戈壁荒漠区光伏发电项目水土流失特征及其影响指数

以河西走廊地区9个已建成的典型光伏发电项目为研究对象,对不同防治分区的水土流失特征进行对比分析,在此基础上应用水土流失影响指数计算、分析和评级方法,计算戈壁荒漠区光伏发电项目的水土流失影响指数。首次指明国内戈壁荒漠区光伏发电项目的水土流失影响指数范围。结果表明：光伏发电项目各防治分区扰动地表面积所占比例从大到小依次为光电池板布置区（68.72%）〉道路区（27.17%）〉其他防治区（1.77%）〉管理区（1.18%）〉施工营地区（1.15%）;挖方量所占比例从大到小依次为光电池板布置区（65.09%）〉道路区（30.45%）〉管理区（1.82%）〉施工营地区（1.48%）〉其他防治区（1.15%）,光电池板布置区和道路区是光伏发电项目施工扰动最大的区域。这些区域的基础开挖、搬运和填筑等土建工程也是产生水土流失的重点环节,戈壁荒漠区光伏发电项目建设的水土流失影响指数为0.419。     

不同环境条件甘蓝型油菜含油量钝感系数的QTL分析

本研究以甘蓝型油菜GH06和中油821为亲本杂交,后代通过＂一粒传法＂连续自交8代构建重组自交系群体SWU-2为材料,利用本实验室已构建的遗传连锁图谱和复合区间作图法（CIM）对三个不同环境下含油量及含油量环境钝感系数进行QTL分析。结果表明：（1）不同环境中共检测到49个含油量相关QTL分别位于10个不同连锁群上,单个QTL可解释3.31%~12.47%的表型变异,42个含油量环境钝感系数QTL分别位于12个不同连锁群上,单个QTL可解释表型变异的4.05%~14.68%;（2）7个含油量相关的QTL与含油量钝感系数QTL相互重叠,分别位于第1、5、8、10、15和20连锁群上。研究结果表明明甘蓝型油菜含油量相关性状表现为多基因控制的数量性状,基因表达受环境影响较大,本研究为甘蓝型油菜含油量钝感基因的筛选提供了依据,有助于促进甘蓝型油菜高油稳油分子标记辅助育种的发展。     

大庆地区不同土地利用类型土壤重金属分析及生态危害评价

运用对照分析方法,以大庆市＂七五＂土壤重金属含量、黑龙江省土壤背景值和国家土壤环境质量标准为对照,对比分析大庆地区不同土地利用类型（工业用地,未利用地,草地,旱田和水田）土壤10种重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、V、Mn）含量变化规律,并进行了生态危害评价。结果显示：As、Zn、Hg、Pb含量最高的是工业用地,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Mn、V含量最高的是旱田,其次草地,水田和未利用地土壤重金属含量较低;对比＂七五＂大庆市土壤重金属含量发现,除V外,其余含量都有所增加,以Hg、As、Cd增加幅度较大,尤其是Hg污染要密切关注;土壤重金属间存在复合污染,pH与重金属间的相关性不显著,重金属与有机质、CEC相关性显著;从单项潜在危害指数（Ei）分析,工业用地Hg含量达到严重生态危害程度,土壤Cd的Ei值在5种土地利用类型中都较大,以旱田最为严重。5种土地利用类型土壤重金属综合潜在生态危害指数（RI）值排序为：R工业用地〉R旱田〉R水田〉R草地〉R未利用地,工业用地属极度潜在生态危害程度,其他利用地属轻度潜在生态危害程度。     

川中典型丘陵区土壤砷和汞空间变异特征及影响因素分析

采集耕层（0～20 cm）土样325个,在ArcGIS9.0平台上运用地统计学方法研究川中典型丘陵区土壤中砷和汞含量的空间变异特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,研究区土壤砷和汞含量分别为（8.57±0.175）mg.kg-1和（0.078±0.067）mg.kg-1,均未超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准。土壤砷含量在空间上整体呈环状分布,以西北部云绣-赵镇一带和中东部黄家乡-三溪-金龙一带呈现出2个高值中心（〉10.5 mg.kg-1）,并由这两个中心向北部和东南部两侧逐渐降低。汞含量整体也呈环状分布,但局部出现斑点、块状区域,高值中心（〉0.090 mg.kg-1）有4处,分别位于赵镇、西沟、白果及淮口附近,汞含量沿中心区向两侧逐渐递减。影响因素分析表明,土壤砷和汞含量总体呈现出灌溉水田最高,疏林地最低的特点。不同土壤质地间砷、汞含量差异显著,砷含量在粘土（10.09±2.93 mg.kg-1）中最高,汞含量在中壤土（0.112±0.120 mg.kg-1）中最高。此外,土壤pH值与砷、汞含量呈显著负相关关系,而土壤有机质与二者均呈极显著正相关关系。     

5种常见珍珠贝的系统发育和遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD标记分析了珠母贝属常见的马氏珠母贝、大珠母贝、珠母贝、解氏珠母贝以及珍珠贝属常见企鹅珍珠贝的系统发育,同时分析了马氏珠母贝和大珠母贝不同地理种群的遗传多样性,并以邻接法（neighbor-joining,NJ）构建了种间及种群间的系统分支图。结果表明：（1）在珍珠贝5种9个种群中,大珠母贝的4个种群最早聚在一起分别成为2个姊妹群,这2个姊妹群聚合为1个单元群后,又与珠母贝聚在一起,然后才与马氏珠母贝姊妹群聚合成的单元群聚合,再与解氏珠母贝聚合,最后才与企鹅珍珠贝聚合;（2）珠母贝属4种珍珠贝进化程度由低到高的等级顺序为解氏珠母贝-马氏珠母贝-珠母贝-大珠母贝;解氏珠母贝是最晚形成的种类;（3）比较5种珍珠贝野生种群的Nei＇s多样性和Shannon多样性值为：马氏珠母贝（0.4111和0.5933）〉珠母贝（0.3971和0.5784）〉企鹅珠母贝（0.3831和0.5493）〉大珠母贝（0.3388和0.4999）〉解氏珠母贝（0.3016和0.4452）;（4）无论是马氏珠母贝,还是大珠母贝,野生种群的遗传多样性值均大于养殖种群。     

生长季大叶女贞树干液流的径向分布特征

采用根据热平衡原理设计的热扩散探针（TDP）,于2010年5-10月在河南省济源市的黄河小浪底森林生态系统定位研究站对大叶女贞径向10mm、20mm、30mm深度处的树干液流进行连续监测,并分析大叶女贞径向不同深度液流的变化规律及其与各气象因子的关系。结果表明：（1）大叶女贞在整个生长季南北方位径向液流速率平均值沿边材从外到内均呈现＂低-高-低＂的分布特点,即Fs_20〉Fs_30〉Fs_10。（2）不同月份,南北方位不同深度液流速率月平均值在整个生长季变化趋势基本一致,南面为6月〉7月〉8月〉9月〉10月〉5月,北面为7月〉6月〉8月〉9月〉10月〉5月。（3）在整个生长季,三种典型天气春季液流速率都是Fs_10〉Fs_20〉Fs_30,夏秋季都是Fs_20〉Fs_30〉Fs_10。径向上液流启动时间都是Fs_10〉Fs_20〉Fs_30,停滞时间绝大多数为Fs_30〉Fs_20〉Fs_10,即越靠近形成层其启动时间越早,停滞时间越晚。（4）在日变化和季节变化上,三个深度的变化趋势基本一致。晴天,春季液流速率日变化均呈现尖峰形曲线,夏季呈现宽峰形,秋季呈现双峰形;多云天气,春夏秋液流速率日变化均呈现多峰形曲线。夏季树干液流启动时间早于春秋,停滞时间晚于春秋,因此,夏季液流高峰持续时间均长于春秋季,即夏季液流速率的曲线峰形明显宽于春秋季。     

灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热性小麦品种形态和产量的影响

研究灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热性小麦品种的影响,有助于为耐热稳产性小麦品种选育提供方法,也可为小麦丰产抗逆栽培技术提供理论参考。以‘济麦22’（JM22）、056852品系（056852）、‘新麦26’（XM26）和‘藁城8901’（GC8901）4个不同耐热性小麦品种（系）为材料,通过灌浆初期（花后12~14 d）在田间搭建塑料棚模拟高温胁迫,研究高温胁迫对小麦形态和籽粒产量的影响。高温胁迫处理3 d,处理最高温度达43.13℃,处理日均温较不搭棚的田间对照温度在胁迫3 d中分别高10.48℃、9.71℃、9.84℃。结果表明：灌浆初期高温胁迫降低了小麦的植被覆盖指数和冠层叶绿素含量,JM22和056852高温胁迫处理与对照的NDVI值和冠层叶绿素含量在胁迫后差异不显著,而XM26和GC8901分别显著下降9.66%、6.26%和12.10%、10.73%。高温胁迫后不同耐热性小麦品种（系）籽粒灌浆持续期显著缩短,与对照相比,JM22、XM26、056852和GC8901籽粒灌浆持续期分别显著缩短1.4 d、2.4 d、0.8 d和3.0 d。千粒重和籽粒产量因高温胁迫显著降低,XM26和GC8901分别比对照产量降低11.43%和10.05%,JM22和056852产量分别降低6.41%和6.93%。综上,灌浆初期高温胁迫不同程度地加速了耐热性不同小麦品种（系）冠层叶绿素的降解,缩短了籽粒灌浆天数,减少了灌浆物质的积累,降低了籽粒产量。试验材料JM22耐热性和丰产性都较好;056852品系耐热性较好,产量一般;XM26和GC8901耐热性较差,产量较低。     

长期施用氮肥和磷肥对渭北旱塬土壤中氨氧化古菌多样性的影响

采用基于氨单加氧酶基因的PCR-RFLP和DNA测序技术,以黄土高原旱地黑垆土为材料,研究长期施用氮肥和磷肥对土壤氨氧化古菌多样性的影响。结果显示,不同施肥处理土壤样品得到的氨氧化古菌的OTU数分别为25（种植不施肥,CK）、21（不施肥不种植,LD）、18（单施氮肥,N）、25（单施磷肥,P）和13（氮、磷共施,NP）。氨氧化古菌的多样性指数H′和优势度指数Ds变化趋势基本相同,分别为P〉CK〉LD〉NP〉N和P〉CK〉NP〉LD〉N;种群丰富度和均匀度指数在不同处理间变化较大,分别为CK〉P〉LD〉N〉NP和P〉NP〉LD〉N〉CK。各处理优势氨氧化古菌绝大部分属于Cluster S,少数属于Cluster M,获得的序列全部属于难培养泉古菌门。不同施肥方式的长期定位试验土壤中氨氧化古菌多样性变化较大,而优势氨氧化古菌系统进化定位没有显著变化。     

云南元江野生稻抽穗开花期耐热QTL定位

利用以籼稻(Oryza sativa ssp. indica) 品种特青为遗传背景的云南元江普通野生稻（O. rufipogon Griff.）(简称“元江普野”)渗入系为材料,调查温室高温胁迫条件下野生稻渗入系和受体亲本特青的结实率,采用单标记回归分析法,共检测到4个抽穗开花期耐热性相关的QTL,分别位于第1、3、8和10染色体。其中位于第1和3染色体上的2个QTL（qHT1和qHT3）,贡献率分别为12%和6%,来自元江普野的等位基因能提高群体的耐热性,分别可增加9.13%和6.71%的结实率。而位于第8、10染色体上的2个QTL（qHT8和qHT10）,贡献率均为6%,来自元江普野的等位基因降低群体的耐热性,加性效应分别为-6.44%和-4.44%。研究结果不仅为耐热水稻品种的分子标记辅助育种提供参考,而且充分显示了利用野生稻的优异基因改良栽培稻抗逆性状的巨大潜力。     

牛过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)基因第5外显子多态性与胴体、肉质性状的相关性

利用PCR-SSCP结合DNA测序方法对牛（Bostaurus）6个品种（秦川牛、南阳牛、郏县红牛、鲁西牛、安格斯和夏南牛）共计717个个体的过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α（PPARα）基因第5外显子的SNP位点进行检测,并分析了该SNP位点与秦川牛的部分胴体、肉质性状的相关性。结果显示,在PPARα基因第5外显子的138bp处发生T→C突变。卡方检验结果显示,秦川牛和南阳牛处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态（P〈0.05）;南阳牛、郏县红牛、安格斯和鲁西牛处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〉0.05）。多态信息含量（PIC）显示,这6个品种均属于中度多态（0.25〈PIC〈0.50）。相关分析结果显示,在背膘厚和眼肌面积指标中AA型个体对于秦川牛肉质有显著影响（P〈0.05）;而在系水力指标中BB型个体显著优于AA和AB型个体（P〈0.05）。这些结果提示,该位点突变可能是影响牛肉背膘厚、眼肌面积和系水力的主效QTN或与之紧密连锁,可作为肉牛产肉性状的辅助选择标记。     

Chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, and microbiology of lysinoalanine, lanthionine, and histidinoalanine in food and other proteins

Heat and alkali treatments of foods, widely used in food processing, result in the formation of dehydro and cross-linked amino acids such as dehydroalanine, methyldehydroalanine, beta-aminoalanine, lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine, histidinoalanine (HAL), phenylethylaminoalanine, lanthionine (LAN), and methyl-lanthionine present in proteins and are frequently accompanied by concurrent racemization of L-amino acid isomers to D-analogues. The mechanism of LAL formation is a two-step process: first, hydroxide ion-catalyzed elimination of H(2)S from cystine and H(2)O, phosphate, and glycosidic moieties from serine residues to yield a dehydroalanine intermediate; second, reaction of the double bond of dehydroalanine with the epsilon-NH(2) group of lysine to form LAL. Analogous elimination-addition reactions are postulated to produce the other unusual amino acids. Processing conditions that favor these transformations include high pH, temperature, and exposure time. Factors that minimize LAL formation include the presence of SH-containing amino acids, sodium sulfite, ammonia, biogenic amines, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and glucose; dephosphorylation of O-phosphoryl esters; and acylation of epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine. The presence of LAL residues along a protein chain decreases digestibility and nutritional quality in rodents and primates but enhances nutritional quality in ruminants. LAL has a strong affinity for copper and other metal ions and is reported to induce enlargement of nuclei of rats and mice but not of primate kidney cells. LAL, LAN, and HAL also occur naturally in certain peptide and protein antibiotics (cinnamycin, duramycin, epidermin, nisin, and subtilin) and in body organs and tissues (aorta, bone, collagen, dentin, and eye cataracts), where their formation may be a function of the aging process. These findings are not only of theoretical interest but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and health. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories. These overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of LAL and related compounds in the diet. Such an understanding can lead to improvement in food quality and safety, nutrition, microbiology, and human health.     

Phytotoxicity of cobalt,vanadium, titanium,silver, and chromium

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10^‐5 M) and 142 (with 10^‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10^‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10^‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10^‐4 M AgNO₃; at 10^‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10^‐5 N Cr₂O₇ were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.     

Cooking,Roasting, and Fermentation of Chickpeas,Lentils, Peas,and Soybeans for Fortification of Leavened Bread

The effects of cooking, roasting, and fermentation on the composition and protein properties of grain legumes and the characteristics of dough and bread incorporated with legume flours were determined to identify an appropriate pretreatment. Oligosaccharide content of legumes was reduced by 76.2–96.9% by fermentation, 44.0–64.0% by roasting, and 28.4–70.1% by cooking. Cooking and roasting decreased protein solubility but improved in vitro protein digestibility. Mixograph absorption of wheat and legume flour blends increased from 50–52% for raw legumes to 68–76, 62–64, and 74–80% for cooked, roasted, and fermented ones, respectively. Bread dough with cooked or roasted legume flour was less sticky than that with raw or fermented legume flour. Loaf volume of bread baked from wheat and raw or roasted legume flour blends with or without gluten addition was consistently highest for chickpeas, less for peas and lentils, and lowest for soybeans. Roasted legume flour exhibited more appealing aroma and greater loaf volume of bread than cooked legume flour, and it appears to be the most appropriate preprocessing method for incorporation into bread.     

Grain Yield,Quality, and Nutrient Concentrations of Feed,Food, and Malt Barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a cereal grown for animal feed, human consumption, and malting. Nutrient concentrations are important as they provide information regarding the dietary values of barley consumed by animals or human beings. In addition, grain nutrient removal may be useful for refining fertilizer recommendations. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 investigating the cultivar effects on grain yield, quality, and grain nutrient concentrations and removal under irrigated conditions for two-row barley cultivars. Adjunct and feed cultivars produced the highest yields compared with the all-malt and food cultivars. Specific quality and nutrient values were greater than or equal to in the food cultivar compared to the malt or feed cultivars. Variations in nutrient concentrations were measured among the adjunct and all-malt cultivars, which could potentially affect the malting and brewing qualities. Grain yield, quality, nutrient concentrations and nutrient removal varied among cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions, which may influence end-use.     

Occurrence, sensory impact, formation, and fate of damascenone in grapes, wines, and other foods and beverages

Among plant-derived odorants, damascenone is one of the most ubiquitous, sometimes occurring as an apparent natural product but more commonly occurring in processed foodstuffs and beverages. It has been widely reported as a component of alcoholic beverages, particularly of wines made from the grape Vitis vinifera . Although damascenone has one of the lowest ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of any odorant, its contribution to the sensory properties of most products remains poorly understood. Damascenone can be formed by acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of plant-derived apocarotenoids, in both aglycon and glycoconjugated forms. These reactions can account for the formation of damascenone in some, but not all, products. In wine, damascenone can also be subject to degradation processes, particularly by reaction with sulfur dioxide.     

Detection, accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol residues in poultry muscle, liver, and gizzard

Nitrofurans were broadly used as an extremely effective veterinary antibiotic especially in pig and poultry production farms. Because of fears of the carcinogenic effects on humans, the nitrofurans were banned from use in livestock production in many countries, including the European Union. The present study examines the accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol and of their tissue-bound metabolites [3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid hydrazine (DNSAH), respectively, in poultry edible tissues (muscle, liver, and gizzards) following administration to chickens of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of both compounds. Nitrofurans determination was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, for feeds and for poultry tissues. Furaltadone and nifursol, in very low concentrations, were found in samples of muscle, liver, and chicken's gizzard collected from slaughtered animals after 5 weeks of treatment and no withdrawal time period. When a withdrawal time period of 3 weeks was respected, no detectable nitrofuran parent compounds was observed in all of the studied matrices. For AMOZ, concentrations of 270 μg/kg in meat, 80 μg/kg in liver, and 331 μg/kg in gizzard were determined after administration of a medicated feed with furaltadone (132 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. For DNSAH, the concentration values obtained are much lower than those observed for AMOZ. For meat, liver, and gizzard, DNSAH concentrations of 2.5, 6.4, and 10.3 μg/kg, respectively, were determined, after administration of a medicated feed with nifursol (98 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. The gizzard could be considered a selected matrix for nitrofuran residues evaluation in poultry, due to its capacity of retaining either nitrofuran parent compounds or metabolites in higher concentrations, regardless of the administered dose or of the respected withdrawal time period.     

Concentrations of arsenic,cadmium, mercury,and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children,adolescents, adults,and seniors of Catalonia,Spain

This study was designed to estimate the dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain. The concentrations of these elements were determined in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia between June and August 2000. A total of 11 food groups were included in the study. As, Cd, Hg, and Pb levels were measured by ICP-MS and AAS. The dietary intake of these elements was determined by a total diet study. Calculations were carried out on the basis of recent data on the consumption of the selected food items. Trace element intake was estimated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male and female adults, and seniors. The highest dietary intakes of As (223.6 microg/day), Cd (15.7 microg/day), Hg (21.2 microg/day), and Pb (28.4 microg/day) corresponded to male adults. For all analyzed elements, fish and shellfish was the group showing the highest contribution to the respective intakes. In comparison with previous results, a general decrease in As, Cd, Hg, and Pb intake has occurred. The dietary intake of these elements was also compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by the population of Catalonia are currently well below the respective PTWIs.     

Liquid chromatographic determination of identity, content, and content uniformity of desipramine, fluphenazine, and promazine

A liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the assay, content uniformity, and identification of single active ingredient formulations of desipramine, fluphenazine, and promazine. The drugs are extracted from formulations with methanol or dilute hydrochloric acid and quantitated against an internal standard (norephedrine). The drugs are identified by comparison of retention times with those of the reference standards.     

Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone

The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.     

Phytotoxicity and some interactions of the essential trace metals iron,manganese, molybdenum,zinc, copper,and boron

Abstract

The essential trace elements Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B in high concentrations can produce phytotoxicities. Iron toxicity resulted from 5 × 10^‐4 M and 10^‐3 M FeSO₄, but not from equivalent amounts of FeEDDHA (ferric ethylenediamine di (o‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid) ). Leaf concentrations in bush beans of 465 μg Mn/g, 291 μg B/g, and 321 μg Zn/g all on the dry weight basis resulted in 27%, 45%, and 34% reduction in yields of leaves, respectively. Zinc was concentrated in roots while Mn and B concentrated in leaves. Solution concentrations of MnS0₄ of 10^‐3 and 10^‐2 M depressed leaf yields of bush beans by 63% and 83%, respectively, with 5140 and 10780 μg Mn/g dry weight of leaves. Copper concentrations were simultaneously increased and those of Ca were decreased. Bush bean plants grown in Yolo loam soil with 200 μg Cu/g soil had a depression in leaf yield of 26% (with 28. 8 μg Cu/g leaf); plants failed to grow with 500 μg Cu/g soil. A level of 10^‐3 M H₂MoO₄ was toxic to bush beans grown in solution culture. Leaves, stems, and roots, respectively, contained 710, and 1054, and 5920 μg Mo/g dry weight.