山西中部菜田土壤养分调查分析

在山西省中部菜田土壤调查取样分析结果表明,土壤普遍存在碱解氮和速效磷的累积,速效钾、速效硼有减少的趋势,老菜田表现较为明显。祁县地区有机质、碱解氮含量偏低。依据土壤养分含量的丰缺状况：阳泉市、榆次、清徐、太原小店区菜田土壤碱解氮达到高含量水平的占30%以上,达到中含量水平的占50%,祁县地区碱解氮有73%的为极低含量水平。阳泉市、榆次土壤速效磷达到高含量水平的占80%以上。山西省中部菜田施肥技术应该控制氮、磷、增施钾肥和补施硼肥,大量施用秸杆类有机肥。     

A RESEARCH ON THE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN AND BUILDINGS'' AIRCONDITIONING ENERGY SAVING

Taking part in the formulation of "the Standard for Chinese Hotel Air-Conditioning Energy Consumption," the authors study the thermal characteristics and carry out dynamic simulation of annual air-conditioning(heating) energy consumption of six well-known hotels located in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhon. This paper particularly analyses how the architectural design and the thermal characteristics (including building orientation, building plane, wal lstructure, window area and structure) effect air-conditioning load and air-conditioning energy consumption. Some views and suggestions on methods of architectural design are put forward, which aim to reduce energy costs, capital costs, and space requirement.     

GENERAL EXPESSIONS OF COMPUTER OF BASIC PROBLEMS UNDER CONDITIONAL OBSERVTTION OF ADJUSTMENT

This paper presents the general expressions of computer which include(1) calculation of the coefficient of normal equations;(2) calculation of the reduced coefficient;(3) calculation of[PVV];(4) calculation of the cor-relate;(5) calculation of the weight reciprocal(1/P_F)of the function of adju-sted value.Each calculation contains corresponding program of calculation.As a program block,it may be quoted at any time in the course of surveying computation.     

高低空急流耦合对内蒙古东部持续性暴雨的触发作用

为了研究内蒙古东部地区暴雨特征,防范暴雨引发的洪涝灾害对农业产生的影响,利用NCEP/ NCAR再分析资料、常规观测资料,对2011年7月24日—28日内蒙古东部地区持续4天暴雨天气过程进行分析和总结。结果表明：（1）此次暴雨天气过程是在鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压坝阻挡华北低槽东移形成的稳定大尺度环流背景下,伴随副热带西风锋区高低空急流耦合作用共同产生的;（2）200 hPa高空急流与850 hPa偏南低空急流的长时间维持和稳定配置产生的耦合作用,为内蒙古东部地区持续暴雨天气的形成提供了有利的动力和热力条件,触发了暴雨天气。     

Experimental Study on the Deformation Characteristics of Fine-Sandstone Under the Loading and Unloading Conditions

The deformation characteristics of the fine-sandstone is studied under the loading and unloading conditions at the three different deformation-rates and the two different stress-levels. The experimental results show that there is really the plastic-loop in the deformation curve for the loading deformation curve is different from the unloading deformation curve. But the plastic-loop is nearly unchangeable since the second circulate loading. The residual-deformation is be almost zero since the second circulate loading, and that the slope of the deformation curve increases as the deformation-rate increases, and that the residual-deformation increases as the stress-levels increases.     

中国农业生产用能区域差异的时空分析

为了从时空结合角度全面反映中国农业生产用能的空间演化特征及其形成机理,笔者根据各省单位耕地面积农业生产能源消费,利用全局空间自相关指数、局部空间自相关指数,分析了中国农业生产能源消费的空间分布格局,建立了空间回归模型以分析其影响因素。研究结果表明,中国农业生产能源消费水平在不断提高,但省际之间的绝对差异和相对差异在不断扩大;农业生产用能水平存在空间正相关,体现为能源消费高值区集聚和低值区的集聚;冷点区主要集中在中西部的广大地区,热点区主要集中在东南沿海尤其是长三角地区,温点区则集中在东中西的交界地带;农业从业人数、农业机械总动力、农业总产值和农业固定资产投资,是引起农业生产能源消费空间分异的主要原因,但各因素的影响程度不同。此外,空间自相关性也是影响农业生产用能空间分异的重要因子。     

民勤绿洲退耕地土壤养分分布特征研究

为了更加科学合理地管理和利用植被资源,以石羊河下游的典型区——民勤县退耕地为研究对象,通过对石羊河下游地区退耕地植被恢复过程中不同恢复年限土壤养分变化分布特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）土壤中N肥含量退耕年限的增加呈波动式上升的趋势,但在同一年限退耕地中随土层的加深而逐渐减小,退耕后1~10年,群落中大多为1年生草本植物和宿根植物,其根系较浅,土层N含量变化的幅度较小;15~30年,1年生草本逐渐被多年生草本和灌木所代替,植物根系深度达到20~40 cm N含量变化的幅度相对较大;50年后,趋于稳定。（2）P含量在各演替阶段土壤层次上均呈A>B>C>D规律性分布的特点,退耕后1~10年,A、B 2层P含量的差异较大,C、D 2层受退耕时间的影响较小;退耕15~50年后,A、B、C、D 4个土层P含量变化的幅度相对较小。（3）在不同年限退耕地土壤各层次中,K的含量表现出和P同样的规律性,即A>B>C>D的总体规律,退耕后1~30年间,C、D层K的含量随着退耕年限增加而波动式减小,而A、B层规律性不明显;退耕50年后,K的含量趋于稳定。     

永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究

为了采取指数和法和极限条件法对陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性进行评价。以GIS软件为平台,利用河南省永城市土壤图、地形图、土地利用现状图进行空间叠加分析最终确定4个评价单元。依据研究区的自然、经济、社会现状和相关技术标准,确定了宜农、宜林、宜渔3个复垦方向的评价指标,然后采用指数和法和极限条件法对矿区复垦土地进行适宜性评价。结果表明：评价总面积为73.7 hm2,其中适宜农业种植用地面积为25 hm2,适宜林业种植用地面积为20 hm2,适宜渔业养殖用地面积为28.7 hm2。通过评价研究建立矿区土地复垦适宜性评价等级体系。     

The Research on the Capacity Mechanism of City Space Expanding and Its Ecological Model

In the period of the city space expanding with the high speed, the theories system used to explain the city space is not perfect in our country. It is lack to expand this mechanism, among them research ecosystem' s main factors to particularly should be enhanced, especially the ecological factor. With rational analysis, the paper puts forward the viewpoint that the urban space is in ecological changing period, and considers that the power affecting the urban space expand involves motivity and resistance. Building the corresponding ecological model helps to cognize the city development roundly with ecological model constructed. A few possible ways is put forward which can be used in planning innovation, and have vivid leading function to the frondose city planning method.     

南雄烟区主栽烤烟品种成熟期丙二醛含量变化规律研究

通过对南雄烟区不同烤烟品种成熟过程中活体、离体烟叶丙二醛含量及其变化规律分析,揭示不同烤烟品种烟叶的成熟度与丙二醛含量及其变化的规律相关性差异。结果表明:(1)大田状态下,上部烟叶,‘K326’丙二醛含量随时间呈"S"型变化,‘粤烟97’、‘粤烟98’丙二醛含量随时间呈类指数型变化,采收时MDA含量分别为21.35、18.75、20.59μmol/g;中部叶,3个烤烟品种均呈类指数型变化,采收时烟叶MDA含量为19.74、12.55、12.98μmol/g。(2)离体状态下,上部烟叶,‘K326’丙二醛含量随时间呈类指数型变化,‘粤烟97’和‘粤烟98’呈"S"型变化;中部烟叶,3个烤烟品种均呈"S"型变化。(3)离体烟叶MDA含量在短时间内达到大田状态下成熟采收时的含量水平,而离体后上、中部烟叶MDA含量均呈现"S"型变化趋势,当达到采收值时正好处于离体烟叶"S"型变化趋势的拐点,即离体烟叶MDA含量变化到达拐点之前与大田状态下MDA含量的变化趋势一致。研究表明不同烤烟品种在烤烟成熟过程中丙二醛含量及其变化规律可以指示其成熟度。     

The Role of Government in Housebreaking

There is a conflict of the interests among the housebreaking householder, the developer and the government. In this paper, the different interests among the three sides are analyzed based on the city housebreaking management ordinance. It is suggested that taking intervention measures by the government to restrict the behavior of the developer and guarantee the interests of the weak parties to find a way out from the conflict.     

The existence of limit cycles of some non-linear differential equations

The existence of limit cycles for the nonlinear oscillation equation is discussed, in which some hypothesis is omitted. The results of theorem 1 generalized the corresponding results for\.     

THE COMPREHENSIVE HYDRAULIC TESTING SET WITH A LOAD SENSING SYSTEM

This paper introduces the comprehensive hydraulic testing set for many kinds of hydraulic elements with hydraulic drive, hydraulic regulation and hydraulic loading. It has rational structure compact arrangement, reliable characteristics and advanced technique. In order to reduce the energy loss in the hydraulic system of the testing set, 1 ad sensing control is used. The static and dynamic characteristics of the load sensing system are analysed with the method of numeral simulation on computer. the testing witk load sensing control results show energy may be saved obviously and the heat load in hydraulic system may be reduced effectively, then testing quality is improved and the volume cf oil case is lessened. The lead sensing valve design is satisfied with simplifying structure so that it may be used reliably for the fixed flow hydraulic system of the testing set or other machines.     

利用都匀毛尖品牌优势、全面推行机械化生产、加快毛尖茶产业化新发展

都匀毛尖品牌好，在我省具有一定的品牌优势，但由于种种原因，使这一好品牌茶叶还滞留在传统的手工艺上．虽然产品上了档次，但质量和批量，仍存在不少缺陷，本文根据这些不利因素进行了详细分析，并提出了都匀毛尖机械化生产的模式与理论。     

环县55年气温降水变化趋势及对干旱影响分析

为了应对气候变化,探讨环县干旱发展规律,达到趋利避害,合理开发利用气候资源的目的。利用甘肃省环县1957—2012年的55年气温、降水资料,用最小二乘法计算了1957年以来的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和平均降水量、降水日数的气候倾向率,结果表明：环县20世纪80年代中期以后气候变暖已成事实,气温变化趋势与同期中国气温变化趋势基本一致,增温率为0.385℃/10 a,平均最高温度增温率高达0.597℃/10 a,显著高于全国增温率,通过YAMAMOTO、累积距平等方法检验1987年是气候突变点,1987—2012年与1957—1986年相比,平均温度增加了1.2℃,冬季增加了1.3℃;环县年降水量有减少的趋势,倾向率为-14.013 mm/10 a,其中春、夏、秋季降水量都呈减少趋势,秋季减少最显著;气候变暖,降水减少后大旱、大涝的极端气候事件明显增多,1987年气候变暖后大旱的概率增加5%,大涝概率增加3%。     

关苍术生长发育规律的研究

为研究不同生长年限关苍术的生长发育规律,确定关苍术种子萌发所需的水分和温度,田间观察叶、茎、花、种子的生长发育情况。结果表明,关苍术种子足墒及15℃时易萌发;2年生关苍术的株高增长小高峰和叶片功能盛期比3年生提前10天左右;关苍术在6月下旬—7月上旬期间开始现蕾,现蕾后41.5~44.7天开花,单花序开放需4.2~6.5天,日开花高峰期为6:00—8:00,种子成熟需61.8~62.8天;关苍术地上部和地下部生长交替的时间,即地上/地下干物质比最高时期为8月17日—9月7日。     

基于多重滤波的高分辨率影像中线性特征提取

在高分辨率遥感影像中,线性特征提取一直是个难题,难主要表现在线性地物的边缘信息和噪音是一对矛盾体,边缘信息越明显,噪音就越强。本文利用高通滤波和统计滤波器,构建一个多重滤波,对IKONOS影像进行处理,通过三种不同高通滤波窗口对IKONOS影像处理结果的比对,得到一个较好的高通滤波处理窗口,处理后的IKONOS影像边界特征突出、区域模糊程度减小,目标地物大致轮廓已经区分出来,在此基础上对影像进行统计滤波处理,噪音明显减少,灰度分布更加集中和平滑,对高通滤波和统计滤波处理后的图像进行边缘检测,经过统计滤波后的图像较只进行高通滤波后的图像检测结果较好。实验结果表明：滤波后的影像噪音明显降低,信噪比明显提高,统计滤波后的影像,能够提高检测精度,表明了从高分辨率卫星影像上自动提取矢量信息的可行性,并为边缘检测的细化与跟踪处理提供了可靠的数据来源。     

Analysis of the Range of Effective Bargain

This paper should analyses the problem of bargain from the view of the price range. The factors which influences the whole profit in many periods and how to make a successful bargain with a opponent are proposed. But it should be pointed out that the actual factors are different when different people decide. On the other hand, acquiring the information need cost, so this conclusion should be consider carefully.     

盒装活性蜂王台浆生产技术

盒装活性蜂王台浆生产技术,是利用生物特性制造出适合蜜蜂生产的活动台浆壳及台浆条,在生产中,使整条王台内王浆一致,上口高度和色泽相同(每台王浆质量都要达到0.5g的标准),要注意王浆状态不被破坏,保持蜂王台浆的天然状态,使它的新鲜度和活性物质保存得更好,起到其应有的保健功效。蜂群管理技术要适应生产蜂王台浆所具备的条件。