共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为了探究不同绿肥品种之间的生长差异及其翻压后对后茬水稻养分的影响,通过选取7种不同绿肥(紫云英、白三叶草、金花菜、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、油菜、二月兰),以冬闲田(CK)为对照,进行大田试验,分析不同绿肥品种的生长性状、土壤肥力和水稻的产量、养分、养分累积量等指标。结果表明:不同的绿肥作物品种存在着不同的生长差异,综合来看以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量最高,分别为46.07 t/hm2、38.74t/hm2,二者养分含量及养分累积量显著高于其他绿肥品种,适合作为苏北地区种植的绿肥品种;种植绿肥具有提高土壤肥力的潜力,促进土壤养分累积,同时对改良土壤肥力具有积极的作用。箭筈豌豆翻压后的土壤pH比CK 高出0.71%,光叶苕子翻压后有机质含量、全氮含量比CK高出1.56%、8.86%;绿肥翻压后对水稻秸秆和籽粒的氮、磷、钾含量及其累积量有了显著的增加,其中以箭筈豌豆的综合效果最好,与CK相比,箭筈豌豆翻压后水稻秸秆全氮累积量、全磷累积量分别提高15.18%、14.98%,水稻籽粒全氮累积量、全钾累积量分别提高9.98%、15.02%,水稻地上部全氮总累积量、全磷总累积量分别提高14.75%、20.42%。综上,光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量、养分累积量较高,推荐作为该地区种植的绿肥品种;光叶苕子能够对土壤肥力有一定的提高,箭筈豌豆能够促进水稻养分含量及养分累积量。研究结果可为苏北地区绿肥的利用与推广提供理论依据。 相似文献
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低磷胁迫下箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子根际过程的差异比较 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用我国北方两个豆科绿肥品种: 箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)与毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth),在控制条件下通过不同供磷处理的营养液培养,研究了不同绿肥作物适应低磷胁迫根际过程的差异,并揭示其高效利用磷的机理。试验通过分次取样的方法,测定了两种豆科作物在缺磷与供磷条件下的生物量、根系质子释放速率、根系有机酸分泌速率以及根表酸性磷酸酶活性的动态。结果表明,箭筈豌豆与毛叶苕子在生长前期对低磷胁迫的响应存在明显差异。箭筈豌豆主要靠增大质子释放量和提高酸性磷酸酶活性来适应低磷胁迫; 而毛叶苕子主要通过提高根冠比、扩大根系生物量来对外界环境中的缺磷状况做出响应,在缺磷时其根表酸性磷酸酶的活性显著提高。箭筈豌豆与毛叶苕子可通过协调根系形态和生理的适应性变化提高对磷的吸收。 相似文献
3.
为筛选适宜改良生地土壤的绿肥品种,选取适应性较强的毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、草木樨、荞麦和春油菜5种不同绿肥品种进行试验,研究不同绿肥根际与非根际以及翻压后土壤养分及转化酶活性的变化趋势。结果表明:不同品种的绿肥作物根系活动导致根际与非根际生地土壤化学性状及土壤酶活性产生差异,各品种绿肥对土壤有机质和氮磷钾的富集活化作用有所不同。豆科绿肥箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子对根际土壤脲酶的活化作用较好,其根际效应分别为3.99和4.41;春油菜、毛叶苕子对根际土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活化效果好,根际效应分别为13.17、13.19和2.84、2.87;春油菜、毛叶苕子处理翻压后对土壤4种酶活性的提高效果显著。综合灰色关联法对复垦土壤化学性状及酶活性的变化分析,毛叶苕子和春油菜两种绿肥对生地土壤的改良效果较好。 相似文献
4.
施氮和燕麦/箭筈豌豆间作比例对系统干物质量和氮素利用的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
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三种不同绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
利用网袋法模拟研究旱地条件下箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativas L.)、苕子(Vicia villosa Roth. Var.)、山黧豆(Lathyrus palustris L. Var. Pilosus ledeb) 三种绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征。结果表明,三种绿肥均在翻压15 d内腐解较快,腐解率均在50%以上,之后腐解速率逐渐减慢,翻压70 d时,箭筈豌豆、苕子和山黧豆的累积腐解率分别达71.7%、67.3%和74.1%。氮和钾在翻压10 d内释放较快,碳和磷在翻压15 d内释放较快,之后释放速率均减慢。箭筈豌豆、苕子和山黧豆在翻压70 d时的碳累积释放率分别为71.3%、67.0%和74.1%。三种绿肥的养分累积释放率均是K>P>N,在翻压70 d时钾的累积释放率均在90%以上,磷的累积释放率为73.3%~78.7%,氮的累积释放率为59.9%~71.2%,其中山黧豆的氮和磷累积释放率高于箭筈豌豆和苕子,而三种绿肥钾的累积释放率无显著差异。养分释放量结果表明,箭筈豌豆和苕子的养分累积释放量表现为K>N>P,而山黧豆表现为N>K>P,不同绿肥的养分累积释放量不同,山黧豆的氮累积释放量最高,箭筈豌豆的磷和钾累积释放量最高,苕子各养分的累积释放量都最低。 相似文献
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连续种植不同绿肥作物的土壤团聚体稳定性及可蚀性特征 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为探讨连续种植绿肥对土壤团聚体的影响,以箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、肥田萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、蓝花苕子(Vicia cracca L.)、毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth)为研究对象,分析了连续种植不同绿肥作物下的土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及可蚀性特征。结果表明:连续种植绿肥能够提高不同粒径土壤机械稳定性、水稳性团聚体含量,肥田萝卜主要提高2 mm粒径的机械稳定性团聚体含量、5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体含量,毛叶苕子、蓝花苕子主要提高0.25~2 mm粒径的机械稳定性团聚体含量,蓝花苕子主要提高了0.25~5 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体含量。并且,连续种植绿肥有利于形成土壤水稳性大团聚体(0.25 mm),5 mm粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体的增加对土壤水稳性大团聚体积累的影响较为突出,其中,毛叶苕子的土壤水稳性大团聚体含量最高。另外,连续种植肥田萝卜、毛叶苕子有利于土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径的提升。同时,连续种植绿肥较清耕显著降低了土壤团聚体破坏率29%~38.17%,土壤团聚体破坏率表现为毛叶苕子肥田萝卜蓝花苕子箭筈豌豆。除此之外,连续种植绿肥对土壤可侵蚀因子(K)产生了一定的影响,肥田萝卜毛叶苕子箭筈豌豆蓝花苕子,虽然土壤可侵蚀因子(K)与绿肥作物品种间的规律不显著,但是其与土壤团聚体的关系很密切,土壤水稳性大团聚体含量越高,土壤平均重量直径、几何平均直径越大,可蚀性K值越低,团聚体破坏率越低,土壤结构的稳定性、抗侵蚀性越好。 相似文献
7.
河西绿洲灌区玉米间作绿肥根茬还田的氮肥减施效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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燕麦花生间作系统作物氮素累积与转移规律 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
9.
青藏高原小麦秸秆和箭筈豌豆混合腐解规律和养分释放特征 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
掌握麦秆、绿肥混合腐解和养分释放规律,对于青藏高原东部农区的地力培育和减肥增效具有重要意义。该研究在田间设置麦秆、箭筈豌豆、低量和高量麦秆与箭筈豌豆混合4个处理,研究有机物料的腐解和养分释放规律。结果表明,各处理下有机物料的腐解呈现前期快后期慢的变化规律,至腐解结束,麦秆、箭筈豌豆、低量和高量麦秆与绿肥混合处理的累积腐解率分别为51.5%、82.2%、78.6%和75.2%,氮素释放率分别为21.3%、81.5%、79.3%和79.0%,磷素释放率分别为60.1%、76.2%、74.2%和82.2%。物料中氮素和钾素释放主要集中在填埋后0~33 d,占总释放量的70%~83%和95%以上。箭筈豌豆磷素释放主要集中于0~33d,麦秆主要在0~97d。双库指数衰减模型可以很好地表征物料腐解过程的干物质量、氮素和磷素的残留过程,方程的决定系数大于0.93。物料混合显著提高了氮素的易分解比例(P0.01),延长了易分解氮素的平均周转周期,低量和高量麦秆与箭筈豌豆混合的氮素易分解比例分别比预测值提高了14%和25%,周转天数延长了5和6 d。高量麦秆与绿肥混合使磷素的易分解比例提高了21%。物料混合显著改善了氮素和磷素的释放特征,其中高量麦秆和绿肥混合提高了氮素和磷素的可利用率,延长了氮素释放周期,更有利于后茬作物的吸收利用。研究结果可为青藏高原东部农区秸秆还田的实施提供理论和技术指导。 相似文献
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为了探讨小麦与豆科作物的间复种高效种植模式,本试验在河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验研究了小麦间作大豆、小麦复种毛叶苕子等5个种植模式.结果表明,以复种毛叶苕子压青处理小麦产量最高,为7175kg·hm-2;间作、复种豆科作物的处理经济效益均高于单作小麦,以小麦间作大豆根茬处理经济效益最高,为23142元·hm-2,较单作小麦增值45.6%.毛叶苕子压青处理能显著提升土壤养分含量,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别提升了3.5、0.4、12.2 mg·kg-1和2.4g·kg-1,具有较好的经济与生态效益.研究结果表明小麦间作、复种绿肥作物种植模式具有较高的经济效益,为当地绿肥作物生产提供实践指导. 相似文献
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[目的]研究小麦秸秆、毛叶苕子及二者混合物料在耕层土壤还田后的腐解和养分释放规律,以期为青海高原有机物料还田提供理论依据和技术指导.[方法]将毛叶苕子(G)、麦秆(S)和麦秆+毛叶苕子混合(G+S)3种有机物料自然风干后,切成2 cm长,放入尼龙网袋,埋入20 cm深土壤中自然腐解,地表撂荒.在埋入土壤后的第7、14、... 相似文献
12.
覆盖作物-玉米间作对土壤碳氮含量及相关酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Takashi Sato Emiko Sato Fumiaki Takakai Tadashi Yokoyama Yoshihiro Kaneta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):313-319
We investigated the effects of applying hairy vetch foliage on nodulation and atmospheric nitrogen (N2) fixation in soybean cultivated in three soil types in pot experiments. Soybean plants were grown in Gley Lowland soil (GLS), Non-allophanic Andosol (NAS), and Sand-dune Regosol (SDR) with hairy vetch foliage application in a greenhouse for 45 days. In GLS, the nodule number was not influenced by the application, however, nodule dry weight and N2 fixation activity tended to increase. In NAS and SDR, nodule formation was depressed by foliage application. Soybean plant growth was promoted in GLS and SDR but not in NAS. These promotive effects of hairy vetch foliage application on soybean plant growth in GLS were considered to be mainly caused by the increase in N2 fixation activity of the nodules, whereas it was considered to be mainly caused by the increase in nitrogen uptake activity of the roots in SDR. The varying effects of hairy vetch foliage application on soybean nodulation may be due to soil chemical properties such as pH and cation exchange capacity, which are related to soil texture. Therefore, we conclude that it is important to use hairy vetch for soybean cultivation based on the different effects of hairy vetch on soybean plant growth in different soil types. 相似文献
14.
Summary An attempt has been made to estimate quantitatively the amount of N fixed by legume and transferred to the cereal in association in intercropping systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) —cowpea (Vigna unguiculate L.) by labelling soil and fertilizer nitrogen with 15N. The intercropped legumes have been found to fix significantly higher amounts of N as compared with legumes in sole cropping if the intercropped cereal-legume received the same dose of fertilizer N as the sole cereal crop. But when half of the dose of the fertilizer N applied to sole cereal crop was received by intercropped plants, the amount of N fixed by legumes in association with cereals was significantly less than that fixed by sole legumes. Under field conditions 28% of the total N uptake by maize (21.2 kg N ha–1) was of atmospheric origin and was obtained by transfer of fixed N by cowpea grown in association with maize. Under greenhouse conditions gram and summer and monsoon season cowpea have been found to contribute 14%–20%, 16% and 32% of the total N uptake by associated wheat and summer and monsoon maize crops, respectively. Inoculation of cowpea seeds with Rhizobium increased both the amount of N fixed by cowpea and transferred to maize in intercropping system. 相似文献
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田间小区试验研究了不同种植模式下苜蓿的共生固氮贡献,并利用~(15)N同位素示踪技术评估了苜蓿的%Ndfa和Ndfa,以及与之混作生长的牛尾草植株中来自苜蓿固氮产物的转移量。研究表明,豆科与禾本科牧草混作对发挥草地的优势有一定影响,混作条播在干草产量、全氮产量、%Ndfa和Ndfa等方面均优于间作与混作撒播模式,且高于单作苜蓿与牛尾草的平均值。用~(15)N同位素稀释法与~(15)N天然丰度法评估苜蓿的%Ndfa与Ndfa值时,无明显差异(P<0.05),前者还能准确测出混种牛尾革植株中的固氮产物转移量,后者则大大低估,甚至不能测出固氮产物转移。 相似文献
17.
In organic farming systems, it has been demonstrated that grain pulses such as peas often do not enhance soil N supply to the following crops. This may be due to large N removals via harvested grains as well as N‐leaching losses during winter. In two field‐trial series, the effects of legume (common vetch, hairy vetch, peas) and nonlegume (oil radish) cover crops (CC), and mixtures of both, sown after peas, on soil nitrate content, N uptake, and yield of following potatoes or winter wheat were studied. The overall objective of these experiments was to obtain detailed information on how to influence N availability after main‐crop peas by adapting cover‐cropping strategies. Cover crops accumulated 56 to 108 kg N ha–1 in aboveground biomass, and legume CC fixed 30–70 kg N ha–1 by N2 fixation, depending on the soil N supply and the length of the growing period of the CC. Nitrogen concentration in the aboveground biomass of legume CC was much higher and the C : N ratio much lower than in the nonlegume oil radish CC. At the time of CC incorporation (wheat series) as well as at the end of the growing season (potato series), soil nitrate content did not differ between the nonlegume CC species and mixtures, whereas pure stands of legume CC showed slightly increased soil nitrate content. When the CC were incorporated in autumn (beginning of October) nitrate leaching increased, especially from leguminous CC. However, most of the N leached only into soil layers down to 1.50 m and was recovered more or less by the following winter wheat. When CC were incorporated in late winter (February) no increase in nitrate leaching was observed. In spring, N availability for winter wheat or potatoes was much greater after legumes and, after mixtures containing legumes, resulting in significantly higher N uptake and yields in both crops. In conclusion, autumn‐incorporated CC mixtures of legumes and nonlegumes accomplished both: reduced nitrate leaching and larger N availability to the succeeding crop. When the CC were incorporated in winter and a spring‐sown main crop followed even pure stands of legume CC were able to achieve both goals. 相似文献