黑龙江省超级稻茎秆性状的研究

本研究以黑龙江省的3个超级稻品种及分别的普通对照品种为材料,进行了茎秆各性状的研究。主要结论如下：超级稻品种的倒1节间长度和粗度均显著高于的对照品种,而倒2节间和倒3节间均短于对照品种;黑龙江省超级稻品种的穗颈、倒1节间和倒2节间大维管束数均分别高于其同熟期的普通对照;相关分析表明,倒1节间长度、粗度、倒2节间粗、倒3节间粗与穗颈和各节间大小维管束均呈正相关的关系。     

Analysis of Statistical Interactions in Factorial Experiments

Two or higher‐order factorial designs are very common in agricultural and horticultural experiments. The evaluation of such trials by analysis of variance (anova ) and the corresponding F‐tests for the interaction effects covers only a global decision concerning the presence of interactions. This study presents a straightforward method, which provides a more detailed analysis of interactions via multiple contrast tests. The presented approach takes both the structure of each factor and the research question into account by building user‐defined product‐type contrasts. Simultaneous inference for these user‐specified interaction contrasts that controls the overall error rate is available. In addition to adjusted P‐values, it is recommended to use simultaneous confidence intervals to present the magnitude, direction and the biological relevance of the interaction effects. The proposed method is demonstrated using two horticultural trials. Furthermore, the authors provide a collection of worked examples using the R (A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, 2013, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) add‐on package statint stored on github ( https://github.com/AKitsche/statint ).     

Effects of Foliar Application of Elicitors on Red Clover Isoflavone Content

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) contains high concentrations of isoflavones, compounds that have received much interest lately due to their presumed benefits for human health. In this experiment we tested the possibility to induce isoflavone production in the foliage of two greenhouse‐grown red clover cultivars (‘Azur’ and ‘Start’) through the application of elicitor compounds. Foliar applications of different concentrations of acetic acid (50, 100, 250 and 500 mm ), yeast extract (1, 2, 3 and 4 g l^?1), and chitosan (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg l^?1) were carried out on plants at the late vegetative stage, which were harvested 2 or 8 days after spraying. Concentrations of genistein, daidzein, formononetin and biochanin A were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The two cultivars differed in isoflavone concentrations, ‘Azur’ having on average 36 % higher biochanin A, formononetin and total isoflavone concentrations than ‘Start’ (P < 0.05). A cultivar × sampling date interaction (P < 0.1) reflected a 20 % increase over time in total isoflavone concentration with ‘Azur’, which was not observed with ‘Start’. Effects of elicitors were limited, contrasts indicating overall, 12, 14 and 15 % greater total isoflavone concentration in yeast extract (P < 0.1), chitosan (P < 0.05) and acetic acid (P < 0.05)‐treated plants, respectively, than in untreated control plants. There were few differences between the various elicitors and none between concentrations of each elicitor.     

基于突变级数法的长汀水土保持综合效益评价

采用突变级数法,从生态效益、经济效益及社会效益3 个方面构建11 项指标,对长汀县（1999—2011 年）水土保持治理综合效益进行了定量评估和动态趋势分析。研究结果表明：1999 年后长汀县水土保持治理综合效益显著,各项效益值随时间呈上升趋势,单效益突变隶属函数值服从生态效益＞经济效益＞社会效益,效益增幅随时间呈降低趋势,2008 年后发展平稳,生态经济社会效益趋向协调发展态势;研究结果与实际相吻合,说明运用突变级数法评价长汀水土保持综合效益,客观合理、科学可行,该方法可为其他区域的水土保持效益评价提供新思路。     

国土整治整村推进项目综合效益评价——以重庆市忠县天子村为例

为了测度国土整治整村推进项目的实施效益,指导后续项目的开展,以重庆市忠县天子村为例,选取经济、社会和景观生态效益等24个指标,运用模糊综合评价法建立评价模型,对项目实施后的综合效益进行评价。结果表明:按照最大隶属原则,天子村国土整治整村推进项目综合效益评价结果为"较好",其隶属度为0.3626;经济效益评价结果为"较好",其对应隶属度为0.3903;社会效益评价结果为"好",其对应隶属度为0.3420;景观生态效益评价结果为"较好",其对应隶属度为0.3370。项目实施的社会效益显著,综合效益较好,但应该重视土地整理中经济效益、社会效益和景观生态效益之间的协调。     

转CpTI基因对棉花主要病害及早衰的影响

 2006-2007年,采用4个转CpTI基因棉花材料及其受体研究了转CpTI基因对棉花苗病、黄萎病、后期叶斑病及早衰的影响。结果表明：3个转CpTI基因材料苗病死苗率均低于其对应的受体材料。在6月底和7月初黄萎病的发生初期,转基因材料黄萎病发生较受体材料轻,7月中旬到8月底9月初,不同品种以及同一品种的不同生育期之间差异较大,转基因材料C连续两年病指极显著低于对照受体材料。与非转基因材料相比,转CpTI基因材料叶斑病的发生显著加重,早衰发生也加重。     

钢铁工业区不同园林绿地配置模式生态效益评价 ——以韶钢为例

为探讨如何使钢铁企业里有限的绿地系统发挥最大的生态效益,对韶钢不同配置模式园林绿地的生态效益进行了评价。分别选取了韶钢3个不同污染程度厂区中5种典型园林绿地配置模式进行降温、增湿、减噪及消纳总悬浮颗粒物4个方面的生态效益调查。结果表明：园林绿地的生态效益与其植被的配置模式直接相关,整个厂区不同配置模式园林绿地的综合效益依次为：乔木＋灌木＋草地〉乔木＋灌木〉单乔〉乔木＋草地〉灌木＋草地,乔木在生态效益中发挥着主导作用,复层绿地模式具有明显的优势,复层优于单层,乔木、灌木优于草地。针对上述结果,为进一步提高韶钢园林绿地生态效益提出了相应的建议。     

DTOPSIS法在亚麻新品种评价中的应用初探

为了更加准确地、有效地对亚麻新品种进行综合评价,此文以2004~2005年度云南省亚麻区域试验汇总资料为分析材料,应用DTOPSIS法对区试的10个亚麻新品种的各性状进行了综合评价,同时与传统单纯产量评价进行对比,结果表明：采用DTOPSIS法综合评价 值排序结果比单纯产量排序结果有所不同,但DTOPSIS法分析更为合理,它在全面评价亚麻品种的综合性状方面具有更好的应用价值。此外,该文还对DTOPSIS法在亚麻品种进行综合评价中有关问题进行了讨论。     

Aesthetic Evaluation and Application of Ornamental Plant Landscape

This paper employed the scenic beauty evaluation(SBE)method to study the relationship between the aesthetic preference of the public and the effect of ornamental plant groups.The results showed that color contrast,plant density,morphological diversity,and species diversity significantly affected the planting effect of ornamental plants.According to the aesthetic preference of the public reflected by scenic beauty model,strong contrasts in plant color,varied plant forms,suitable planting density,and appropriate arrangement of plants effectively improved the ornamental effect of plant groups.     

山羊补饲与草畜平衡及其系统经济效益分析

为了探究不同放牧处理下山羊补饲、草畜平衡、畜牧业生产经营效益的变化规律,测定了不同牧压下山羊补饲精料、配比组成与成本和山羊体重变化,并对放牧系统经济效益进行核算。经过补饲后,高、低载畜率组羔羊日增重分别为153.8、140.2 g,两组差异显著(P＜0.05);高载畜率组大多数情况下过牧严重,而低载畜率组又放牧不足,造成草地资源的浪费;高、低载畜率组经济效益分别为113315、64590元,两组毛利、羊的效益分别为2060、1845元;经过补饲后,两组经济效益已存在较大差距,应重视补饲的作用。     

川西高原马铃薯/玉米/大白菜套作研究

试验对川西高原半高山地区马铃薯/玉米/大白菜套作、马铃薯-玉米套作、小麦-玉米套作3种套作模式的产量和经济效益进行比较分析.结果表明：实行马铃薯-玉米-大白菜套作种植总产量、总产值、净收益均极显著高于其它两种套作模式.     

基于TOPSIS原理的石灰岩山地不同树种景观与生态效益分析

为解决石灰岩山地荒山绿化遴选景观与生态效益优良的树种问题,以鲁中南山地典型石灰岩山地的9种10年生树种为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内相结合的方法,从树种的季相变化、观赏价值、树形、植物种类、绿视率、郁闭度、通透距离、冠幅、植株高度9个方面研究景观效益,从枯落物总蓄积量、土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、增加的贮水量、渗透速率、减蚀量、有机质、碳汇量8个方面研究生态效益。基于TOPSIS原理,对不同树种之间的景观与生态效益进行综合评定,筛选出适合石灰岩山地栽种的优良树种。研究表明,9种树种中,五角枫的景观与生态效益最好,刺槐和黄连木次之。该研究有助于提升石灰岩山地森林质量,更好地发挥森林的多功能效益。     

基于三维绿量的城市绿地生态效益评价综述

绿量是定量化研究城市绿地生态效益的重要指标,它更加准确的反映了植物的冠层结构,并且大大增强了城市绿地建设的科学性和可靠性,为合理配置园林植物、改善绿量结构以及城市绿地规划提供重要依据。因此,三维绿量的研究意义重大。通过对近年来绿量及城市生态效益的研究进展做了阐述,并针对中国今后量化生态效益产生的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。最后指出完善三维绿量的测算方法、构建城市绿地生态效益评价模型是未来量化生态效益的研究重点。     

城市边缘区土地利用效益评价研究——以北京市大兴区为例

为了衡量城市边缘区土地利用效益,揭示土地利用问题,优化配置土地资源,以北京市大兴区为例,从经济效益、社会效益、生态效益3个角度构建城市边缘区土地利用效益评价指标体系,利用协调度模型,定量评价土地利用效益,动态分析土地利用效益变化情况。结果表明,当前大兴区土地利用效益协调度较高,整体呈上升趋势,其中土地利用经济效益增长最快,其次是社会效益和生态效益。由于土地利用效益受社会、经济、生态环境等多重因素影响,必须通过政策引导,实施内部挖潜,集约用地促使土地利用效益进一步提升,实现土地资源高效、可持续利用。采用功效系数和协调度模型,能有效揭示城市边缘区土地利用效益整体情况及变化趋势,有利于土地资源集约利用。     

陕北和关中退耕还林工程综合效益评价

综合评估退耕还林效益是工程持续推进的重要依据。基于陕北黄土高原地区和关中平原2000-2015年退耕还林现状,应用层次分析法和加乘综合法,从生态效益、社会经济效益和政策响应三方面定量分析陕北和关中退耕还林综合效益。陕北和关中的退耕还林综合效益走势基本一致,呈现稳定上升态势,从2008年开始效益值为正,2000—2005年效益值连年上升,2006年略微下降,之后效益增长显著。最大值出现在2012年分别为0.2669和0.2008。退耕成果逐渐显现,开始享受退耕带来的益处。     

基于DEA的土地整理项目投入产出效率评价——以山东省若干国家投资土地整理项目为例

为了对土地整理项目的投入产出效率作出定量评价,并为推进土地整理项目的科学实施提供参考。对土地整理项目的投入产出要素进行分析计算,然后采用DEA方法对项目相对效率作出评价。结果表明：各项目相对效率值有9个为1,只有河口区为0.81。说明山东省土地整理项目总体而言具有较好的综合效益和合理的投入产出,但是河口区的土地整理项目投入结构相对不合理,表现为土地平整、农田水利、田间道路、生态防护四项投入存在冗余,且社会效益未达最大化。为促使土地整理项目取得良好效益,应在实施过程中制定科学的规划方案,合理安排各项投入,并重视对项目社会效益的投入。     

不同灌溉方式对大棚黄瓜生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响

以黄瓜中农16为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量、水分生产效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,膜上沟灌、膜下沟灌和灌水带处理能够促进植株生长、提高产量和水分生产效率。其中膜下沟灌处理的产量、水分生产效率和经济效益最高,产量提高10.1%,处理间差异显著;水分生产效率提高6.5kg/m3,经济效益增加6291元/hm²。因此,膜下沟灌是春茬黄瓜大棚栽培适宜的灌溉方式。     

山区庄园式开发模式研究——以河北省元氏县为例

本文对河北省元氏县山区庄园式开发模式进行了论述,该模式通过山区“四荒”(荒山、荒坡、荒沟、荒滩)地使用权的拍卖调动了群众治理荒山的积极性,将“庄”与“园”相结合,对山区进行综合性、立体化治理,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的协调发展,是实现山区农民脱贫致富的有效途径。     

Influence of Light Sources Color on Tunnel Lighting

Five color temperature LEDs were compared to traditional light sources (HPS and MH) under three lighting levels and negative contrasts to study the effect of light sources color on tunnel lighting. Through the experiment of reaction times, the relation between light sources color and reaction times, and the relation between light sources color and pupil size were studied, respectively. The experiment result shows that visual performance and cirtopic with high color temperature LED are the most significant under high lighting level. The visual performance and cirtopic with middle color temperature LED are the most significant under mesopic lighting level. It is shown that comprehensive influence of light sources color on visual performance and cirtopic must be considered for choosing appropriate light sources in different sections of tunnel lighting.     

Birth without raising: Impact of labor migration on the medical benefits for migrant children in China

The relationship between labor migration and the medical benefits of migrant children (MC) has long been a focus of empirical research. Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the migrant population in Hubei Province by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China in 2014 and the characteristic data of prefecture-level cities, this paper studies the impact of labor migration on the medical benefits of MC. The major findings of this paper are that in China, due to the huge spatial differences in medical services, the migration of labor to urban areas with better public services helps to improve the medical benefits of women during pregnancy and lying-in period, and at the same time significantly enhances the medical benefits of the MC. In contrast, due to the relative lag of the reform in social security system such as household registration and medical care, in the long run, labor migration is not conducive to the improvement of the medical benefits of MC. Based on the above findings, this paper suggests that in the short-term, more public resources should be allocated to the urban medical supply, especially at the primary level, and in the long-term, the adjustment of public policies should be aimed at eliminating urban-rural differences.