共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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棉花杂种优势的利用(四)江苏省农业科学院南京农业大学承泓良陆作楣4棉花杂种优势的利用前景农作物杂种优势利用是大幅度提高产量的重要途径之一,但至今国内外棉花杂种优势的利用并不如玉米、水稻、高粱等作物那样普遍。在世界主要植棉国家中,只有印度种植的杂种棉面... 相似文献
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棉花杂种优势的利用(一)江苏省农业科学院南京农业大学承泓良陆作楣1棉花杂种优势的表现及其利用1.1杂种优势及其度量两个遗传性不同的亲本产生的杂种一代,在个别性状或综合性状上优于其亲本的现象称之为杂种优势。杂种优势是一种普遍的生物学现象。我国北魏“齐民... 相似文献
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棉花杂种优势的利用(三)江苏省农业科学院南京农业大学承泓良陆作楣3棉花杂种优势利用中标志性状的应用棉花标志性状是因基因突变而产生的异于正常性状的突变体。如棉花正常叶色为绿色,由于基因突变而产生黄色叶片的棉株,就是一种叶色突变体,称为芽黄。在杂交制种中... 相似文献
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高新技术在棉花育种上的应用及进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
棉花生物技术在基因工程方面取得了较大进展。基因工程中,随着农杆菌介导法、花粉管通道法、基因枪轰击法等技术的突破,在棉花抗病虫害、抗除草剂等方面的育种获得成功,相应的新品种已开始了商业化生产。我国棉花生物技术在抗棉铃虫等方面达到世界领先水平。本文结合本实验室的研究工作,综述了生物技术在我国棉花育种中的应用进展,分析了我国棉花生物技术存在的主要问题,提出了相应的发展对策。 相似文献
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棉花杂种优势利用研究十年成就和未来发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
棉花杂种优势利用研究始于20世纪20年代,应用于20世纪70年代,我国大规模应用始于20世纪90年代。21世纪初,转基因抗虫杂交棉的问世和兴起,加速了棉花杂种优势大面积推广利用,使其在长江流域迅速普及,黄河流域和新疆棉区也占据一席之地。近年来,由于劳动力成本不断提高,简化、高效、低成本棉花生产已成为必然趋势,给棉花杂种优势利用研究提出新的挑战。本文从棉花杂种优势应用研究、基础研究和制种方法 3个方面综述了近十年我国棉花杂种优势利用研究主要成就以及未来发展方向。 相似文献
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生物技术在棉花育种中的应用 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
棉花生物技术在细胞工程及基因工程等方面已取得了较大进展.细胞工程中,通过胚珠培养、体细胞培养等技术获得了一些新种质材料;基因工程方面,随着农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击法及花粉管通道法等技术的突破,在棉花抗病虫害和及抗除草剂等方面的育种获得成功,相应的新品种已开始了商业化生产.我国棉花生物技术在抗棉铃虫等方面达到世界领先水平,其他方面尚有差距.棉花生物技术上应加强基因工程的实效性,同时加大细胞工程的研究力度.本文综述了棉花生物技术的研究历程,总结了其在我国棉花育种中的应用进展和取得的成就,分析了我国棉花生物技术存在的主要问题,提出了相应的发展对策与建议. 相似文献
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棉花核雄性不育系的培育与利用研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为促进棉花核雄性不育杂交种在在生产上大面积应用,对棉花核雄性不育系的类型、培育与利用、杂交种生产方法等进行了综述。介绍17种棉花核雄性不育系的基因类型及其不育性遗传,通过采用自然突变体的选择、人工诱变、人工转育和改良、生物技术创造等方法培育核雄性不育系,应用于棉花育种研究,中国选育出利用ms14和ms5ms6的核雄性不育杂交种28个,杂交制种技术方法和标记不育系的研究进展为高效简化的杂交制种技术提供支撑。分析指出棉花核雄性不育系的应用前景较好,提出核雄性不育杂交种扩大应用的技术关键是要在标记不育系的研究和创造方面取得突破,在当前核不育杂交种制种中采取不拔除可育株、标记后人工辅助去雄可节约制种用工而不降低制种产量。 相似文献
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The use of genetic,manual and chemical methods to control pollination in vegetable hybrid seed production: a review 下载免费PDF全文
Production of hybrid varieties of vegetable crops is currently a desired breeding goal, due to their remarkable agronomic performance and to the possibility of intellectual property protection. However, efficient hybrid production requires a careful pollination control to guarantee the hybrid nature of F1 seed. Several technologies ranging from manual emasculation to genetic transformation are used to inhibit pollen production in mother plants. In this review, we examine the principles underlying strategies like genetically determined systems (genic male sterility, cytoplasmic–genic male sterility, self‐incompatibility) and other methods (manual emasculation, chemical‐hybridizing agents) in different species, considering the benefits and drawbacks of their adoption. Finally, we present the current state of the art for vegetable hybrid seed production. 相似文献
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四个带有标记性状的棉花CMS恢复系的主要农艺与光合生理特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了克服细胞质雄性不育恢复系恢复基因鉴定难和保纯难的问题,选育了丛生铃恢复系、鸡脚叶恢复系、海岛棉恢复系和无腺体恢复系。对这4个标记恢复系进行了产量、品质和光合生理特性的比较。结果表明,丛生铃恢复系的产量、品质和光合生理特性总体表现最优;鸡脚叶恢复系具有早熟、通透好、烂铃少和纤维品质较好的特点;海岛棉恢复系的纤维品质最优,铃数最多;无腺体恢复系除了棉副产品综合利用的优势外,在光合生理特性、产量和品质性状上表现仅次于丛生铃恢复系。4个恢复系的标记性状明显,在三系杂交棉育种、制种和繁种中具有良好的利用价值。 相似文献
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The commercial utilization of heterosis in seed yield by means of hybrid varieties is of great importance for increasing oilseed rape production in China. This requires a functional system for the production of hybrid seed. The Brassica napus oilseed rape line 9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (GMS) two‐type line, in which the sterility is controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one pair of a recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (rf). Homozygosity at the rf locus (rfrf) inhibits the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2ms2 plants. This study was conducted to identify molecular markers for one of the male fertility/sterility loci in the B. napus male sterility line 9012AB. Sterile bulk (BS) and fertile bulk (BF) DNA samples prepared from male sterile and male fertile plants of the homozygous two‐type line 9012AB were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. A total of 256 primer combinations were used and seven markers tightly linked to one recessive genic male sterile gene (ms) were identified. Among them, six fragments co‐segregated with the target gene in the tested population, and the other one had a genetic distance of 4.3 cM. The markers identified in this study will greatly enhance the utilization of recessive GMS for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape in China. 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
杂种优势已广泛应用于农业生产,这其中主要依靠细胞质雄性不育系统。细胞质雄性不育“三系”是杂交种选育的基础材料。其中,强恢复系的选育非常繁琐,且恢复力只能通过与不育系的测交来鉴定,既耗时又费力,因此,人们对育性恢复基因进行了大量的研究。本文归纳了恢复基因的结构特征、作用机理、遗传模式、基因定位及克隆上的研究进展和存在问题。认为随着二代测序技术的发展,可以利用全基因组重测序和转录组测序等技术开发新型分子标记进行恢复基因精细定位,或直接通过测序技术鉴定恢复基因。这将为恢复系的分子标记辅助选育和利用基因工程手段人工改良和创制恢复系提供帮助,也将为研究细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传、进化和特征,全面解析植物细胞质雄性不育育性恢复机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的定位及分子标记辅助育种研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
棉花细胞质雄性不育系统在实现棉花杂交种子大规模生产和培育高产、优质、抗逆等棉花新品种中具有重要的应用价值,而恢复系的好坏对细胞质雄性不育系杂交种的选育的利用起着举足轻重的作用。因此,培育优良恢复系至关重要。主要介绍了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、恢复系的类型,综述了棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传方式和遗传定位研究进展,讨论了恢复基因的精细定位和分子标记鉴定在分子标记辅助育种中的意义和应用前景,并针对目前存在的问题提出相应对策。 相似文献
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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is essential for sunflower hybrid production. CMS-GIG2, a new sunflower CMS type, was further confirmed by crossing with the maintainer and restorer lines for the CMS-PET1, both of which maintain the male sterility of CMS-GIG2. Meiotic division in CMS-GIG2 was observed with 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, indicating that microspore formation was disrupted before the meiotic cytokinesis was completed. Light microscopy observation showed that both middle layer and tapetal cells expand radially rather than degrade over time, followed by failure to form tetrads and normal microspores. This morphological defect leading to male sterility in CMS-GIG2 differs from that observed in the PET1 CMS type. CMS-GIG2 will certainly provide additional genetic diversity for sunflower hybrid breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Generation of tribenuron‐methyl herbicide‐resistant OsCYP81A6‐expressing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants for hybrid seed production using chemical‐induced male sterility 下载免费PDF全文
Chemical‐induced male sterility (CIMS) is a method for hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. Some sulphonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron‐methyl (TBM) are used as chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) in CIMS systems. However, the male parents must be protected from herbicide injury with a shield during spraying of the female parents with CHAs to induce male sterility. Thus, using herbicide‐resistant rapeseed lines as the male parents can significantly simplify the seed production procedure and reduce the cost in hybrid seed production. A rice cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, OsCYP81A6, has been previously characterized to confer resistance to bentazon and sulphonylurea herbicides. We demonstrate here that the introduction of OsCYP81A6 renders rapeseed plants resistant to TBM. Compared with wild‐type plants, the transgenic plants displayed normal stamen development and male fertility when treated with 0.05 mg/l of TBM, the dose used for inducing male sterility in hybrid seed production. These results indicate that the OsCYP81A6‐expressing rapeseed plants can be used as the male parents for hybrid rapeseed production using CIMS. 相似文献