control the quality of roots of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Miq.,we established the standard of microscopic identification,thin-layer identification,moisture content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,extractum and content determination.[Methods]Transverse section and powder were used in microscopic identification.Thin-layer identification of alkaloids was performed by TLC.Moisture content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extractum were determined by methods described in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The content of protostemonine was measured by HPLC.Chromatography conditions.Phenomenex Gemini C6-phenyl.column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);mobile phase:mix of acetonitrile and 0.1%triethylamine(34∶66,V/V);detection wavelength 306 nm;column temperature:30℃;flow rate:1.0 mL/min.[Results]Microscopic features of transverse section and powder were accordant with those recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and documents.The number of phloem bundles and xylem bundles in stele differed.The chromatographic spot of thin-layer identification was very clear which indicated a good separation.Protostemonine displayed a good linear relation(R=0.999 8)when its concentration was6.257-156.42 mg/L.The average recovery rate reached 100.2%,(RSD 1.63%,n=6).[Conclusions]The method was simple to operate,accurate and had a good repeatability.It could be used to control the quality roots of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Miq.     

Key Parameters in Urban Form Layout for Weakening Urban Heat Island Intensity and Its Response Mechanism

The relationship between urban form layout and Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity response mechanism was quantified and the parameter curves was studied. Large-scale analysis and calculation software such as ArcGIS and MATLAB are used and extract Urban Form and inversed UHI, based on the seven times summer TM images of Tianjin between 1992 and 2013. The results show that: Firstly, the double indicators measure for the UHI intensity was proposed, that is, highest UHI temperature value and total UHI warming. Secondly, the UHI intensity increases with the expansion of urban form area; and in general, gross area of urban form is positively correlated with highest UHI temperature value and total UHI warming.Thirdly, dispersion of the urban form and contagion index are not apparently involved with highest UHI temperature, but correlated with total UHI warming.Fourthly, plague area has a positive relationship with UHI intensity; with a single plague over 50 km 2, highest UHI temperature value will grow rapidly by the linear along with the increase of plague and a quadric curve correlation between plague area and total UHI warming is obtained. Fifthly, there was a negative relationship between perimeter-to-area ratio of the plaque and UHI intensity and a S curve correlation between perimeter-to-area ratio of the plaque and highest UHI temperature value. When the ratio is between 0.005 to 0.04, a quadric curve correlation will be formed between perimeter-to-area ratio and highest UHI temperature value. Finally, urban form fractal dimension is positively relevant with UHI intensity and in a linear relationship with highest UHI temperature and a cubic curve relationship with Total UHI warming.     

Physiological Factors Limiting Grain Growth in Wheat Ears Cultured in Sucrose Solution

Detached wheat ears (15 days post-anthesis) were cultured in liquid nutrient medium containing different sucrose concentrations (2. 6 and 10%). The volume of solution taken up was highest from 2% sucrose solution and decreased with increasing sucrose concentration. Grain development in terms of grain weight, glumes and rachis weight, nitrogen and protein content showed a linear increase in these variables over 11 days. Dry weight per grain increased with the sucrose level in the medium and the reduced uptake of solution did not decrease the moisture percentage of the grain. The culture of ears decreased the solution pH more with 2% than with 10% sucrose. Addition of 0.5% chloramphenicol to the culture solution had no adverse effect on grain weight, rather it prevented contamination and maintained a higher pH of the solution.     

多胺及稀土对欧石楠诱导分化的影响

为探讨多胺(ployamines, PAs)及稀土元素(rare-earth elements)在植物组织培养应用中的理论基础和实践意义,以欧石楠继代瓶苗为外植体,采用组织培养的方法,研究不同浓度的多胺及硝酸铈和硝酸镧对其继代瓶苗诱导分化的作用。在基本培养基(1/2 WPM+ZT 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L)中添加1.0 mg/L的亚精胺(Spd),欧石楠的平均分化倍数、平均分化苗高及胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别达到3.89、3.11 cm、98.30%;在基本培养基中添加1.0 mg/L的硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3],欧石楠的平均分化倍数、平均分化苗高及胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为6.9、4.0 cm、98.70%;在基本培养基中添加0.5 mg/L的硝酸镧[La(NO3)3],欧石楠的平均分化倍数、平均分化苗高及愈伤组织诱导率分别为5.5、3.89 cm、100%,这3组试验,显著性方差分析及多重比较结果显示,该处理相对于其他处理均达到极显著水平。低浓度的多胺及稀土元素对欧石楠继代瓶苗的分化及生长具有促进作用,而高浓度则起抑制作用。     

锌胁迫对国槐幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨国槐(Sophora japonica)对重金属锌的耐受能力,以水培的3月龄国槐幼苗为试验对象,探讨不同浓度(1、50、200、350、500 μmol/L)锌处理对其生长发育、叶绿素荧光参数、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在锌胁迫下,国槐幼苗生长量指标呈现明显的“低促高抑”现象,同时,根系对锌胁迫较为敏感;不同浓度锌处理使叶绿素荧光参数变化显著,F₀和Φ_NPQ随锌浓度增加呈先减少后增加的趋势,而F_v/F_m、Φ_PSII及SPAD值则呈相反的变化趋势。在锌胁迫后7、14、21、28天,丙二醛含量随处理浓度增加呈先减少后增加趋势,同时随胁迫时间的增加而增加;抗氧化酶活性均随锌处理浓度的增加呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,当胁迫时间延长时,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性逐渐下降,过氧化物酶活性在处理21天达到峰值后开始下降。研究认为,国槐幼苗能够适应一定浓度的锌胁迫环境,在浓度不高于200 μmol/L的锌环境下有较强适应能力,在高于200 μmol/L的锌胁迫下会受到锌毒害。     

甜玉米不同采收期籽粒品质性状研究

为研究不同采收期甜玉米品质性状的变化,以7个国内生产主推甜玉米品种为研究材料,设置授粉后15、18、21、24、27、30天共计6个采收期,动态监测甜玉米籽粒含水率、果皮厚度和糖组分等指标。结果表明：（1）参试甜玉米品种的籽粒含水率在授粉后15~30天呈下降趋势,其籽粒含水率变幅为80.09%~68.76%。不同甜玉米品种间籽粒含水率的平均下降速率各异。‘京科甜608’、‘京科甜533’和‘中农大甜413’籽粒含水率下降速率相对缓慢。（2）参试甜玉米品种果皮厚度随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势,峰值出现在授粉后21天左右。不同品种间籽粒平均果皮厚度以‘京科甜608’和‘米哥’最低,为78.40 μm;‘中农大甜413’最高,为91.63 μm。（3）参试甜玉米品种籽粒中葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~30天呈降低趋势,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘京科甜608’葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~24天相对较高。蔗糖和山梨醇含量随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低趋势,在授粉后21~30天,蔗糖含量以‘京科甜158’和‘米哥’含量相对较高。籽粒发育初期（授粉后21天之前）,籽粒中以果糖和葡萄糖为主,之后蔗糖逐渐增加。不同品种间,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘中农大甜413’和‘京科甜608’籽粒中总糖含量均高于‘米哥’,其籽粒中糖组分主要以果糖和葡萄糖等还原性糖为主,而蔗糖含量相对较低。     

氯钾离子共体诱导后黄瓜叶片内几种物质含量变化

在黄瓜幼苗子叶期及第一真叶期用浓度为0.2%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%的氯钾离子共体液进行诱导处理,结果表明:诱导后可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照,且呈先升高后降低的趋势,15 d后各处理达到最大值;叶绿素含量也呈先升高后降低的趋势,诱导初期对照和各处理变化平缓,10 d后急剧升高,15 d达到最大值,各处理均高于对照;单宁含量诱导后即开始升高,15 d达到峰值,阿魏酸含量前期变化平缓,15 d后急剧升高,20 d后达到峰值,绿原酸含量诱导后急剧升高,5 d后即达到最大值;木质素的含量各处理均高于对照。在诱导物浓度为0.5%~1.5%的范围内,黄瓜叶片内各生理生化指标较对照差异最大。     

截干对银杏类黄酮代谢及其抗氧化性的影响

为了探究截干措施对银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)叶类黄酮代谢及其抗氧化特性影响,本研究通过对银杏嫁接苗进行截干处理,分析了截干处理对一个年生长周期内的银杏叶类黄酮代谢相关酶结构基因表达量、总黄酮醇苷含量及抗氧化活性的变化影响。结果表明,截干处理后,在一个年生长周期内银杏类黄酮代谢途径上、中游的酶基因表达量与对照相比均有提高,且与总黄酮醇苷含量呈正相关。银杏类黄酮代谢通路下游基因表达量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,截干处理后差异变化不明显;截干处理能提高银杏叶总黄酮醇苷含量,在芽后15 d时总黄酮醇苷含量最高,提高了14.36%,与对照差异显著;截干处理能增强银杏叶抗氧化性能,在芽后15 d时,总还原力及自由基清除率最强,差异显著。     

蔗糖浓度对金钻蔓绿绒(Philodendron'Con-go')试管苗形态建成及叶片气孔特征的影响

为了研究蔗糖对金钻蔓绿绒试管苗形态建成、生根及叶片气孔特征的影响,以金钻蔓绿绒组培瓶苗为试验材料,在不同蔗糖浓度下,探究试管苗形态指标、叶片气孔特征指数及生根情况。结果表明:在光照2400 lx,(26±2)℃温度下,20 d是金钻组培苗最佳的继代周期;在离体培养过程中,25~30 g/L的蔗糖作为碳源底物为组培苗提供能量,有利于金钻组培苗形态建成和形成良好的叶片气孔特征;20~25 g/L的蔗糖有利于试管苗生根,超出25 g/L的蔗糖,生长呈下降趋势。本研究为培育优质金钻组培苗提供一定的借鉴意义。     

脱落酸对葡萄幼苗镉积累的影响

为降低镉污染条件下葡萄对镉的积累,促进葡萄生长,采用盆栽试验研究镉污染(5 mg/kg)条件下喷施脱落酸对葡萄幼苗生长及镉积累的影响。结果表明,葡萄幼苗各部位的生物量和叶片的光合色素含量均随着脱落酸浓度的增加(0、1、5、10、20 μmol/L)而先降低后增加。随着脱落酸浓度的增加,葡萄幼苗叶片的POD及CAT活性和土壤pH呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而SOD活性随着脱落酸浓度的增加而增加。另外,喷施脱落酸能使葡萄幼苗各部位镉含量显著低于对照,并随着脱落酸浓度的增加而减少,脱落酸浓度为20 μmol/L时,葡萄幼苗的根系和地上部分分别较对照降低了36.54%和74.36%。综上,喷施脱落酸能够降低葡萄对镉的吸收,以20 μmol/L脱落酸浓度最佳。     

Improved plant regeneration and in vitro somatic embryogenesis of St Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze]

St Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is an important warm season turf and pasture grass. In vitro tissue culture of St Augustinegrass could serve as an important mean for its improvement through genetic transformation as well as induced somaclonal variation. To optimize tissue culture conditions for plant regeneration of St Augustinegrass, tissue culture responses of 11 explant tissues and four callus induction/subculture media have been examined. Embryogenic calli with regeneration potential were observed on cultures of early immature embryo [3 days after pollination (DAP)], immature embryo (7–14 DAP), and shoot base of young seedlings. The addition of benzyladenine (BA) in the callus induction/subculture medium enhances callus regeneration ability and does not harm callus induction for immature embryos. The best response came from 7 to 14 DAP immature embryo on MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l BA. The callus induction and regeneration rates were 97.7% and 47.6% respectively. However, BA supplement reduced callus formation and failed to enhance regeneration for young leaf bases. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that plant regeneration of St Augustinegrass is via somatic embryogenesis.     

NaCl胁迫对锦灯笼种子萌发和幼苗生理特征的影响

以锦灯笼种子为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度升高,锦灯笼种子的发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率降低,相对伤害率升高,同时萌发所需时间延长。幼苗株高与NaCl浓度成反比,且在幼苗生长初期影响不明显,快速生长阶段影响显著。与对照组比,随着NaCl浓度升高,幼苗丙二醛含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,在20 mmol·L-1时最低,120 mmol·L-1时最高;可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl时达到最高;POD活性呈先升后降趋势,在80 mmol·L-1 NaCl时为最大值。NaCl会影响锦灯笼种子萌发和幼苗生长,但锦灯笼具有一定的抗盐性,可以在低于20 mmol·L-1的盐环境下正常生长。