典型富硒植物中硒形态和生物可给性研究

为了评估生物营养强化技术在富硒农产品生产中的应用效果,本文对苏州硒谷科技有限公司提供的生物营养强化所得富硒植物材料中硒的含量、形态和生物可给性进行了测定。结果表明:生物营养强化技术可有效提高植物中硒的含量,检测样品中硒的含量达到0.91～110.8 mg/kg。富硒植物中硒的形态主要以硒代氨基酸形式的有机硒为主,其中富硒谷物和大豆中硒主要存在形态为硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet,44.2%～80.4%),富硒西兰花中硒主要存在形态为SeMet(27.8%)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys2,25.9%)和硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys,37.1%),壶瓶碎米荠中硒主要存在形态为SeMet(73%)和SeCys2(23.8%)。富硒植物中硒具有较高的生物可给性,其中富硒小麦和大豆达到90%,富硒玉米和西兰花达到80%,壶瓶碎米荠为50%。生物营养强化所得富硒植物具有硒含量高、有机硒比例大和较好的生物可给性,可作为人体补充硒的重要原料。     

施用生物炭对红壤富硒区硒生物有效性的影响

研究生物炭调理措施对红壤区富硒土壤硒形态及硒生物有效性的影响,为富硒土壤硒活化及硒资源高效利用提供理论依据。通过盆栽试验,连续开展三批玉米苗期研究,设置3 个生物炭添加水平:土壤质量0.5%(T1)、1.0%(T2)和1.5%(T3),以不添加生物炭处理为对照(CK),分析生物炭添加对土壤硒形态及玉米硒素营养的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭后,T1、T2 和T3 的可溶态硒分别平均提高0.46、0.42 和0.43 个百分点;可交换态硒分别平均提高0.61、1.66 和1.50 个百分点;降低了铁锰氧化物结合态硒的比例;有机结合态硒比例先降低后逐渐提高,残渣态硒比例则先提高后逐渐降低。玉米根系硒含量与土壤可溶态、可交换态及有效硒含量均呈显著线性正相关,玉米茎叶硒含量与土壤各硒形态之间的相关性不显著。施用生物炭能提高玉米植株体内的硒累积量,T1、T2 和T3 处理玉米植株平均硒累积量分别比CK 提高9.46%、31.00% 和21.22%。可见,在红壤上施用生物炭能有效提高土壤硒的生物有效性并促进硒在植物体内的累积,其中以添加土壤质量 1.0% 的生物炭效果最好。     

马铃薯硒营养强化技术研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素,马铃薯是世界上第4大主粮作物,施用硒肥是生产富硒马铃薯的主要途径。本文介绍了马铃薯硒营养强化技术研究进展,阐述了硒在马铃薯植株内的一般累积分布规律,硒肥对马铃薯生长发育、产量和品质的影响;介绍了马铃薯生长过程中硒营养强化的生理遗传机制等内容;总结了近年来马铃薯富硒栽培技术和新型肥料研发情况;指出绿色环保、低廉高效的生物有机硒肥、缓释硒肥将是未来的发展方向。     

基于SWOT分析的恩施富硒生物产业发展战略探讨

随着硒资源技术和产品开发的不断深入,富硒生物产业成为湖北省恩施州的主导产业集群之一。通过SWOT分析方法研究了恩施富硒生物产业,并提出了相应的发展战略。     

硒的土壤环境化学研究进展

本文概述了土壤环境中硒的赋存形态和生物有效性 ,阐述了影响环境中硒的形态、有效性和转化的因素 .并对今后硒的土壤环境化学研究应关注的问题提出了建议     

富硒蚯蚓的培养及其硒富集作用研究

以赤子爱胜蚓为生物载体,在蚯蚓饲料中添加亚硒酸钠进行富硒蚯蚓培养试验,利用蚯蚓的生物富集作用将无机硒转化为有机硒。以存活率、硒含量为优化指标,研究5种硒浓度(20、40、60、80、100 mg·kg-1)和4种培养时间(第15、30、45、60 d)对蚯蚓生长和硒含量的影响规律,筛选存活率高、硒含量高、培养时间短的富硒蚯蚓培养方法。试验结果表明:蚯蚓饲料中亚硒酸钠含量越高、培养时间越长,蚯蚓的存活率越低,硒含量越高,且当硒添加量为80 mg·kg-1,培养时间为45 d时,培养条件最优,此时蚯蚓体内硒含量可达33.25 mg·kg-1。     

改良剂与生物有机肥配施方式对强酸性高硒茶园土壤硒有效性的影响

通过田间试验,研究了3种碱性改良剂(秸秆炭、生石灰粉和钙镁磷肥)与"爸爱我"生物有机肥的不同配施方式对强酸性高硒茶园土壤硒有效性的影响。结果表明:在无外源硒素添加的前提下,通过这种内源调控途径能够有效提高强酸性高硒茶园土壤硒的生物有效性。秸秆炭、生石灰粉和钙镁磷肥与"爸爱我"生物有机肥的3个错时配施处理对提高土壤硒有效性的效果最佳,分别使土壤有效硒含量提高105.98、114.09和146.71μg/kg,茶叶中硒含量相应提高0.96、1.14和1.24μg/g,增幅均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。     

细菌生物合成纳米硒的研究进展

硒是人和动物必需的一种微量元素,但是高浓度硒盐会对有机体产生毒害作用,同时会污染环境。而细菌合成的纳米硒无毒、稳定,具有较高的生物活性,在纳米硒生产和硒污染治理等方面应用潜力巨大。本文主要综述了纳米硒的特征及应用,分析了碳氮源、氧气、温度、p H等一系列因素对细菌产生纳米硒过程的影响,阐述了细菌还原合成纳米硒的初步研究机理,并探讨了该研究未来的关注点,为生物纳米硒的广泛应用提供参考。     

硒从土壤向食物链的迁移

硒是生物必需的微量营养元素 ,已经得到公认 ,硒从土壤向食物链的迁移状况直接关系到动物和人的健康。通过食物链 ,动物和人获得适合于健康需求的硒是最为安全和可行的     

集硒与非集硒植物中硒,硫元素间相互作用的研究

比较了溶液ＳｅＯ４，ＳＯ及它们之间相互作用对非集硒植物（苜蓿）和集硒植物（Ａ．ｂｉｓｕｌｃａｔｕｓ）吸收硒和硫的影响，测定了较长生长周期（２１天以上）内这两类植物对化学特性相似的两类阴离子的吸收的误差，结果表明，虽然ＳＯ４对植物吸收ＳｅＯ４有竞争作用，但原生集硒植物具有优先吸Ｓｅ（与吸Ｓ相比）能力，甚至生长在高ＳＯ４土壤中，这类植物含Ｓｅ量也很高。因上，原生集硒植物在生物改良盐化的硒污染土壤与沉积     

硒的生物学效应与环境相关性疾病的研究进展

微量元素硒是人体的必需微量元素,在人体内发挥着抗氧化、增强免疫力等重要功能。近年来越来越多的研究揭示硒还具有拮抗毒素、调节信号转导以及表观修饰等效应,这些新的研究进展为深入探索环境相关性疾病的病因、发病机制及防治提供了新的思路。本文就硒的生物学作用、表观修饰效应及其与环境相关性疾病的关系的研究进展进行综述,以期进一步深入探索微量元素硒的生物学潜能及健康效应,更好地造福于人类。     

Improved selenium recovery from tissue with modified sample decomposition

The present paper describes a simple modification of a recently reported decomposition method for determination of selenium in biological tissue by hydride generation atomic absorption. The modified method yielded slightly higher selenium recoveries (3-4%) for selected reference tissues and fish tissue spiked with selenomethionine. Radiotracer experiments indicated that the addition of a small volume of hydrochloric acid to the wet digestate mixture reduced slight losses of selenium as the sample initially went to dryness before ashing. With the modified method, selenium spiked as selenomethionine behaved more like the selenium in reference tissues than did the inorganic spike forms when this digestion modification was used.     

磷酸盐与硒酸盐相互作用对小白菜磷和硒吸收的影响

采用土培盆栽试验方法,研究了不同浓度磷酸盐与硒酸盐相互作用对小白菜生长、磷和硒吸收的影响,旨在为安全有效地进行补硒和硒污染土壤的植物修复提供理论依据。结果表明,在试验的硒浓度范围内（1．0～5．0mg·kg-1）,硒酸盐对小白菜产生毒害作用,表现为单施硒酸盐处理较对照小白菜的根长、株高、地上部和地下部干重均下降,且高硒处理（5．0mg·kg-1）小白菜SPAD值显著下降。施用磷酸盐能显著增加小白菜生物量,明显缓解硒酸盐的毒害作用,且由于生物稀释效应导致小白菜地上、地下部硒浓度下降,但小白菜的硒吸收量增加。施磷小白菜地上部硒平均利用率提高至42％,且同等硒浓度低磷处理小白菜硒利用率高于高磷处理,表明适量施磷可提高硒的利用率。施磷时施硒对小白菜地上部磷浓度无显著影响,但由于硒的毒害作用导致磷吸收量下降。     

Enriched accumulation and biotransformation of selenium in the edible seaweed Laminaria japonica

Accumulations of selenium in kelp Laminaria japonica cultured in seawater was achieved by adding selenite (Na2SeO3) with or without N-P (NaNO3 + NaH2PO4) nutrients at different concentrations. Biotransformation of selenium in the kelp was investigated through measuring the selenium of biological samples and different biochemical fractionations. The results showed that the optimal selenite-enrichment concentration is 200 mg L(-1), which can allow the kelp to accumulate a total selenium content from 0.51 +/- 0.15 to 26.23 +/- 3.12 microg g(-1) of fresh weight (fw). Selenium composition analysis of kelp (control group) showed that selenium is present as organic selenium, which is up to 86.22% of the total selenium, whereas inorganic selenium is barely 4.85%. When L. japonica was exposed for 56 h in seawater containing 200 mg L(-1) Na2SeO3, the organic selenium was 16.70 microg g(-1) of fw (68.23%) and inorganic selenium was 4.71 microg g(-1) of fw (19.26%). The capability of accumulation of selenium was further enhanced by adding N-P nutrients to the selenite-enriched medium. Total selenium is increased to be 33.65 microg g(-1) of fw at optimal concentration of N-P nutrient (150 mg L(-1) NaNO3 and 25 mg L(-1) NaH2PO4), whereas the inorganic selenium was not increased and remained at 4.597 microg g(-1) of fw (13.36%), and the increased part of selenium was organic selenium. This implied that kelp L. japonica could effectively transform inorganic selenium into organic selenium through metabolism.     

硒的生物学研究进展

本文对硒的生物学研究的国内外动态、主要成就及其进展进行了综合性阐述。我国大多数地区处于低硒或缺硒状态，但在局部地区又发现拥有较丰富的硒资源，根据这一特点，从资源的合理开发和持续利用及生态环境效益的角度出发，进行了一些探讨性评价，并对未来研究趋向提出展望。     

The effect of selenium biofortification in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Abstract

Biofortification of agricultural productions is important to enhance the quality of the products. The aims of this research were to investigate the possibility of selenium biofortification of alfalfa in the calcareous and non-calcareous soils by applying fertilizers differently (control, soil application, inoculant of seleno-bacteria, foliar application, combined soil, and foliar applications of selenate). Morpho-physiological properties and nutritional responses, such as shoot dry weight, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, zinc, and iron concentration in the plant’s tissue were measured. In all parameters, the use of selenium sources in the calcareous soils had a significant effect compared with the control treatment. Among the methods and sources of selenium, foliar application of sodium selenate gave the best response. By the usage of this treatment, Se concentration was increased up to 112.5% and 182%, respectively, compared with the control treatment in non-calcareous and calcareous soil. According to the results, inoculant of selenium bacteria and sodium selenate are recommended as a natural way to selenium biofortification in alfalfa and to improve the quality of the produced forage. In addition, attention to the biological potential of the soil and the use of native soil bacteria is also recommended.     

Influence of Zeolite,Selenium and Silicon upon Some Agronomic and Physiologic Characteristics of Canola Grown under Salinity

The effect of soil applied zeolite, foliar application of selenium and silicon on the agronomic and physiologic traits of canola grown under salt stress conditions was investigated in two-year field experiment during 2012 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, arranged in factorial with 27 treatments forming combinations of zeolite (0, 5 and 10 ton ha^?1), selenium (0, 2 and 4 g liter^?1) and silicon (0, 2 and 4 g liter^?1) and three replicates. The results indicated that zeolite improved plant growth in terms of plant height and increased yield and yield components of canola. In addition, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage increased due to zeolite application. Zeolite could decrease respiration, malondialdehyde and proline in salt-stressed plants. Soluble sugars and potassium content increased in response to zeolite application while sodium content significantly decreased. Selenium led to an increase in plant height, silique number, seed number in silique, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage, while respiration, malondialdehyde, proline and sodium decreased on account of selenium application. Similarly, silicon had a significant effect on growth and agronomic traits and increased them. Silicon promoted chlorophyll synthesis while preventing malondialdehyde, proline and sodium accumulation in plant tissues. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were suppressed by using silicon on plants. Interaction between zeolite and selenium was significant on leaf relative water content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, seed weight, seed yield, photosynthesis and soluble sugar content were affected by selenium and silicon application.     

硒肥对猕猴桃果实硒含量及其营养品质的影响

采用叶面喷施、根施及根叶并施方式对猕猴桃植株进行富硒处理。结果表明:3种施肥方式对于提高猕猴桃果实硒含量效果的顺序为叶面喷肥根叶并施根施,以叶面喷施0.5 kg硒肥最优,果实硒含量增加了103.5%;提高果实维生素C(Vc)含量的效果顺序为根施根叶并施叶面喷肥,根施0.5 kg硒肥最为显著,果实Vc含量增加了23.0%,而叶面喷肥后果实Vc含量下降;提高果实可溶性固形物含量的效果顺序为叶面喷肥根叶并施根施,以叶面喷施0.5 kg硒肥最优,果实可溶性固形物含量提高了37.2%。结合猕猴桃果实硒含量、营养品质、果树长势以及果园管理成本等因素,建议选用果树绽叶期根施硒肥0.5 kg·株-1作为富硒猕猴桃果园的施肥技术。