鄂尔多斯高原农田土壤类型与养分组成对微量元素的影响——以鄂托克旗为例

以鄂尔多斯高原的鄂托克旗为研究区域,结合统计分析探索鄂托克旗土壤微量元素含量特征,以及土壤类型和土壤养分对土壤微量元素(铜、铁、锰、锌、硼)的影响,以期为当地肥料使用提供参考。研究结果表明:①鄂尔多斯高原农田土壤铁、锰、铜、锌、硼有效态含量中等,铁和锰含量变异相对较小,铜、锌和硼含量变异相对较大;②不同土壤类型对土壤中的微量元素含量具有显著影响;③铁、锰和硼有效态含量与pH值呈极显著负相关,有效铜含量与pH值呈极显著正相关,pH值过高会影响土壤中铁、锰、铜和硼的有效态含量。     

土地整理对土壤有效态微量元素的影响

以重庆丰都县三坝乡土地整理项目为研究对象,研究土地整理前后的土壤有效态微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌、硼含量及分布特征,并进一步探讨其变化的原因。结果表明:(1)土地整理后土壤有效态铁、锰、铜、锌、硼的含量均下降,其中有效铁含量下降最明显,较整理前减少72.7%;土地整理改变了土壤有效态微量元素(除有效硼外)的剖面分布规律,使离散程度降低,使各土层中微量元素的含量趋于均匀。(2)土壤有机质、pH和速效养分能影响微量元素的分布。土地整理后土壤有机质含量的下降能显著降低表层(0-20cm)土壤中有效态微量元素含量,其中土壤有效铜含量受其影响最为明显,相关系数r为0.773;随着土壤pH的增加,表层(0-20cm)和亚表层(20-40cm)中有效态微量元素含量降低,其中有效铁含量受pH影响较为显著;土壤中有效磷含量的下降是造成表层和亚表层土壤有效态微量元素含量下降的另一原因,速效钾对底层(40-60cm)土壤中有效态铁和有效态锌含量有一定的影响,相关系数分别为0.494和0.510,土壤中碱解氮含量的变化对有效态微量元素含量影响不大。     

农牧交错带草地开垦对土壤有效态微量元素的影响及评价

为明确草地利用方式转变对土壤微量元素的影响,以华北农牧交错带2种类型草地及其相应开垦的农田为对象,采用成对设计的方法研究了开垦对草地土壤表层(0～20cm)有效态微量元素(铜、铁、锰、锌、硼、钼)的影响并对其进行了评价,以期为农牧交错带的科学管理提供参考。结果表明:典型草地开垦导致土壤有效态铜、锌含量分别上升8.8%和16.4%,其他4种微量元素含量下降16.4%～28.1%。根据土壤有效态微量元素评价标准,典型草地区域有效态硼、钼含量处于高水平,有效态铜处于中等水平,有效态锌处于极低水平;有效态铁、锰在典型草地为高水平和中等水平,开垦为农田后分别降到中等水平和低水平。低湿草甸开垦导致微量元素含量下降10.6%～77.7%,其中有效态铁、硼、钼处于极高水平,有效态锰处于中等水平,有效态锌处于极低水平;有效态铜由低湿草甸的高水平降到农田的中等水平。整个研究区土壤有效锌含量限制草地植被和农作物生长发育,由典型草地开垦的农田其土壤有效锰含量不能够满足作物的需求。建议研究区禁止开垦草地并对已开垦的草地实行退耕还草,同时建议建立基于土壤微量元素密度的评价体系。     

广元植烟土壤有效态微量元素的空间变异特征及影响因素

为揭示广元植烟区土壤有效态微量元素含量空间变异特征及影响因素,采用地统计学、相关分析及回归分析等研究方法,结合地理信息系统(GIS)技术对研究区土壤有效铁、锰、铜、锌钼及硼等6种土壤有效态微量元素进行分析。结果表明,研究区土壤有效铁、锰及铜含量丰富,总体处于中等以上水平;有效钼含量适中;有效锌和硼缺乏,总体处于缺乏或极度缺乏水平。半方差分析表明,6种土壤有效态微量元素块金系数均在29.72%~67.59%之间,具有中等强度的空间自相关性,其空间变异受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响。空间分布上,土壤有效铁、锰、铜及钼含量表现出北高南低的空间分布趋势,土壤有效锌和硼含量呈现出西高东低的空间分布格局。影响因素分析表明,6种土壤有效态微量元素与土壤有机质呈正相关,与p H值呈负相关,相关性总体高于地形因子。土壤有机质对有效铁、铜、锌及硼有极显著影响,其空间变异性为5.5%~27.2%。除有效锌外,土壤p H值对其余5种土壤有效态微量元素含量空间变异均有极显著影响,其空间变异性为5.0%~30.4%。土类对土壤有效铁、锰及铜有极显著影响,其空间变异性8.4%~12.3%。熟制和种植制度对6种土壤有效态微量元素含量空间变异的影响较弱,进一步说明研究区土壤有效态微量元素含量空间变异受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响,但结构性因素的作用强于随机性因素。本研究结果为广元植烟区土壤微肥施肥管理及优质烤烟栽培提供了可靠的参考依据。     

长期施肥对汞在典型壤质潮土及作物中累积影响的研究

研究了长期(1989~2009年)不同施肥条件下,汞在典型壤质潮土中的累积趋势、形态变化,及其在冬小麦/夏玉米体系作物体内的富集与转移。田间试验设置7个不同施肥处理,有机肥(OM)、OM+化肥氮磷钾(NPK)、NPK、NP、PK、NK、和不施肥(CK),其中OM+NPK处理有机肥和化肥氮磷钾各占50%。每个处理4个重复。结果显示,经过20年的不同施肥处理,汞在表层土壤(0～20 cm)中的含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势。磷肥的长期施用是土壤中汞的重要来源,但对其在土壤中的累积趋势影响较小。弱酸溶解态和有机结合态汞的生物毒性较强,但在供试土壤中的含量较低,均约占其全量的6%;而铁锰结合态(18%)和残渣态(70%)是该土壤中汞的主要形态。汞在小麦茎叶和籽粒中的含量差异较小,显著的低于其在根系中的含量;汞在玉米根系和茎叶中的含量相似,明显高于其在籽粒中的含量。经过长期不同的施肥处理,汞在土壤中的含量表现为NPK≈OM+NPK≈NP≈PK>OM>NK≈CK,与其在作物根系及茎叶中含量的趋势总体一致;汞在两种作物籽粒中的含量表现为NPK≈CK>OM≈OM+NPK>NK>PK>NP,在作物产量较高及较低的情况下均容易导致汞在籽粒中的富集。在OM、OM+NPK、NK和CK几种施肥处理下,汞在土壤及作物根系中的含量与其余处理相比均较低,但作物通过加强对汞的转移能力,提高了其在作物茎叶及籽粒中的含量,尤其CK处理汞在两种作物籽粒中的含量。     

长期定位施肥对土壤铜、锌形态转化及其空间分布的影响

采用改进的BCR连续提取法,对沈阳农业大学棕壤肥料长期定位试验地31年不同施肥处理土壤铜和锌含量变化及其空间变异规律进行研究。结果表明：与试验前相比,耕层（0-20cm）土壤各处理水溶态铜、弱酸溶态铜和残渣态铜含量都有不同程度的减少,可还原态铜和可氧化态铜含量在化肥区有所降低,在有机肥区有所增加;残渣态锌含量明显减少,其他形态锌含量有不同程度的增加。耕层各形态铜分布趋势因处理不同而不同,锌以残渣态为主。在空间分布上,2种元素弱酸溶态、可还原态和可氧化态含量都是随土层的加深而减少。可氧化态铜与有效态铜关系最密切;可还原态锌对有效态锌的贡献最大。     

小尺度下茶园土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征及其影响因素分析

  【目的】  开展小尺度下茶园土壤有效态微量元素空间变异及影响因素研究,以指导茶园养分管理和土壤培肥。  【方法】  于2020年,在四川雅安名山区中峰镇面积约2 km2的生态茶园,采用随机布点法布设94个采样点,每个采样点取 0—30 cm 表层土壤,分析土壤pH、有机质以及有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌4种微量元素含量,用阈值法(平均值±3倍标准差)对分析数据进行异常值处理。采用地统计学与GIS空间分析技术相结合的方法,探讨了小尺度下茶园土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌4种有效态微量元素的空间异质性,并运用相关性分析和回归分析方法探究其影响因素。  【结果】  研究区土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌平均含量分别为56.0、28.0、1.2和1.8 mg/kg,变异系数分别为52.59%、89.95%、38.81%和32.90%,属于中等程度变异。有效铁、有效铜和有效锌含量均服从正态分布,而有效锰含量服从对数正态分布。土壤有效铜呈纯块金效应,全局Moran’s I指数为负值;有效铁、有效锰以指数模型为最优拟合模型,有效锌以球面模型为最佳,块基比在36.57%～61.85%,均呈中等空间相关性,全局Moran’s I指数均为正值,且有效铁含量具有极显著空间自相关性。4种土壤有效态微量元素空间分布格局差异较大,有效铁含量呈现南高北低的趋势,有效锰含量随地面坡度的增加呈现降低趋势,有效铜含量斑块状分布明显,有效锌含量则呈现出从研究区两端向中部递减的分布特征。有效铁含量与有机质、pH显著正相关,有效锌含量则与有机质呈极显著正相关,有效锰含量与坡度之间存在显著相关性,有效铜含量则与各因子均无显著相关性。  【结论】  中锋生态茶园土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量总体上均较丰富,均属中等变异强度。土壤有效铜存在空间孤立现象,有效铁、有效锰和有效锌表现为空间聚集特征。茶园土壤有效铁和有效锌含量主要受土壤有机质含量的影响,有效锰含量则主要受坡度的影响。     

基于ArcGIS的彭水县烟区土壤有效态微量元素丰缺评价

研究基于AreGIS技术，应用地统计学方法对彭水县烟区土壤微量元素丰缺状况进行了评价。结果表明：研究区域土壤微量元素中，有效铜、有效铁及有效锰的样本呈正态分布，其他微量元素为偏态分布，其变异系数在29．47％（有效钼）～51．76％（有效铁）之间变化；土壤有效铜、有效硼、有效铁和有效锰的样本数据最佳拟合模型为球状模型，有效钼和有效锌为指数模型；土壤微量元素的随机变异均小于结构性变异，有效铜、有效硼、有效钼及有效锌的空间自相关性相对较弱，有效铁及有效锰则具有较强的空间自相关性；有效铜、有效锰、有效硼含量偏低，有效钼、有效铁及有效锌含量丰富。     

长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响

利用田间试验研究了长期定位施用有机肥和氮、磷、钾化肥对菜田土壤重要微量元素有效性的影响。结果表明,长期施用氮肥会提高土壤有效态铁、锰、锌、铜含量,随着氮肥用量增加,土壤酸化程度加重,土壤中铁、锰、锌、铜有效性亦随之增强。磷、钾化肥能够提高土壤有效铁、锰含量,对土壤锌有效性不会产生明显影响,在一定范围内可以提高土壤有效性铜含量,但效果不明显。长期施用有机肥对土壤微量元素的影响与配施的化肥种类有关。土壤有效铁、锰、铜含量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关,而有效锌含量与pH相关性不明显,而且关系比较复杂。总之,影响微量元素有效性的首要因素是土壤酸碱度。     

吉林省黑土某些微量元素环境地球化学特征

根据吉林省第二次土壤普查资料 ,对黑土中微量元素B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo和Zn的全量、有效态含量、它们在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等环境地球化学特征及其影响因素进行了研究 ,得出如下结论 :①吉林省黑土B、Mn、Mo、Zn的全量缺乏 ,Cu、Fe的全量略低 ;②黑土B、Cu、Zn的有效态含量缺乏 ,其中Zn严重缺乏 ;③黑土剖面中 ,B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn等微量元素全量与有效态含量分布相似 ,均以淋溶层最低 ,表层和淀积层较高 (Mo的全量除外 )。微量元素有效态含量剖面分布中淀积层层次较深 ,表层富集程度稍强 ;④黑土中B、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn的有效态含量与土壤有机质含量呈显著的正相关 ;B、Mo的有效态含量与 pH值呈显著正相关 ,而Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn的有效态含量则与pH值呈负相关 ;黑土B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn有效态含量与其全量均达到显著相关水平。根据吉林省黑土中微量元素全量和有效态含量分布的特点 ,需施用微量元素肥料 ,增加黑土中微量元素的含量 ,促进该地区农业的可持续发展     

长期施用畜禽养殖废弃物下潮土重金属的累积特征

通过田间试验研究了畜禽养殖废弃物长期施用(2001—2013年)对重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As)在潮土中累积、形态转化及迁移行为的影响。试验设置畜禽养殖废弃物(猪粪,OM)和化肥氮磷钾(NPK)两个处理,每处理设置3个重复。结果显示,畜禽养殖废弃物的长期施用造成Cu、Zn在OM处理土壤中的含量明显高于NPK处理,并主要累积于耕层土壤(0~20 cm),但总体含量(Cu:38.71 mg/kg;Zn:83.26 mg/kg)较低,对农田生态安全的影响较小。形态分析结果显示,OM处理土壤中DTPA络合态、弱酸结合态和铁锰结合态Cu、Zn、As的含量均显著高于NPK处理,但不同形态Cr、Pb、Cd在两种处理土壤中的差异相对较小。其中,Cr主要以非提取态的形式存在(Cr95%)。外源性Cu易累积于非提取态(52%),而Zn则以弱酸溶解态(40%)和铁锰结合态(60%)为主。畜禽养殖废弃物的农田施用不仅是土壤重金属的重要来源,也是土壤重金属活性提高的重要原因,并造成部分重金属在剖面土壤中发生明显迁移行为,累积于更深层土壤中。     

Influence of organic amendments on Fe,Cu, Mn,and Zn availability and clay minerals of different soils

The effects of application of composted olive mill wastewater sludge (A) and depotassified sugarbeet vinasse (V) on total diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and sequential extracted micronutrients were investigated. The mineralogy of the fine fraction of soils was also studied. The soils used were a Typic Rhodoxeralf (soil R), a Typic Xeropsamment (soil S), and a Typic Xerorthent (soil C). Fertilization with A and V during 3 years, in general did not significantly affect the total concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn versus the control. However, the elements extracted with DTPA generally increased with the organic amendments, more with A than with V. The BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction indicated that the addition of organic matter generally increased Zn and Mn in the two more available fractions. A great amount of Fe was found in the second and third fractions from the unamended and amended soils. Nevertheless, the sum of the three fractions was enhanced for the organic amendment, except for calcareous soil. The distribution of these elements in the different fractions was significantly affected by the type of soil. The addition of both fertilizers caused modifications in particle size and consequence redistribution of the calcite content between the different fractions.     

Soil micronutrient availability to crops as affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications

Micronutrient status in soils and crops can be affected by different fertilization practices during a long-term field experiment. This paper investigated the effects of different fertilization treatments on total and DTPA-extractable micronutrients in soils and micronutrients in crops after 16 year fertilization experiments in Fengqiu County, Henan Province, China. The treatments of the long-term experiment included combinations of various rates of N, P and K in addition to two rates of organic fertilizer (OF) treatments. Winter wheat and summer maize were planted annually. Soil macro- and micronutrients along with pH and organic matter (OM) were analyzed. Grains and above ground parts of both crops in the final year were harvested and analyzed for Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. The results showed that soil Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations did not change among the different treatments to a significant level, except for a slight decrease of soil Zn in the CK (no fertilizer application) compared to the OF treatment. The DTPA-extractable soil Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations increased from 0.41 to 1.08 mg kg⁻¹, from 10.3 to 17.7 mg kg⁻¹, and from 9.7 to 11.8 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, with increasing soil OM content, thus showing the importance of soil OM in micronutrient availability for crops. The NPK treatment also had higher DTPA-extractable micronutrient concentrations in soil. Deficiency of N or P resulted in a low yield but high micronutrient concentrations in crops except Cu in maize stalks. Higher available soil P significantly decreased crop micronutrients, possibly because of their precipitation as metal phosphates. Maize stalks contained higher concentrations of micronutrients than those of wheat straw, whereas wheat grain had higher micronutrients than those of corn grain. The transfer coefficients (TCs) of micronutrients from straw to grain were significantly different between winter wheat (1.63–2.52 for Cu; 2.31–3.82 for Zn; no change for Fe; 0.55–0.84 for Mn) and summer maize (0.24–0.50 for Cu; 0.50–1.21 for Zn; 0.02–0.04 for Fe; 0.07–0.10 for Mn). In conclusion, application of organic matter significantly increased the DTPA-extractable concentrations of Zn, Fe and Mn compared to the CK, grain and vegetative tissue in the CK and NK had higher micronutrient concentrations than those in other treatments.     

Comparison of soil tests to determine micronutrients status in Argentina soils

Abstract

Soil extraction techniques to measure the status of available micronutrients for plants are important in the diagnosis of deficiency or toxicity. Mehlich 3 (M3), EDTA (pH=8.2), DTPA‐TEA, and Soltanpour and Schwab (SS) solutions were confronted for their ability to extract simultaneously copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). Argentinean soils from different taxonomic orders with widely varying properties were investigated. The values obtained showed that DTPA‐TEA and SS solutions extracted similar amounts of Zn, Fe, and Mn, while EDTA dissolved comparatively higher amounts of Fe and Mn. Mehlich 3 yielded the highest extractions for the four micronutrients. Soil pH not only affected the extraction of Mn by DTPA‐TEA, SS, and EDTA extractions, but also the extraction of Fe by EDTA. The organic carbon affected the determination of Fe and Zn in all cases. The correlations of the different tests for Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were significant. The results suggest that for the determination of the bioavailable status of micronutrients, any of the studied tests could be applied using the soil edaphic properties as factors to improve the correlations between them and standardize the methods.     

Changes in Fractions of Iron,Manganese, Copper,and Zinc in Soil under Continuous Cropping for More Than Three Decades

The effect of continuous cropping with maize and wheat on soil characteristics and various forms of micronutrient cations in an Incetisol over the years was studied in an ongoing long‐term experiment in New Delhi, India. The soil samples collected in the years of 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2004 were analyzed for different fractions of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) by following a sequential extraction procedure. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content of the soil varied from 8.28 to 8.53, 0.40 to 0.43 dSm^?1, and 0.92 to 1.05%, respectively. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.38 in the control to 0.67% in 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Fe and Mn (but not Zn and Cu) in soil declined from their respective initial (1971) values as a result of intensive cropping for more than three decades. It also resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of all the four metallic cations bound to organic matter, in addition to Fe and Zn, associated with carbonates in all the treatments in surface soil.     

Evaluation of soil extractants to estimate available micronutrients under wheat‐field conditions

Abstract

Three extracting reagents were evaluated by correlation analyses to provide the best index of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe availability to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants growing under open field conditions. Twenty one soils were selected to obtain the widest range in properties of soils of the land wheat cultivated. The magnitude of the extractive power varied in the following order: 6NHCl ? EDTA + NH₄OA_C, pH4.65 > DTPA‐TEA, pH 7.3. The mild extractants, EDTA and DTPA, gave the same order of removal of micronutrients being Zn < Cu < Fe < Mn. The acid extractant was on the contrast more effective on Cu and Fe with respect to Zn and Mn, respectively. Wheat concentrations of Zn, Mn and Fe were significantly correlated to soil micronutrients. Highly significant relationships were found for Zn extracted by DTPA solution (r = 0.737***) and for Mn and Fe extracted by EDTA solution (r = 0.710*** and r = 0.564**). Plant Zn and Mn were also well predicted by the acid extraction. The absence of correlation for plant Cu vs. soil Cu occurred probably because of wheat concentrations almost constant, ranging from 5.0 to 8.0 mg/kg.     

Chemical fractions of copper and zinc in organic‐rich particles from aqueous extracts of a metal‐contaminated granite soil

Abstract

Chemical fractions of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the organic‐rich particles collected from filtered aqueous extracts (<20 μm) of an acid soil were determined. A sequential extraction procedure was used to partition the particulate Cu and Zn into four operationally defined chemical fractions: adsorbed (ADS), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxides bound (FeMnOX), organic matter bound (OM) and residual (RESD). Total extractable concentrations of Cu and Zn in the fine particles were higher than their total concentrations in the original bulk soil. The concentration of particulate Cu was usually much higher than that of particulate Zn. Addition of lime stabilized sewage sludge cake and/or inorganic metal salts markedly increased the concentrations of particulate Cu and Zn in aqueous extracts, especially from limed soil. The proportional distributions of particulate Cu and Zn were quite similar. The two particulate metals were present predominantly in the ADS and FeMnOX fractions, with less (about 20%) in the OM and RESD fractions. Some of the ADS metal fraction was associated with dissolved organic substances. The concentrations of particulate Cu and Zn in the various extractable fractions were significantly affected by the application of lime, lime stabilized sewage sludge cake, or inorganic metal salts.     

Micronutrients (Fe,Mn, Zn and Cu) balance under long-term application of fertilizer and manure in a tropical rice-rice system

Purpose

The balance of micronutrients in soils is important in nutrient use efficiency, environmental protection and the sustainability of agro-ecological systems. The deficiency or excess of micronutrients in the plough layer may decrease crop yield and/or quality. Therefore, it is essential to maintain appropriate levels of micronutrients in soil, not only for satisfying plant needs in order to sustain agricultural production but also for preventing any potential build-up of certain nutrients.

Materials and methods

A long-term fertilizer experiment started in 1969 at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India. Using this experiment, a study was conducted to analyze the balance of micronutrients and their interrelationship. The experiment was composed of ten nutrient management treatments viz. control; nitrogen (N); N + phosphorus (NP); N + potassium (NK); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); farmyard manure (FYM); N + FYM; NP + FYM; NK + FYM; and NPK + FYM with three replications. Micronutrients in soil (total and available), added fertilizers and organic manures and in rice plant were analyzed. Besides, atmospheric deposition of the micronutrients to the experimental site was also calculated. A micronutrient balance sheet was prepared by the difference between output and input of total micronutrients.

Results and discussion

Application of FYM alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer increased the diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA)-extractable Fe, Mn and Zn over the control treatment. The treatment with NPK + FYM had the highest soil DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu after 41 years of cropping and fertilization. Application of chemical fertilizers without P decreased the DTPA-extractable Zn over the control while the inclusion of P in the fertilizer treatments maintained it on a par with the control. The application of P fertilizer and FYM either alone or in combination significantly increased the contents of total Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil mainly due to their micronutrient content and atmospheric depositions. A negative balance of Zn was observed in the N, NP, NK and NPK treatments, while a positive balance observed in the remaining treatments. The balance of Mn was negative in all the treatments, due to higher uptake by the rice crop than its addition.

Conclusions

Long-term application of chemical fertilizers together with FYM maintained the availability of micronutrients in soil and, thus, their uptake by rice crop.

     

长期施肥对潮土耕层土壤和作物籽粒微量元素动态的影响

Micronutrient status in soils can be affected by long-term fertilization and intensive cropping.A 19-year experiment (1990-2008) was carried out to investigate the influence of different fertilization regimes on micronutrients in an Aquic Inceptisol and maize and wheat grains in Zhengzhou,China.The results showed that soil total Cu and Zn markedly declined after 19 years with application of N fertilizer alone.Soil total Fe and Mn were significantly increased mainly due to atmospheric deposition.Applications...     

长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻子粒与土壤锌、 硼、 铜、 铁、 锰含量的影响

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年,研究了不同施肥模式对水稻子粒与土壤微量元素含量的影响。结果表明,与不施肥（CK）相比,化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、 化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的水稻子粒Zn、 B、 Cu含量均有不同程度的提高,并尤以NPKM处理最为明显,三种微量元素含量分别提高14.3%、 25.1%、 465.2%,均达差异显著水平。NPKM与NPKS处理还不同程度地提高了子粒Mn含量,但各施肥处理的子粒Fe含量均显著降低。各施肥处理尤其是NPKM与NPKS均显著提高了子粒微量元素吸收量。NPK处理的土壤有效B、 Fe、 Zn、 Cu含量与CK相比均呈下降趋势,且有效Zn、 Mn含量较试验前土壤分别降低了36.4%与24.6%,而NPKM与NPKS处理缓解了下降趋势,且NPKM处理的土壤有效Zn、 B、 Mn含量分别较CK提高46.6%、 52.0%、 43.0%,均达差异显著水平。土壤有机质与子粒B、 Cu、 Zn含量呈显著正相关,子粒必需氨基酸、 粗蛋白与子粒Zn含量呈显著正相关。以上结果说明,长期化肥配施牛粪或秸秆还田有利于提高水稻子粒Zn、 B、 Cu等微量元素含量和产量,改善子粒营养品质,一定程度上又可缓解土壤有效微量元素含量的下降,是适合南方黄泥田的施肥模式。