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1.
Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F1, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method. 相似文献
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Anther culture of recalcitrant indica × Basmati rice hybrids 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
U. Bishnoi R.K. Jain J.S. Rohilla V.K. Chowdhury K.R. Gupta J.B. Chowdhury 《Euphytica》2000,114(2):93-101
Fertile, green, di-haploid plants were obtained at high frequencies from several indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids and/or F2 plant populations using an improved anther culture procedure. Anthers from cold-pretreated (10 °C for 10 d) panicles of six indica (HKR120, HKR86-3, HKR86-217, PR106, Gobind andCH2 double dwarf) and two Basmati rice (Basmati
370,Taraori Basmati) varieties and 14 heterotic indica ×Basmati F1/F2 hybrids were cultured in modified agarose-solidified N6M, Heh5M and RZM media. Best callus induction frequencies (2.6–78%)
were obtained in RZM medium containing 4% (w/v) maltose,2,4-D, NAA and kinetin. F2 plants compared to F1 hybrids and parental rice varieties, were more responsive to anther culture. Androgenesis frequencies of 31–78% were obtained
for indica × Basmati F2 plants in RZM medium in just 30 d which are comparable to or higher than that reported for japonica rice varieties and hybrids
involving japonica rice parent(s). Agarose (1.0% w/v)-solidified MS medium containing 3.0% maltose, kinetin, BAP, and NAA,
induced green shoot regeneration in 0–51% of the anther-derived callide pending upon the genotype. High plant regeneration
frequencies (67–337 green plants per 1000 anthers)were obtained from anther calli of several F1hybrids (Gobind × Basmati 370 and HKR120 ×Taraori Basmati) and F2 plants (Gobind × Basmati370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati, HKR86-3 × TaraoriBasmati). A sample of 498 plants obtained from the
above hybrids, were transferred to pots with>90% survival; 8–78% of these plants had >5%spikelet fertility and were diploid.
In addition,18% of the haploid plants could be diploidized by submerging in 0.1% colchicine solution for 16–18 h. The improved
anther culture procedure reported here, resulted in several fold increase in the recovery of green plants from recalcitrant
indica × Basmati rice hybrids compared to previous published procedures. The study may accelerate the introgression of desirable
genes from indica into Basmati rice using anther culture as a breeding tool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
广亲和粳稻恢复系选育方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
广亲和粳稻恢复系的选育除采用WA型恢复与广亲和粳稻杂交选育和不同广亲和恢复系间杂交选育外,本研究提出以粳稻为父本杂交选育的4种办法:1、以型杂交稻F1为母本转育同质广亲和恢复系;2、以WA型下育系为母本筛选同质广亲和恢复系;3、以WA型广亲和不育系为母本,筛选同质广亲和恢复系;4、以同质广亲和恢复系为母本转育新的恢复系。用上述方法已育成02428等广亲和恢复系,并可同时恢复WA型和BT型胞质不育系 相似文献
4.
Yang Zhuping 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):93-99
The fertility segregations of F1, F2, BCF1 descended from crosses between PSGMR and japonica varieties, and F1's anther cultured homozygous diploid pollen plant populations (H2) were studied to reveal the genetic mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility in PSGMR under natural daylight
length at Shanghai. Rate of bagged seed-setting was used as an indicator of fertility. Fifteen F1 showed complete fertility similar to their parents. The ratio of completely sterile plants to fertile plants in fifteen F2 and four BCF1 was 1:15 and 1:3, respectively. The ratio of completely sterile to fertile diploid pollen plants in nine diploid populations
(H2) was 1:3. These results demonstrated that the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility in PSGMR was governed by two pairs
of independent major recessive genes. There were no significant fertility segregations in hybrids F1 and selfed F2 between Nongken 58S and its derivatives 7001S, 5088S, 5047S and M105-9S, indicating that the photoperiod sensitive genic
male-sterile genes in Nongken 58S were allelic to those in its derivatives. Several photoperiod sensitive genic male-sterile
diploid pollen lines were bred from anther cultured homozygous diploid populations (H2) in about a three-year period. Most of these diploid lines showed significant fertility transformation and stable complete
sterility from 5 August to 5 September, excellent agronomic traits and high resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Masahiko Ichii De Lin Hong Yoshinori Ohara Chang Ming Zhao Shin Taketa 《Euphytica》2003,129(2):249-252
Total DNA from WA type CMS lines: Zhenshan 97 A, Longtepu A and theirmaintainers Zhenshan 97 B, Longtepu B wasextracted by CTAB method. One hundredprimers were used for screening RAPDmarkers to distinguish CMS line (A) andmaintainer (B) plants at seedling stage.Results showed that under the conditions of37 °C annealing temperature and1.5 mM MgCl2 concentration, in Zhenshan97 A, Longtepu A there was a 1600 bp DNAfragment in product amplified by primerOPA12, while in Zhenshan 97 B, and LongtepuB no 1600 bp fragment was found. The 1600 bpfragment was also found in DA type CMS lineXieqingzao A, but was absent in XieqingzaoB. Also in the restorer line, Minghui 63the 1600 bp fragment was absent. In F1and F2 generation of Zhenshan97A/Minghui 63, all plants investigated hadthe 1600 bp fragment. When mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) was isolated from the three CMS (A)and their B lines and amplified by OPA12,results showed that the 1600 fragment wasfound in all the three A lines and wasabsent in the three B lines. In DA typeXieqingzao A, two other fragments (700 bp,1000 bp) were also found except the 1600 bp.These results indicate that the 1600 bpfragment derived from CMS mitochondrial DNAcan be used as a RAPD marker to distinguishA and B plants at seedling stage, and thefragments (700 bp, 1000 bp) can be used todistinguish WA and DA cytoplasms. 相似文献
9.
四种细胞质六千辛A粳稻不育系育种利用特性的比较研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对由粳稻品系六千辛转育成的4种细胞质的一套同核异质不育系的不育性、开花习性、异交特性及可恢复性进行了鉴定。结果表明:(1)包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(CL)型六千辛A花粉以染败为主,WA型六千辛A花粉100%典败;BT型六千辛A平均自交结实率为0.60%,生产应用的安全性较差;HL型、CL型六千辛A无自交结实现象,不育性较BT型六千辛A稳定。(2)不育系的花粉败育程度影响倒一节间长度,花粉败育越彻底,倒一节间越短,从而使穗伸出度和株高相应缩短;因此,WA型六千辛A表现包颈,而BT型、HL型、CL型六千辛A均无包颈。(3)WA型六千辛A开花不集中,花时明显滞后,花期明显拉长,异交结实率低;HL型、CL型六千辛A的开花习性及异交结实率与BT型六千辛A无显著差异,明显好于WA型六千辛A。(4)BT型六千辛A的可恢复性最好,HL型、CL型六千辛A次之,WA型六千辛A最难恢复;从BT型粳稻恢复系中可以筛选到HL型或CL型粳稻不育系的恢复系。HL型、CL型粳稻不育系较好地协调了育性稳定性、开花习性和可恢复性几方面的矛盾。因此,选育HL型、CL型粳稻不育系及其相应的恢复系,可能是解决目前生产上杂交粳稻BT型不育系育性不够稳定及细胞质单一问题的突破口。 相似文献
10.
Enhanced anther culture efficiency of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) through modification of the culture media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The production of microspore-derived green plants from anther culture of indica rice is generally very low compared with japonica cultivars. A modified anther culture medium, consisting of a higher KNO3 content (31 mm ) and casein hydrolysate (CH, 500 mg/1) but without ammonium salts, was tested in comparison with a medium consisting of the widely-used N6 medium nitrogen background, using four indica × indica F1 hybrids as test materials. Green plant regeneration frequency was at least three-fold higher in the microspore-calli derived from the former medium than in those derived from the modified N6 medium. More than 700 microspore-derived plants were raised in the field. Another study was carried out using indica × japonica and indica × javanica F1 hybrids. The results indicated that a medium with higher (3.5 mm ) ammonium sulphate may induce a higher frequency of anthers with microspore-calli but not necessarily lead to a larger number of green-plant regenerating calli. Subsequently, using the indica cv. ‘IR-43’ as the test material, use of a lower level (1.75 mm ) of (NH4)2SO4, in addition to KNO3 (31 mm ), was found to be better than CH (500 mg/l) for anther-response as well as green plant regenerability of the derived microspore-calli. Nitrate-nitrogen or ammonium-nitrogen alone elicited poor response. Twenty-five media involving combinations of KNO3 (20–34 mm ) and (NH4)2SO4 (1–3 mm ) were tested for their effects on anther response. Combinations involving KNO3 (31–34 mM) and (NH4)2SO4 (2.0–2.5 mm ) were found superior not only for achieving greater anther response but also, for subsequent green-plant regeneration. This contrasts with the 28 mm of KNO3 and 3.5 mm of (NH4)2SO4 in the widely-used N6 medium developed for japonica rice. Other than potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate, and potassium phosphate to some extent, the levels of other inorganic salts tested did not make any significant difference to the process of anther response. Based on these results, modified media with three levels of ammonium sulphate were tested for anther culture efficiency of indica × japonica and indica × javanica derivatives (F3s). Microspore-calli derived from a medium of a lower (1.75 mm ) level of (NH4)2SO4 showed a higher regeneration potential overall than those derived from a higher (3.5 mm ) level. A revised medium has been suggested, on the basis of these results, for the realization of improved anther culture efficiency and, consequently, improved feasibility of using doubled haploids in genetic and breeding research with indica rice. 相似文献
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一个新的水稻花粉半不育性位点的定位分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用一套以籼稻珍汕97B为背景的粳稻日本晴染色体片段代换系,鉴定发现1个半不育的代换系。全基因组基因型分析表明,该代换系仅含3个粳稻导入片段,而其他遗传背景与珍汕97B相同。在湖北武汉和海南分别种植其衍生的F2和F3分离群体,采用单标记分析和区间作图法分析花粉育性和小穗育性的数量性状位点(QTL),结果表明,该代换系的半不育性是第2染色体上的粳稻导入片段引起的,该片段RM262~RM475区间存在1个新的影响花粉育性的QTL,其贡献率为13.9%。研究结果将为进一步精细定位水稻育性QTL以及鉴定相关功能基因提供重要的试验基础。 相似文献
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The effect of phenylacetic acid (PAA) on rice (Oryza saliva L.) anther culture was investigated with six genotypes, using 2,4-D as control. In the two-step culture protocol, replacing 2, 4-D with PAA in the induction medium did not influence callus induction but significantly improved the shoot differentiation from callus, particularly in the indica cultivar Teqing. The anther-derived calli of all genotypes regenerated shoots directly on the callus induction medium containing PAA. Most of the directly-regenerated plantlets had well-developed root systems and were therefore readily transplanted into soil. The improved shoot differentiation potential and the frequency of direct regeneration depended on genotype, basal medium and PAA concentration. The one-step green shoot regeneration frequencies obtained were 1.98% with the indica cultivar ‘129’, 1.5% with the indica × japonica hybrid ‘Teqing/02428’ (F1), and 1.98% with the indica × indica hybrid ‘Waiyin 2/C.B.’ (F1). The PAA-based one-step method was most effective on the anther culture of indica genotypes. Three DH populations have been constructed from hybrids (F1) via one-step culture. PAA also enhanced the one-step plantlet formation in rice somatic tissue culture. 相似文献
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粳稻品种4502与广亲和品种间杂种F1不育性的遗传分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用9个籼、粳稻品种,7个广亲和品种,配制单交F1、回交及三交组合,研究了粳稻品种4502与广亲和品种间F1不育性的遗传。根据与品种4502杂交F1的亲和性,可将参试的广亲和品种分为两组,I组是4502亲和的品种,如Dular和02428;Ⅱ组是与4502不亲和的品种,如热研1号、Moroberekan和CPSLO17。回交和三交组合的育性分离表明,4502和Ⅱ组广亲和品种间杂种F1花粉不育性受单 相似文献
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Summary Nine japonica × indica F1 hybrids of rice involving 6 indica and 3 japonica tropical varieties, were large scale anther cultured. The frequency of callusing anthers averaged 18.7%. The microspore-derived calli produced green plants with a mean frequency of 8.7%. Albino plants represented 61% of the shoot forming calli. Monitoring of the green and albino plant regenerating capabilities of calli arising between week 4 and week 8 of incubation of the anthers showed no increase of the albino/green ratio and a slow decrease of the shoot forming ability of the transferred calli after the sixth week of culture. Spontaneous doubled haploids (SDH) represented 46% of the regenerated green plants in 4 hybrids. However, a high frequency of partially sterile regenerants was noticed among 132 SDH plants generated from a hybrid. 相似文献
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籼粳交加倍单倍体后代性状遗传的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对一个典型的籼/粳组合、窄叶青8号/京系17的F1花药进行培养,所获二倍体花粉植株除约20%自然结实率为0外,其余植株的结实率在1%至正常结实之间,65%株系在75%以上,并稳定地传至自交后代。对130多个加倍单倍体(DH)多种性状的遗传进行了研究与分析,结果表明,花药培养可以克服籼/粳后代包括育性在内的各种性状长期分离不易 相似文献
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Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. III. Ability of winter wheat F1 populations with the two heterozygous 1AL–IAS/1AL–IRS and 1BL–1BS/1BL–IRS chromosome pairs Application of anther culture to four F1 hybrids between the IBL–IRS (‘Amigo’) and several 1BL–IRS wheat-rye translocation forms yielded 129 green pollen plants in an average embryo induction frequency of 17.6 %. A total of 2632 anthers was inoculated. 25 % and 42 % of the regenerated plants were haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid, and 33 % had abnormal chromosomal structure. After chromosome doubling treatment 87% of all pollen plants set seeds. By means of multiple peroxidases and Giemsa C-banding patterns, the anther culture progeny could be further classified into 16 plants without the short arm of IR-chromosome of rye, 21 IAL–IRS and 50 1BL–IRS translocation lines and into 16 IAL–IRS, IBL–IRS double translocation lines according to the four possible characteristic types of F2 gametes of the tested F1 hybrids. Advantages of the haploid technique for the selection of desirable traits and the meaning of the IRS genes in wheat are discussed. 相似文献
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A new dominant earliness character of CMS line Zaoxian A and its application value in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary A distant cross between a maintainer Zhenshan 97B and an early maturing F2 palnt of O. longistaminata x O. rufipogon was made in 1985, and a new CMS line Zaoxian A was bred in 1989 through continuous backcross of new maintainer plants derived from the distant cross to the leading CMS line Zhenshan 97A. Several experiments were carried out in Sichuan during 1990–1992, to analyze the inheritance of earliness of Zaoxian A and its application value to hybrid rice production. The results showed that Zaoxian A was as early-maturing as Zhenshan 97A, the earliness of Zaoxian A was incompletely dominant to the lateness of restorer lines, and was different from the earliness of Zhenshan 97A which was suppressed by the lateness of restorer lines. The F1 hybrids between Zaoxian A and late maturing restorers combined the early maturity and high yielding capacity, and significantly outyielded the provincial and national checks with same or longer growth duration, because the larger genetic distance between early and late maturing ecotypes remained unchanged and the new earliness could express in F1 generation. Therefore, the new dominant earliness character of Zaoxian A could enhance the regional and seasonal adaptability of rice. It is also valuable to hybrid rice production and the formation of new cropping systems with high yielding capacity and high economical profit. 相似文献
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The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was
studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds.
The F1 plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS
systems showed similar pollen and spikelet fertility values, indicating that similar biological processes govern fertility
restoration in these three CMS systems. The results from an inheritance study showed that the pollen fertility restoration
in all three CMS systems was governed by two independent and dominant genes with classical duplicate gene action. Three F2 populations, generated from the crosses between the parents of good-performing rice hybrids, that possess WA, Dissi, and
Gambiaca CMS cytoplasm, were used to map the Rf genes. For the WA-CMS system, Rf3 was located at a distance of 2.8 cM from RM490 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 was located at 1.6 cM from RM1108 on chromosome 10. For the Dissi-CMS system, Rf3 was located on chromosome 1 at 1.9 cM from RM7466 and Rf4 on chromosome 10 was located at 2.3 cM from RM6100. The effect of Rf3 on pollen fertility appeared to be stronger than the effect of Rf4. In the Gambiaca-CMS system, only one major locus was mapped on chromosome 1 at 2.1 cM from RM576. These studies have led
to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selecting putative restorer lines, new approaches to alloplasmic
line breeding, and the transfer of Rf genes into adapted cultivars through a backcrossing program in an active hybrid rice breeding program. 相似文献
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In recent years, cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the maintainer lines, and their 144 F1 hybrids. Shoot fly‐resistant CMS lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding maintainer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly‐resistant CMS × resistant restorer lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly‐resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F1 hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F1 hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F1 hybrids. 相似文献