牛粪矿物混合蚯蚓堆肥中堆制物Pb和Cd吸附性能变化

为促进畜粪和矿物资源的生态循环利用和Pb、Cd污染土壤的原位稳定化治理,以寻求具有良好重金属吸附性能的原位稳定化修复材料为目标,该研究以高钙镁系矿物和海泡石添加下牛粪矿物混合蚯蚓堆肥为研究对象,分析堆制物性状变化及其对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附性能差异。结果表明,高钙镁系矿物及海泡石添加下蚯蚓均可较好生长,蚯蚓处理可使堆制物pH值、C/N比和有机质含量降低,而使其阳离子交换量和比表面积提高;高钙镁系矿物和海泡石添加则均可提高堆制物pH值、阳离子交换量和比表面积。傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,蚯蚓处理后堆制物中醇或羧酸类物质和芳香类物质增多,而脂类和多糖类物质含量减少,且高钙镁系矿物添加使堆制物含有更多的Me-O基团。X射线衍射分析表明,蚯蚓处理后堆制物中含有更多的硅酸盐和可溶性盐;高钙镁系矿物添加则增加了堆制物中的硅酸盐含量及CaO、MgO等组分,而海泡石添加使堆制物中增加了硅酸盐含量及MgO等组分。吸附试验表明,蚯蚓处理后堆制物对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)具有更大吸附量和吸持能力,且以牛粪和高钙镁系矿物混合蚯蚓堆肥中的堆制物对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附效果最好,其吸附率分别为77.8%、59.7%。因此,利用牛粪和高钙镁系矿物混合蚯蚓堆肥生产具有良好Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)吸附性能的堆制物具有一定可行性。     

有机肥施用和外源镉添加对土壤理化性质、油菜生长及其镉积累的影响

采用盆栽试验方法，研究了施用鸡粪、牛粪、蚯蚓粪对外源添加不同浓度Cd土壤的酶活性等性状、盆栽作物油菜生长及其Cd吸收积累的影响；试验供试土壤Cd添加浓度为0、1、10、50 mg kg?1，以不施有机肥为对照、3种有机肥用量均为4%。结果表明:施用有机肥使土壤有机质含量、酶活性显著提高，施用鸡粪、牛粪处理土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性最高，施用蚯蚓粪处理土壤的过氧化氢酶活性最高，但土壤pH值受施用有机肥的影响不明显。外源Cd的添加使土壤酶活性下降、且下降幅度与Cd添加浓度成正比；在高浓度添加Cd（10、50 mg kg?1）土壤，与对照相比三种有机肥处理有机结合态Cd比例提高37.6% ~ 117.3%，交换态Cd比例降低了14.7% ~ 28.3%。在Cd添加浓度为0、1、10 mg kg?1土壤，施用有机肥处理与对照相比，油菜叶片叶绿素含量、产量显著提高，且施用鸡粪和牛粪的效果又好于施用蚯蚓粪；而在Cd添加浓度50 mg kg?1土壤，只有施用蚯蚓粪处理油菜的叶绿素含量和产量提高，较未施用有机肥处理分别提高了38.8%和290%。在Cd添加量为10、50 mg kg?1土壤，施用有机肥处理油菜植株体内Cd浓度较未施有机肥处理下降了14.2% ~ 27.7%，而油菜体内Cd含量的降低效果以施用蚯蚓粪处理最好，优于施用鸡粪、牛粪处理。总之，从降低油菜体内Cd含量和提高油菜产量来看，在添加Cd浓度低于10 mg kg?1的土壤，施用鸡粪、牛粪的效果较好，而在添加Cd浓度达到50 mg kg?1的土壤则以施用蚯蚓粪的效果为更好。     

草酸活化磷矿粉对矿区污染土壤中Cd的钝化效果

通过盆栽莴苣试验,研究施加草酸活化磷矿粉对矿区农田土壤Cd污染钝化修复的效果。结果表明：施加南漳磷矿粉后,供试土壤交换态Cd的含量比对照降低了12.5%～20.3%;施加不同浓度经草酸活化过的南漳磷矿粉后,交换态Cd的含量与对照相比最高降低了39.5%。施加保康磷矿粉后,随着施加量的增加,与对照相比,交换态Cd的含量变化不显著;施加经草酸活化保康磷矿粉,土壤交换态Cd含量比对照最高降低了21.5%。同时,与对照相比,施加南漳磷矿粉后,残渣态Cd含量最大值是对照的2.03倍,施加经草酸活化的南漳磷矿粉后,残渣态Cd含量最大值是对照的2.61倍;施加保康磷矿粉和活化磷矿粉后,残渣态Cd含量与对照也有显著增加。施加磷矿粉和活化磷矿粉可以显著降低莴苣各部分对Cd的吸收,减少Cd在莴苣植株的累积。在施加两种活化磷矿粉后,与对照相比,莴苣地上部分Cd含量分别最多可降低41.4%、59.3%,根部Cd含量最多降低47.7%、55.1%。因此,低品位磷矿粉经草酸活化后施于Cd污染土壤,可以更好地钝化固定土壤中的Cd。     

钝化剂种类和粒径对复合污染土壤镉铅有效态的影响

为探讨钝化剂种类和粒径对重金属污染土壤的钝化效果,采用室内培养的方法,通过添加三个粒径(60～100、100～200、200目)下的四种不同钝化剂(自制无机型钝化剂、石灰+生物质炭、硅藻土、磷矿粉),研究钝化剂种类和粒径对重金属复合污染土壤中有效态Cd、Pb的影响。钝化60 d之后的结果表明,自制无机型钝化剂、生物质炭+熟石灰和磷矿粉均在200目粒径下对土壤有效态Cd的钝化效果最好,较对照分别减少了9.54%、13.93%和11.08%;其中,硅藻土在100～200目的粒径下效果最佳,有效态Cd含量与对照相比降低了22.35%。自制无机型钝化剂、石灰+生物质炭、硅藻土和磷矿粉对土壤有效态Pb的钝化效果都在200目的粒径下最好,有效态Pb含量与对照相比分别减少了17.81%、18.70%、11.54%和22.19%,其中磷矿粉的钝化效果最佳。研究表明,自制无机型钝化剂、石灰+生物质炭和磷矿粉都是粒径越小钝化土壤重金属Cd、Pb效果越好,可能是由于较小粒径更有利于Cd和Pb由活性态向非活性态转化,硅藻土对Cd、Pb的钝化效果在三个粒径处理间差异不显著。     

水溶性有机质对南京城郊菜地土壤Pb吸附解吸行为的影响

通过批处理试验研究了不同来源的水溶性有机质（DOM）对南京城郊菜地土壤铅（Pb）吸附解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明,DOM抑制了土壤对Pb的吸附,随着DOM浓度的增加,土壤对Pb的吸附量减少,当DOM体积从0增加到21 mL时,土壤对Pb的吸附量分别减少5.34%（鸡粪）、24.12%（牛粪）和0.35%（有机肥）。不同来源的DOM也影响土壤对Pb的吸附程度。当添加低浓度的DOM（添加体积小于6 mL）时,土壤对Pb的吸附量顺序为鸡粪DOM〈牛粪DOM≈有机肥DOM;当添加高浓度的DOM（添加体积大于6 mL）时,土壤对Pb的吸附量顺序为牛粪DOM〈鸡粪DOM〈有机肥DOM。反之亦然,DOM促进了土壤Pb的解吸,解吸量随添加DOM浓度的增大而增加。不同来源的DOM对土壤Pb解吸程度的影响也有所差异。对于低污染土壤,Pb的解吸量顺序为鸡粪DOM〉牛粪DOM〉有机肥DOM;对于高污染土壤,Pb的解吸量顺序为鸡粪DOM〉有机肥DOM〉牛粪DOM。Pb吸附动力学曲线揭示,添加DOM延缓了土壤Pb吸附平衡到达的时间。本研究表明,DOM增加了土壤Pb的环境风险。     

不同温度下镉在典型农田土壤中的吸附动力学特征

按土重的3%和5%向采自海南和广西的3种可变电荷土壤中添加由稻草制备的生物质炭,混合培养30 d后用一次平衡法研究了生物质炭对土壤吸附Cd（Ⅱ）的影响及其与土壤表面电化学性质的关系,旨在阐明生物质炭促进可变电荷土壤吸附和固定Cd（Ⅱ）的机制。结果表明,添加稻草炭显著提高了3种土壤的阳离子交换量（CEC）和土壤pH,并使土壤胶体Zeta电位向负值方向位移。因此,添加稻草炭增加了土壤表面的负电荷量,土壤表面对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附容量增强,使3种可变电荷土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量增加,且Cd（Ⅱ）吸附量的增幅随稻草炭添加水平的提高而增加。Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程可以拟合3种土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附等温线,但Freundlich方程拟合效果更好,该方程表征吸附容量的常数k也随着稻草炭添加水平提高而增大。研究表明在pH3.0~5.0范围内,稻草炭均增加土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量。添加稻草炭提高土壤pH,促进Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附,因为Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量随pH升高而增加。解吸实验表明,添加稻草炭处理Cd（Ⅱ）的解吸量高于对照处理,说明生物质炭提高了土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的静电吸附量。     

稻草生物质炭对3种可变电荷土壤吸附Cd（Ⅱ）的影响

按土重的3%和5%向采自海南和广西的3种可变电荷土壤中添加由稻草制备的生物质炭,混合培养30 d后用一次平衡法研究了生物质炭对土壤吸附Cd（Ⅱ）的影响及其与土壤表面电化学性质的关系,旨在阐明生物质炭促进可变电荷土壤吸附和固定Cd（Ⅱ）的机制。结果表明,添加稻草炭显著提高了3种土壤的阳离子交换量（CEC）和土壤pH,并使土壤胶体Zeta电位向负值方向位移。因此,添加稻草炭增加了土壤表面的负电荷量,土壤表面对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附容量增强,使3种可变电荷土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量增加,且Cd（Ⅱ）吸附量的增幅随稻草炭添加水平的提高而增加。Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程可以拟合3种土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附等温线,但Freundlich方程拟合效果更好,该方程表征吸附容量的常数k也随着稻草炭添加水平提高而增大。研究表明在pH3.0~5.0范围内,稻草炭均增加土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量。添加稻草炭提高土壤pH,促进Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附,因为Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附量随pH升高而增加。解吸实验表明,添加稻草炭处理Cd（Ⅱ）的解吸量高于对照处理,说明生物质炭提高了土壤对Cd（Ⅱ）的静电吸附量。     

蚯蚓粪的NH4+吸附等温线与DTA曲线特征

本文研究了南宁三种饲料人工饲养的蚯蚓的蚯蚓粪(简称蚓粪)对NH₄⁺的吸附等温线,并与武功的蚓粪作比较。蚓粪对NH₄⁺的吸附一般大于土壤对NH₄⁺的吸附,南宁蚓粪又大于武功蚓粪。蚓粪吸附NH₄⁺量的多少与其中有机质含量有关,特别与其中中温放热反应的有机质(即易于分解的有机质)呈正相关。不同饲料组成对蚓粪吸NH₄⁺等温线的参数影响不同。在Langmuir方程中与结合能常数有关的K值的次序为:纯牛粪>牛粪+烂橙果>牛粪+草菇培养基脚料而与最大吸附量有关的M值的次序为:牛粪+烂橙果>纯牛粪>牛粪+草菇培养基脚料而以K与真M的总的效应表示的b值的次序为:纯牛粪>牛粪+烂橙果>牛粪+草菇培养基脚料因此,牛粪不仅是一个良好的蚯蚓饲料,并且可使蚓粪具有良好的保NH₄⁺力,成为一种有效的吸附剂。     

菊糖对蚯蚓粪肥性状的影响及调控过程

通过蚯蚓堆肥试验,探讨菊糖对蚯蚓的益生作用及高活力蚯蚓粪肥的形成过程,可为滩涂生态农牧化模式构建及障碍土壤修复提供理论依据.以牛粪、赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)和菊糖为材料,设置纯牛粪养殖蚯蚓(EM)和添加菊糖的牛粪养殖蚯蚓(IEM)处理,养殖周期为40 d,每隔10 d采样分析,研究了牛粪–蚯蚓肠道内容...     

不同钝化剂对猪粪堆肥中重金属形态转化的影响

采用三级四步连续提取法(BCR)研究了磷矿粉、硅藻土和膨润土3种重金属钝化剂对猪粪堆肥过程中重金属As、Pb、Cd含量和形态的影响.结果表明:(1)堆肥处理后,重金属总量会表现出“相对浓缩效应”,使其浓度升高.(2)堆肥处理能促进重金属As、Pb、Cd的形态向活性降低的方向转化,从而降低其生物有效性.(3)不同钝化剂对不同重金属钝化效果不同,膨润土和磷矿粉对交换态铅的钝化效果较好;膨润土对交换态砷的钝化效果较好;硅藻土对交换态镉的钝化效果较好.因此,磷矿粉、硅藻土和膨润土处理有利于降低猪粪堆肥施用中的重金属污染风险.     

水洗处理对秸秆生物质炭吸附解吸Cd2+和Pb2+的特性影响

水洗处理在不影响生物质炭性质的前提下,可以去除附着在其表面的热解副产物,从而保证对重金属离子的去除能力。以小麦和玉米秸秆为原料,比较两种秸秆类生物质炭对溶液Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附解吸特点及其水溶性盐分含量的影响。结果表明,小麦和玉米秸秆生物质炭对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附过程均更好地符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir方程。小麦秸秆生物质炭对Cd2+和Pb2+的最大吸附量达12.82 mg g?1和9.91 mg g?1,为玉米秸秆吸附量的1.31 ~ 1.76倍和1.06 ~ 1.53倍。洗脱水溶性盐分可以降低生物质炭对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附,水洗后小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆生物质炭对Cd2+的最大吸附量分别降低42.36%和60.13%,对Pb2+的最大吸附量分别降低29.47%和62.72%。水洗处理提高了两种秸秆生物质炭对Cd2+和Pb2+的解吸率,其中小麦秸秆生物质炭提高幅度较大,由原来对Cd2+的解吸率为1.84% ~ 13.05%提高到7.88% ~ 20.19%,对Pb2+的解吸率为1.57% ~ 11.82%提高到6.34% ~ 16.94%。因此,可溶性盐分在秸秆生物质炭吸附Cd2+和Pb2+的过程中具有重要作用,该研究结果将为制备高效修复重金属污染土壤的生物质材料提供技术支撑。     

A review of cadmium sorption mechanisms on soil mineral surfaces revealed from synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy: Implications for soil remediation

The sorption of cadmium(Cd) is one of the most important chemical processes in soil, affecting its fate and mobility in both soil and water and ultimately controlling its bioavailability. In order to fundamentally understand the sorption/desorption of Cd in soil systems, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy(XAFS) has been applied in numerous studies to provide molecular-level information that can be used to characterize the surface adsorption and precipitation reactions that Cd can undergo. This information greatly improves our current knowledge of the possible chemical reactions of Cd in soil. This paper critically reviews the mechanisms of Cd sorption/desorption at the mineral-water interface based on XAFS studies performed over the past twenty years. An introduction to the basic concepts of sorption processes is provided, followed by a detailed interpretation of XAFS theory and experimental data collection and processing,ending finally with a discussion of the atomic/molecular-scale Cd sorption mechanisms that occur at the soil mineral-water interface. Particular emphasis is placed on literature that discusses Cd adsorption and speciation when associated with iron, manganese, and aluminum oxides and aluminosilicate minerals.Multiple sorption mechanisms by which Cd is sorbed by these minerals have been found, spanning from outer-sphere to inner-sphere to surface precipitation,depending on mineral type, surface loading, and pH. In addition, the application of complementary techniques(e.g.,113 Cd nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and molecular dynamics simulation) for probing Cd sorption mechanisms is discussed. This review can help to develop appropriate strategies for the environmental remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.     

名山河流域黄壤组分对微团聚体吸附解吸镉的影响

选取名山河流域4种土地利用方式（林地、水田、茶园、旱地）的黄壤为研究对象,采用平衡液等温吸附法和NH4OAC、EDTA溶液解吸法,研究土壤组分（有机质、游离氧化铁）对微团聚体吸附解吸Cd2＋的影响。结果表明：去除土壤组分前后,原土及各粒径微团聚体对Cd2＋的吸附量均随Cd2＋初始浓度增大而增大,吸附量均按以下次序递减：（〈0.002mm）〉2～0.25mm〉原土〉0.053～0.002mm〉0.25～0.053mm,与有机质、游离氧化铁、CEC呈极显著正相关。吸附减少量大小关系为：去除有机质〉去除游离氧化铁,有机质的贡献率大于游离氧化铁。Freundlich方程拟合效果最佳,达到极显著水平,分布系数Kd值与Cd2＋初始浓度呈曲线负相关。NH4OAC解吸率随原吸附Cd2＋初始浓度增大而增大,以最大解吸率计,递减规律为：0.25～0.053mm〉0.053～0.002mm〉原土〉2～0.25mm〉（〈0.002mm）;EDTA解吸率随原吸附Cd2＋初始浓度增大而减小,递减规律与NH4OAC解吸率相反。去除土壤组分后,NH4OAC解吸率上升,EDTA解吸率下降,茶园与旱地黄壤非解吸率减小,林地与水田黄壤非解吸率增大。去除土壤组分后,非专性吸附与吸附总量呈极显著正相关,专性吸附与吸附总量呈极显著负相关。     

Responses of Saline Soil Properties and Cotton Growth to Different Organic Amendments

Application of organic waste to saline alkaline soils is considered to be a good practice for soil remediation. The effects of applying different organic amendments (e.g., cattle dung, vermicompost, biofertilizer) and earthworm inoculations (Eisenia fetida) on saline soils and cotton growth were investigated during 1 year of cotton cultivation. Compared to the control (applied with inorganic NPK fertilizer), applying organic amendments improved soil physicochemical properties. Biofertilizer application improved available nutrient content, reduced short-term soil electrical conductivity, and produced the highest cotton yield, whereas cattle dung and vermicompost applications resulted in higher soil organic matter content. Application of organic amendments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon during the flowering period, which sharply declined at harvest. This was especially true for the biofertilizer treatment, which also exhibited lower nematode abundance compared with the other organic materials. Earthworm inoculation following cattle dung application failed to significantly change soil physicochemical properties when compared to the treatments without earthworm inoculation. Results suggest that biofertilizer application to saline soil would improve soil nutrient status in the short-term, whereas cattle dung application would improve soil organic matter content and increase soil organism abundance to a greater extent. However, different strategies might be required for long-term saline soil remediation.     

名山县蒙山茶园土壤各粒级组分对K~+吸附-解吸特征的影响

以名山县蒙山茶园紫色土为对象,用物理方法将蒙山茶园紫色土分成粒径大小不同的土壤组分(≤0.002mm,0.02～0.002mm,0.2～0.02mm,2～0.2mm),分别通过动力学和热力学方法研究它们对K+的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明:紫色土不同粒级组分对K+的吸附量表现为小于0.002mm>0.02～0.002mm>原土>0.2～0.02mm>2～0.2mm,而解吸量则呈相反的规律。用Elovich方程、双常数方程、抛物线扩散方程及一级扩散方程分别对K+的吸附-解吸动力学数据进行拟合,并用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin热力学方程对等温吸附过程进行拟合。原土及各粒级组分K+的吸附量均随K+初始浓度的增大而增大,但各粒级组分吸附量大小关系各不相同,K+均向最小粒径富集。运用动力学方法,原土和各粒径组分对K+的吸附特性均用Elovich吸附方程拟合最佳,原土和各粒级组分对K+的解吸特性均用Elovich解吸方程拟合效果最佳。运用热力学方法,原土和土壤各粒级组分以及分别去除有机质和游离氧化铁后对K+的吸附特性均用Freundlich吸附方程拟合效果最佳,原土和土壤各粒级组分以及分别去除有机质和游离氧化铁后对K+的解吸特性均用Freundlich吸附方程拟合效果最佳。     

发育程度对海南玄武岩发育土壤吸附铬酸根和磷酸根的影响

选择海南岛北部3个不同年代喷发的玄武岩发育的土壤研究了其对铬酸根(CrO42-)和磷酸根(PO43-)的吸附特征,结果表明随着母岩年龄的增加,土壤发育程度提高,土壤游离氧化铁和表面正电荷数量增加,对2种阴离子的吸附量增加。土壤CrO42-的解吸率在19.8%~39.6%之间,表明土壤对CrO42-的吸附涉及静电吸附和专性吸附2种机制,且随着土壤发育程度增加,CrO42-静电吸附所占比例增加。土壤对PO43-的吸附以非静电吸附为主,吸附的PO43-的解吸量非常低,其解吸率不超过6%。吸附PO43-在去离子水中的解吸量高于在0.1 mol/L NaNO3和KNO3中的解析量,KNO3体系中的解吸量低于NaNO3体系中的,电解质主要通过改变胶体表面离子吸附面上的静电电位影响PO43-的解吸。     

Vermicomposting with rock powder increases plant growth

The growth of earthworms in substrates enriched with rock (gneiss and steatite) powder, and the potential of vermicomposting in increasing solubilisation of minerals present in rock powder and in promoting plant growth were evaluated. Cattle manure (400 g), was enriched with 0, 5 and 20% of gneiss or steatite powder. Each pot with this mixture received nine earthworms (Eisenia andrei), at a density of 1000 indiv. m⁻³. After 60 d, earthworms were collected, counted and weighed (fresh and dry). Maize was cultivated in a greenhouse in pots with an Oxisol that was fertilised with the vermicompost obtained above. Treatments with Oxisol fertilised with gneiss or steatite only and unfertilised soil were used as controls. Shoot length was measured weekly from the soil surface to the tips of the leaves. After 73 d, the plants were harvested, the roots washed from the soil and shoots and roots dried and weighed. Plants fertilised with vermicompost enriched with rock powder were taller and heavier than plants fertilised with non-enriched vermicompost. Plants grown on soil fertilised with rock powder but not with vermicompost were larger than plants grown on unfertilised soil. Vermicompost enriched with steatite powder resulted in a larger effect on plant growth than the mere sum of applying vermicompost of non-enriched manure and steatite alone to the soil. A similar, but non-significant effect was also observed for gneiss. The different effects between gneiss and steatite may be associated with the lower resistance to chemical weathering of steatite minerals compared to gneiss minerals, as well as the former being softer than the latter. The effect of vermicompost on the optimisation of nutrient release from silicate rocks seems to depend on the rock type.     

Mono- and Multielement Sorption of Trace Metals on Oxidic Industrial By-products

Assessing multielement adsorption of trace metals on materials having potential to be used as soil amendments is an essential stage for the remediation success, as soil contamination rarely occurs with a single element. This study evaluated mono-/multielement adsorption of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb on aluminum (AMB) and iron mining by-products (IMB, used for comparison). Prior to adsorption, these products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, isoelectric point, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microwave furnace digestion. Sorption experiments comprised: (1) pH adjustment (5.5, 6.5, and natural suspension pH), (2) mono- and multielement adsorption, and (3) desorption. Rising pH from 5.5 to natural suspension values (9.5) increased monoelement adsorption of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb on AMB up to 3.8-, 1.4-, 6.2-, and 1.1-fold, whereas multielement adsorption was increased up to 17.3-, 2.0-, 20.3-, and 1.2-fold, respectively. Zinc and Cd were less adsorbed than Cu and Pb and more affected by competition. Multielement adsorption at 5.5 pH in AMB resulted in smaller adsorption of Zn (up to 4.6-fold), Cu (1.4-fold), Cd (3.3-fold), and Pb (1.1-fold) when compared with monoelement adsorption. The lower the pH, the smaller the adsorption and the higher the desorption. The AMB showed higher capacity to maintain the elements adsorbed than the IMB.     

土壤重金属复合污染的化学固定修复研究

本文研究糠醛渣、磷矿粉、风化煤3 种修复剂对重金属复合污染土壤的化学固定修复效果.结果表明:糠醛渣、磷矿粉、风化煤3 种修复剂都可一定程度地降低复合污染土壤中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量,其中以风化煤降低土壤有效态Zn、Cu的效果较好,在风化煤添加量为80 g/kg时土壤有效态Zn的含量降低了37.22%,土壤有效态Cu的含量降低了31.22%;磷矿粉处理修复Pb的效果比糠醛渣、风化煤好,在磷矿粉添加量为80 g/kg时,土壤有效态Pb的含量降低了23.79%;3 种修复剂都能显著降低土壤有效态Cd,在磷矿粉添加量为40 g/kg时,土壤有效态Cd的含量降低最显著,较对照降低了83.09%.在本试验条件下,3 种修复剂对4 种重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果,以Cd 较好,其次是Zn,对Pb的修复效果较差.