重金属铅镉短期胁迫对蓬莱蕉生理生化指标的影响

为了探讨蓬莱蕉在Pb、Cd胁迫下的生理变化规律,采用盆栽试验研究土壤重金属Pb、Cd单一及其复合胁迫对蓬莱蕉部分生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)相同处理水平下,随着处理时间的延长,重金属Pb、Cd单一和复合胁迫下,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,游离脯氨酸、丙二醛含量增加,过氧化氢酶活性升高。在Pb单一胁迫下,总叶绿素含量先升后降,过氧化物酶活性升高;在Cd单一胁迫和Pb、Cd复合胁迫下,总叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶活性先升后降。(2)随着处理浓度的增加,重金属Pb、Cd单一和复合胁迫下,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量增加,过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而总叶绿素含量则表现为下降趋势。说明蓬莱蕉在一定重金属胁迫范围内,可通过增加叶片渗透调节物质和诱导活性氧清除系统,以减少由于胁迫带来的代谢失衡对植株的伤害。     

外源NO对盐胁迫下甜高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探究外源NO对盐胁迫下甜高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以国能4号甜高粱为试验材料,采用不同浓度(0.05、0.1和0.2 mmol·L^-1)硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)处理1.6%NaCl胁迫下的种子和幼苗,统计种子发芽数,测定幼苗叶片叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性等生理生化指标。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制了甜高粱种子的萌发,种子发芽指标(种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数)显著降低,1.6%NaCl是甜高粱种子萌发的敏感盐浓度;喷施不同浓度SNP可显著提高盐胁迫下甜高粱种子的发芽率及幼苗叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量,降低叶片MDA含量,增强抗氧化酶活性,其中0.1 mmol·L^-1SNP处理效果最佳。0.1 mmol·L^-1SNP处理下,与单独盐浓度处理相比,甜高粱种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别增加了29.51%、39.21%和38.91%;幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量分别提高了230.00%、184.38%、214.13%、17.00%、8.78%和40.63%;MDA含量降低了34.01%;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性分别增强了33.38%、55.75%、23.17%和116.46%。综上,盐胁迫下适宜浓度的SNP处理,可提高甜高粱幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量,增强抗氧化酶活性,清除体内活性氧,从而促进幼苗生长,增强植株抗盐性。本研究结果为提高甜高粱耐盐性及揭示其耐盐机制提供了理论依据。     

酸枣的生长及生理特性对盐胁迫的响应

[目的]探讨酸枣幼苗对盐胁迫的适应机制及耐性机理,为盐碱地栽培品种的选择提供参考。[方法]以1年生酸枣幼苗为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,研究不同浓度0(CK),1.5,3,4.5,6,7.5g/L NaCl处理对酸枣幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数、抗氧化酶活性等的影响。[结果](1)当Nacl浓度为0~3g/L时,酸枣的存活率和生长状况影响不大。当Nacl浓度3g/L,酸枣的存活率显著下降,尤其在6~7.5g/L的高浓度胁迫下,其生长受到严重抑制,3g/LNaCl浓度是适生耐盐范围的最大阈值。(2)随着盐浓度和胁迫时间的增加,酸枣幼苗叶片中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均为增加的趋势;(3)光和色素含量呈下降趋势,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)以及蒸腾速率(Tr)呈现下降趋势,而胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈先下降后上升的趋势,其Pn的下降前期是由气孔因素引起,后期是由非气孔限制因素引起。[结论]低浓度(3g/L)NaCl胁迫对酸枣的存活率和生长状况影响不大,但随着浓度的增加,酸枣幼苗的叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统等均受到抑制,植株的生长发育受到严重影响。     

蒙古沙棘和中国沙棘的耐寒性比较

为评价蒙古沙棘和中国沙棘耐寒性差异，以5年生沙棘叶片为试验材料，通过测定其相对含水量、叶绿素含量、三种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶)活性、三种渗透调节物质(游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖)含量、丙二醛含量、质膜透性等指标，运用独立样本t检验对两种沙棘的耐寒能力进行综合评价和比较。结果表明，在低温条件下，蒙古沙棘的叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量均高于中国沙棘，而相对含水量、丙二醛含量及质膜透性则低于中国沙棘，说明蒙古沙棘具有更强的耐寒性。     

不同耐湿基因型芝麻响应湿害胁迫的生理指标变化的研究

为探究湿害胁迫对不同湿害敏感性芝麻生理指标的影响,本研究以耐湿基因型湖北竹山白和湿害敏感基因型鄂芝2号为试验材料,于盛花期进行湿害处理,以湿害处理前材料为对照(CK),分别测定芝麻叶片渗透调节物质[游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP)及可溶性糖(SS)]相对含量,保护酶[抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)]相对活性和丙二醛(MDA)相对含量。结果表明,湖北竹山白与鄂芝2号的SS相对含量和SOD相对活性的变化情况相似,二者均分别呈"W型"和"M型"变化趋势。湖北竹山白的SP相对含量和APX、CAT、POD相对活性始终明显高于或稍高于鄂芝2号,但鄂芝2号的Pro和MDA相对含量始终明显高于湖北竹山白,上述指标的变化趋势无明显规律。综上,对湿害胁迫的耐受程度湖北竹山白强于鄂芝2号。本研究为芝麻耐湿生理响应机理的深入研究及耐湿相关基因的挖掘提供了理论依据。     

不同桃自根砧对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗逆机理研究

砧木的抗旱能力直接影响桃品种生长发育,选择适宜抗旱性桃砧木对桃产业发展有积极的促进作用。为阐明不同桃砧木对干旱胁迫生理响应机制,以5种桃砧木扦插苗为试材,通过盆栽控水方式,研究不同程度干旱胁迫下5种桃自根砧的叶片水分特性、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶及叶绿素含量变化。结果表明,随着干旱程度加重,5种砧木相对含水量、临界含水量下降,自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏及需水程度上升,组织密度和自由水含量逐渐减少,束缚水含量则增大,持水能力、组织水势和耐旱系数下降。各干旱胁迫处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量、 游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量均增加;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,其中随干旱程度加重,丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈增加趋势,SOD活性、CAT活性也均呈提升趋势,可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、POD活性变化不尽相同。综合隶属函数分析可知,桃自根砧品种间抗旱性由强到弱依次为樱桃李5号、RA、樱桃李3号、GF677、樱桃李1号。     

外源ALA对盐胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化能力与光合特性的影响

为探讨外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对盐胁迫下植物生长的缓解作用,以夏枯草为试验材料,研究1.25~10.00 mg·L~(-1)ALA对70 mmol·L~(-1)盐胁迫下夏枯草幼苗叶片和根系的抗氧化酶活性、叶片的叶绿素含量与光合特性的影响。结果表明,1.25~5.00 mg·L~(-1)ALA处理均可不同程度地提高盐胁迫下夏枯草幼苗叶片和根系过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性及可溶性糖含量;增加夏枯草叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)及类胡萝卜素(Car)含量;提高净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。外源ALA可以通过提高抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的含量,增强叶片的光合作用,进而缓解盐胁迫对夏枯草幼苗产生的伤害,从而提高夏枯草幼苗的抗盐能力,ALA浓度以5.00 mg·L~(-1)最佳。本研究结果为探明ALA缓解夏枯草盐胁迫危害的作用机理提供了理论依据。     

PEG与SNP对低温下马铃薯试管苗相关生理指标的影响

研究了在4℃低温胁迫下,5%聚乙二醇PEG-6000和0.10mmol/LSNP分别处理,5%PEG-6000与0.10mmol/LSNP同时处理对陇薯3号马铃薯试管苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和对丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,4℃低温下,PEG-6000和0.10mmol/LSNP都可以胁迫试管苗,导致其酶活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量都有所上升,其中0.10mmol/LSNP可以显著提高上述各项生理指标,并在和5%PEG-6000共同处理时缓解PEG造成的渗透胁迫。     

红壤水分条件对柑橘叶片质膜透性以及活性氧代谢和保护酶活性的影响

通过盆栽柑橘控制盆内红壤不同含水量处理,研究了不同红壤水分条件对柑橘叶片质膜透性以及活性氧代谢和保护酶活性的影响.结果表明,柑橘叶片相对电导率在红壤相对含水量75% 处理时最低,并与红壤相对含水量呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.8236*,n=50);柑橘叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量随土壤水分含量的减少而显著增加,并与红壤相对含水量呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.9051*,n=50).柑橘叶片超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)生成速率与过氧化氢(H2O2)含量在不同红壤水分条件下具有相近的变化曲线,在红壤相对含水量60% 的处理下达最大值后,随红壤水分减少或增加均呈下降趋势;O2.-、H2O2并不是引起柑橘在红壤水分亏缺或盈余胁迫状况下氧化伤害的单一原因.随着红壤含水量的变化,柑橘叶片抗氧化系统处于动态的平衡中,柑橘叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)酶活性在红壤干旱条件下都保持了较高的活性,但过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随土壤水分减少却显著降低.     

模拟干旱胁迫对喀斯特森林喜钙树种伞花木生理特征的影响

在不同浓度(0、10%、20%、30%)聚乙二醇(PEG6000)的处理下,测定伞花木和油茶(对照树种)幼苗叶片相对含水量、细胞质膜相对透性(RMP)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等指标,比较它们的抗干旱能力。结果表明:①伞花木在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,相对含水量仍维持在较高水平,在重度干旱胁迫下相对含水量明显下降,而油茶的相对含水量在中度干旱胁迫下就明显下降;②随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,两种幼苗叶片SOD、POD活性均表现为先升后降的趋势,相比之下,伞花木在干旱胁迫下两种酶活性的增加幅度均大于油茶;③伞花木的细胞膜对干旱胁迫具有一定的耐受性,能忍受轻度和中度干旱胁迫;④伞花木在各个干旱胁迫程度下均能有效地积累脯氨酸,油茶只有在中度和重度胁迫下脯氨酸才有明显的累积。研究表明,调节酶保护系统活性和渗透调节物质含量是伞花木适应岩溶干旱环境的重要机制。     

PEG预处理对盐及镉胁迫下黑麦草生理代谢的影响

为了探讨PEG预处理对盐胁迫和镉胁迫下多年生黑麦草幼苗生理特性的影响,将黑麦草幼苗分别用0,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%(对应水势分别为0,-0.05,-0.15,-0.30,-0.50,-0.77 MPa)的PEG-6000营养液进行预处理后,分别用含150 mmol/L NaCl和Cd~(2+)浓度为10 mg/L的胁迫液培养,然后测定黑麦草幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、MDA含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性。结果表明:盐胁迫下15%(-0.30 MPa)PEG预处理和镉胁迫下10%(-0.15 MPa)PEG预处理可以有效提高多年生黑麦草的光合色素含量,降低MDA、游离脯氨酸含量,增加可溶性糖含量,提高抗氧化酶活性。PEG预处理下多年生黑麦草在遭受逆境胁迫时,受到多种生理生化的调节,其生理指标的动态变化是黑麦草应答逆境因子胁迫的重要调节机制,体现了其对逆境胁迫的适应能力以及在多种逆境胁迫下的交叉适应能力。     

Protective role of proline against salt stress is partially related to the improvement of water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in cucumber

A salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar "Jinchun No. 2" ( Cucumis sativus L.) was used to investigate the role of proline in alleviating salt stress in cucumber. Proline was applied twice (day 0 and day 4 after salt treatment) as a foliar spray, with a volume of 25 mL per plant at each time. Plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the plants were determined at day 8 after salt treatment. The results showed that 100 mmol L^–1 NaCl stress significantly decreased plant dry weight, leaf relative water and K⁺ contents, and increased leaf MDA, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, leaf proline accumulation was not affected by salinity. The exogenous application of proline significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of plants induced by NaCl, and was accompanied by higher leaf relative water content and POD activity, higher proline and Cl⁻ contents, and lower MDA content and SOD activity. However, there was no significant difference in Na⁺ and K⁺ contents or in CAT and APX activities between proline-treated and untreated plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggested that the foliar application of proline was an effective way to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. The enhanced salt tolerance could be partially attributed to the improved water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in the leaf.     

Protective role of proline against salt stress is partially related to the improvement of water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in cucumber

Abstract

A salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar “Jinchun No. 2” (Cucumis sativus L.) was used to investigate the role of proline in alleviating salt stress in cucumber. Proline was applied twice (day 0 and day 4 after salt treatment) as a foliar spray, with a volume of 25?mL per plant at each time. Plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^? contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the plants were determined at day 8 after salt treatment. The results showed that 100?mmol?L^–1 NaCl stress significantly decreased plant dry weight, leaf relative water and K⁺ contents, and increased leaf MDA, Na⁺ and Cl^? contents and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, leaf proline accumulation was not affected by salinity. The exogenous application of proline significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of plants induced by NaCl, and was accompanied by higher leaf relative water content and POD activity, higher proline and Cl^? contents, and lower MDA content and SOD activity. However, there was no significant difference in Na⁺ and K⁺ contents or in CAT and APX activities between proline-treated and untreated plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggested that the foliar application of proline was an effective way to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. The enhanced salt tolerance could be partially attributed to the improved water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in the leaf.     

Interactive effect of salinity and silver nanoparticles on photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of wheat

The present study investigated the influence of seed priming with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), 0, 2, 5 and 10 mM, on growth and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress. As expected, 150 mM of NaCl decreased the shoot fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll contents and increased the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Salinity enhanced the concentration of proline, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Seed priming with Ag NPs increased the shoot fresh and dry weight of normal and salt-stressed plants. Lower concentration of Ag NPs decreased the total soluble sugars and proline contents, while the higher Ag NPs levels increased these contents compared to the control. The combined application of Ag NPs and salt stress increased the soluble sugars and proline contents, while it decreased CAT activity and increased POD activity compared to the respective Ag NPs treatments alone. Overall, our results demonstrated that Ag NPs enhanced the salt tolerance in wheat, but the long-term response of Ag NPs under salt stress needs further investigation.     

Differences in Physiological Traits Among Salt‐Stressed Barley Genotypes

Abstract

The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in 16 barley genotypes with different salt tolerance was investigated. The results showed 50 mM NaCl treatment increased Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents, and decreased cell membrane stability index (CMSI) and fresh shoot biomass (FSB) of all tested genotypes. Salt stress also resulted in a decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthesis (Pn) for most genotypes. Under higher salt stress (300 mM NaCl), the marked increase for Na⁺/K⁺, MDA, and proline content, and decrease for other parameters were found for all genotypes. The affected extent of these parameters by salt stress varied with genotypes. Proline accumulation in barley was associated with injured extent under salt stress, indicating it is not a defensive reaction to the stress. K⁺ uptake was less affected, whereas Na⁺ accumulation in plants was enhanced under high salt stress. The correlation analysis showed that MDA and proline content, Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ were negatively correlated with FSB, whereas other parameters examined in the study were positively correlated with FSB.     

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES TO SALINITY

Soil salinity is a serious threat in many parts of Iran, which negatively affects plant production. In order to investigate response of durum wheat to salinity, two genotypes, ‘Turkey 506’ (salt tolerant) and ‘Egypt 557’ (salt sensitive), were grown in hydroponic conditions, exposed to various salt levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol NaCl) in a split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications of each treatment. Salinity stress decreased relative water content (RWC), potassium content, potassium/sodium ratio, chlorophyll a (chla), chlorophyll b (chlb), and total chlorophyll contents, efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) and membrane stability index (MSI), and increased sodium, proline and soluble sugars concentrations and ratio of chla/chlb in both genotypes. The decrease in RWC, chla, chlb, F_v/F_m, and MSI were significantly higher in ‘Egypt 557’ than ‘Turkey 506’. ‘Turkey 506’ showed higher content of potassium, potassium/sodium ratio, proline, and soluble sugar concentrations as well as lower sodium content as compared with ‘Egypt 557’. The salinity tolerance of ‘Turkey 506’ is associated with higher RWC, potassium content, osmolyte concentrations, chlorophyll contents, F_v/F_m ratio, and maybe more vacuole sequestration of sodium.     

Water stress effects on biochemical traits and antioxidant activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under In vitro conditions

Water stress is one of the major environmental stresses that affect agricultural production worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This research investigated the effect of water deficit, induced by PEG-6000 on wheat genotypes (GA-2002, Chakwal-97, Uqab-2000, Chakwal-50 and Wafaq-2001) grown in modified MS medium solution. Osmotic stress caused a more pronounced inhibition in leaf relative water content and leaf membrane stability more sensitive (index in Wafaq-2001 and Uqab-2000) genotypes compared with the tolerant (Chakwal-50, GA-2002 and Chakwal-97) genotypes. Upon dehydration, an incline in proline, total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde activity content were evident in all genotypes, especially at osmotic stress of ?8 bars. The observed data showed that status of biochemical attributes and antioxidant enzymes could provide a meaningful tool for depicting drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. The present study shows that genotypic differences in drought tolerance could be likely attributed to the ability of wheat plants to induce antioxidant defense under drought conditions. In order to develop genotypes with stable, higher yields in dry farming conditions, it is necessary to characterise genetic resources based on drought adaptation, determine suitable genotypes, and then use them in breeding programmes.     

种子引发剂氯化胆碱和吲哚丁酸钾对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为探讨种子引发剂对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响机制,以杂交稻湘两优900和常规稻黄华占为材料,研究引发剂氯化胆碱(CC)和吲哚丁酸钾(IBAK)对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长、光合特性、抗氧化代谢及渗透调节的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制水稻幼苗生长,3.0 mg·L^-1CC和1.0 mg·L^-1IBAK为缓解盐胁迫对水稻幼苗生长抑制的适宜引发浓度,添加引发剂CC的湘两优900根干重显著增加9.64%,而添加引发剂CC和IBAK的黄华占根系总长度、叶面积、地上干重、根干重、壮苗指数分别显著增加24.78%和14.39%、43.06%和36.33%、11.45%和7.43%、34.60%和28.62%、41.89%和33.55%。引发剂CC和IBAK处理可显著提高盐胁迫下两品种水稻叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素含量;激活超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性;同时增加抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量;抑制活性氧积累,降...     

Drought and Salt Stress Mitigation by Seed Priming with KNO3 and Urea in Various Maize Hybrids: An Experimental Approach Based on Enhancing Antioxidant Responses

Priming offers an effective means for counteracting different stresses induced oxidative injury and raising seed performance in many crop species. The present study was carried out to investigate the ability of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and urea to promote the tolerance of different maize hybrids to drought and salt stresses to identify some biochemical parameters associated with KNO₃ and urea induced resistance in maize seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment of the laboratory at the college of agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz Iran, during 2010. The first factor was stress type and intensity at five levels; moderate drought, severe drought, moderate salt, severe salt, and control (without stress). Seed priming was the second factor; water as control, KNO₃, and urea, and maize hybrids, including Maxima, SC704, Zola, and 304 were the third factor. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll a (Ch a), chlorophyll b (Ch b), total chlorophyll (Ch T) contents, and carotenoids (Car) were found in no stress treatments and the most proline, protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in severe drought treatment. Also, results revealed that generally, drought and salinity stresses decreased the amount of Ch a and the lowest Ch a was recorded for severe salinity stress (4.29 mg g^?1). Stresses caused decrease in Ch b, but the effect of sever salinity level was higher than the others. Priming of KNO₃ had significantly higher proline content than water and urea priming. The SC704 and 304 hybrids showed higher proline content than the other ones. Finally, the maize seed KNO₃ and urea priming lead to high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and increase the tolerance level to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought.     

外源24-表油菜素内酯对NaCl胁迫下桑树幼苗的缓解效应

为探究施加外源24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对桑树耐盐性的影响,以桑品种桂桑优12为材料进行盆栽试验,在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,研究外施不同浓度(0.01、0.10、1.00 μmol·L^-1)EBR对盐胁迫下桑树幼苗质量、根系特征、光合色素含量、活性氧(ROS)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明,与单一NaCl胁迫相比,外源添加0.10 μmol·L^-1EBR后,桑树幼苗地上鲜质量和干质量、主根长、总根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根总体积、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均提高,叶片与根中产生羟基自由基(·OH)能力、产生超氧阴离子自由基($\text{O}_{2}^{\frac{{}}{\cdot }}$)活力、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量降低;叶片与根中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量增加;相对电导率和MDA含量降低。其中地下部鲜质量和根体积是盐胁迫下的1.56和1.57倍,叶片中CAT活性和可溶性糖含量达到盐胁迫下的1.57和1.68倍。本研究为揭示外施油菜素内酯增强桑树耐盐性的生理调控机制提供了参考依据。