重金属Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb复合污染对土壤生物活性的影响

通过野外土样采集及室内培养试验(25℃),研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,以及模拟重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,矿区土壤(距矿口0~800 m)重金属污染严重,Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu全量和有效含量是对照土壤(距矿口10 000 m)的3.7~141.0倍和2.2~773.2倍;距矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及土壤pH亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳和氮受到的抑制程度也显著增强。与对照土壤相比,距矿口0~800 m的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性分别降低25.5%~47.3%、22.6%~74.2%、30.9%~83.1%、16.7%~69.1%和34.6%~92.3%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别较对照下降30.5%~80.1%、8.1%~49.9%和3.3%~8.3%。土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。恒温(25℃)培养试验中,低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了土壤酶活性和细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮的数量,但高量的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性、细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮均显著下降。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb之间存在着一定的协同或拮抗作用,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb之间在微生物生物量碳和氮上表现出明显的协同效应,Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu对细菌数量的复合效应机制为拮抗效应,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb对真菌数量和放线菌数量的复合效应机制表现为协同效应和拮抗效应并存。     

竹豆间种对柑橘园土壤化学性质及微生物碳源代谢特征的影响

选择红壤丘陵区典型柑橘园,设置清耕、自然生草和竹豆间种3 种种植模式,研究不同种植模式下柑橘园土壤化学性质、微生物生物量、微生物碳源代谢特征变化,并探明主导碳源代谢特征变化的土壤环境因素。结果表明,相对于清耕和自然生草种植模式,竹豆间种模式下柑橘园土壤pH 提高了24.03% 和21.65%,有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别提高了19.40% 和25.14%、14.02% 和18.61%、2.69 和3.12 倍、63.40% 和1.14 倍。柑橘园土壤微生物生物量碳受种植模式影响不显著,但是竹豆间种显著提高了土壤微生物碳源利用能力(Average well colordevelopment,AWCD)和均匀度指数。竹豆间种模式下土壤微生物对于酰胺、氨基酸、酚类和多聚物等多个大类碳源的代谢强度显著高于其他处理,清耕模式下土壤微生物对于糖类尤其是赤藓糖醇、葡萄糖-1- 磷酸、D- 纤维二糖的代谢强度显著高于其他处理。逐步回归分析结果表明,微生物的碳源利用能力和土壤有机碳密切相关,而pH是影响微生物功能多样性及多个特异性碳源代谢强度的首要因素。冗余分析结果表明,柑橘园土壤微生物碳源利用模式受土壤环境因素影响的大小顺序为:pH> 有效磷> 碱解氮> 有机碳> 速效钾。因此,竹豆间种能够缓解柑橘园土壤酸化,提高土壤养分含量,改善微生物群落结构和功能多样性,有利于柑橘园土壤生态健康和可持续利用。     

三峡库区紫色土旱坡地桑树配置模式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响

为探讨评价三峡库区紫色土旱坡地土壤肥力及土壤质量的生物学指标,本试验研究了三峡库区典型水土保育模式——桑树护坡对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响。试验共设横坡农作、双边桑树+横坡农作、等高桑树+双边桑树+横坡农作及四边桑树+等高桑树+横坡农作4个处理。结果表明,不同坡长及桑树布局间土壤微生物生物量碳氮差异显著;双边桑树+横坡农作处理能够显著降低土壤微生物生物量氮对土壤氮库的贡献,使土壤微生物生物量碳平均提高23.43 mg·kg-1;而四边桑树+等高桑树+横坡农作处理却能够显著降低土壤微生物商,使土壤微生物生物量氮平均提高21.81 mg·kg-1。此外,在横坡农作处理中土壤微生物生物量碳氮与土壤碳氮具有极显著相关性,而在旱坡地桑树系统中,土壤微生物生物量碳氮与土壤碳氮相关性大多不显著。由此可知,旱坡地农桑配置模式在一定程度上可以提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,但不同桑树布局对土壤微生物生物量碳氮在三峡库区紫色土旱坡地桑树系统中的维持能力并不一致,将微生物生物量碳氮作为紫色土旱坡地土壤质量演变的评价指标值得商榷。     

重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

通过野外土样采集及室内测定,研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,并采用盆栽试验研究了重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,距离矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效N、P、K的含量、土壤pH值亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量C和N受到的抑制程度也增强,其中土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。盆栽试验中,Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染使白菜(Brassica rapapekinensis)生物量明显下降,且随复合污染程度的增加,白菜生物量下降幅度增加。Cd与Zn、Cu、Pb,Zn与Cd、Cu、Pb,Cu与Cd、Zn、Pb的复合效应机制为协同效应,而Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu的复合效应机制为拮抗效应。重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性显著降低,但低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量C和N。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量及微生物生物量C和N的复合效应机制表现出协同和拮抗效应。     

典型血吸虫病疫区河滩地五氯酚污染土壤微生物特征——以松滋老陈镇庙河为例

采用现场采样及室内分析方法,对长期施用五氯酚（PCP）作为钉螺杀灭剂的典型血吸虫病流行疫区河滩地的土壤微生物特征进行了初步调查研究。结果表明,长期大量施用PCP对河滩裸地土壤微生物种群造成了一定程度的伤害,降低了微生物的总体活性;而种植杨树有利于恢复土壤微生物生物量碳,对修复PCP污染土壤有一定的促进作用。Biolog结果显示土壤微生物利用单一碳源能力的大小顺序为杨树林地〉对照〉河滩裸地,表明有机污染在一定程度上抑制了土壤微生物的生长。主成分分析显示对照、杨树林与河滩裸地的碳源利用能力差异显著,表明PCP污染对微生物的碳源利用造成了显著影响。土壤微生物对不同种类碳源利用计算结果表明,种植杨树导致林地土壤环境条件发生变化,杨树林地土壤微生物对碳源的利用也发生了明显变化。     

添加秸秆碳源对土壤微生物生物量和原生动物丰富度的影响

为了研究引入秸秆碳源对根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)病害严重土壤中微生物生物量和原生动物的影响, 以番茄为供试作物, 设置4个梯度的小麦秸秆添加量[CK(0 g·kg^-1), 1N(2.08 g·kg^-1)、2N(4.16 g·kg^-1)和4N(8.32 g·kg^-1)], 研究不同种植时间(6个月和4个月)下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰度的变化。研究结果表明: 添加秸秆对微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰富度有明显促进作用, 添加的秸秆量越多, 这种促进作用越明显。不同秸秆添加量处理中, 微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰度为: 4N>2N>1N>CK。秸秆对原生动物的群落结构也有显著影响, 在各处理中, 鞭毛虫和肉足虫占有绝大比例, 分别占总丰度的29.44%和66.19%, 纤毛虫仅占4.37%。在相同添加秸秆量条件下, 土壤原生动物丰度随种植时间的延长而提高, 而微生物生物量碳、氮量随种植时间的延长而降低。而在种植时间相同条件下, 随着秸秆量的增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮量和微生物生物量碳氮比和原生动物总丰度相应增加。     

甘肃中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作对土壤化学和生物学性质的影响

甘肃中部沿黄灌区是全国重要的加工型马铃薯和种薯生产基地,但集约化种植带来的连作障碍问题已严重影响到产业的健康发展。设置不同连作年限(0~5年)马铃薯种植处理,通过田间试验评估连作对土壤化学和生物学性质的影响,探讨马铃薯连作的土壤障碍因子。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量随连作年限延长逐渐降低,而碱解氮和速效钾含量以及电导率与之相反;连作显著增加土壤速效磷含量,但对全氮含量、碳氮比和p H无明显影响。长期连作(3~5年)较非连作(0年)土壤平均酶活性显著降低33.07%~61.78%,脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性亦随连作年限延长逐渐降低。长期连作降低土壤微生物生物量碳含量,土壤基础呼吸量和FDA水解活性与连作年限呈极显著负相关。Biolog ECO分析显示,长期连作显著降低土壤微生物总活性和功能多样性,Shannon多样性指数较非连作降低11.75%~13.65%。碳源利用图谱分析表明,连作明显改变土壤微生物群落结构,碳水化合物是区分不同连作年限土壤微生物群落结构差异的最敏感碳源类型;长期连作显著降低土壤微生物对碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和胺类碳源的相对利用率,且土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用呈现集中化的趋势。线性逐步回归分析和通径分析表明,土壤微生物群落结构、微生物生物量碳、全氮和脱氢酶对块茎产量有显著影响,以微生物群落结构贡献最大,微生物生物量碳次之。土壤微生物因子变化可能是导致甘肃中部沿黄灌区马铃薯连作障碍发生的重要原因。     

冀北辽河源油松天然林土壤微生物碳代谢特征研究

本文以冀北辽河源地区不同林龄油松天然林为研究对象,研究其土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸及微生物代谢熵随油松林龄的变化趋势。结果表明:随着油松天然林林龄的增加,土壤微生物生物量碳逐渐增加;而土壤微生物呼吸则呈现出先减小后增加的趋势;微生物代谢熵表现为随油松林林龄的增加而降低。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸分别与微生物代谢熵之间呈现高度的极显著线性负相关。微生物生物量碳与微生物呼吸呈极显著正相关,但线性相关程度较弱。土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸与土壤温度和含水量均呈极显著正相关,而土壤微生物代谢熵则与土壤温度、土壤含水量呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明,在冀北辽河源地区,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸、微生物代谢熵与油松天然林林龄密切相关。随着油松天然林林龄的增加,其土壤微生物活性增强,碳代谢效率增加,土壤质量及可持续利用潜力更高,土壤生态体系更加成熟。     

玉米秸秆覆盖还田量对黑土微生物碳代谢活性与多样性的影响

  目的  针对东北黑土区长期集约化耕作导致的土壤退化问题,开展不同秸秆覆盖还田量对土壤微生物碳代谢特征的影响及其驱动因素的研究。  方法  采用MicroRespTM方法结合土壤碳氮含量等理化性质,测定土壤微生物碳代谢能力及其影响因素,使用Past v2.16、Canoco 5.0等软件对微生物群落功能多样性、结构差异以及土壤理化性质和微生物群落碳代谢特征间的关系进行分析。  结果  秸秆连续覆盖还田14年后,土壤微生物对羧酸类与氨基酸类碳源的代谢活性显著降低,但对外源碳底物的代谢多样性显著增强。67%和100%秸秆还田显著改变了土壤微生物群落碳源代谢结构,100%秸秆还田下微生物对芳香酸类碳源的相对代谢活性提高。土壤微生物对碳源的代谢活性主要与土壤碳氮含量显著相关,土壤可溶性碳与碱解氮含量分别是影响土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性和结构的主要理化因子。  结论  长期秸秆还田可以通过降低土壤微生物对易利用碳源的代谢需求、提高对碳源的代谢多样性而改善免耕土壤微生物碳代谢功能。本研究可为优化东北黑土区保护性耕作管理模式、促进该地区农业可持续发展提供微生物学参考。     

肥际氮素浓度下添加不同碳源对水稻土微生物特性的影响

研究肥际氮素浓度下添加不同碳源后微生物的变化特征,对于了解不同活性碳源对肥际养分浓度下氮素转化和调控作用以及提高氮素利用率等具有重要意义。采集我国亚热带地区典型的水稻土,模拟肥际氮素浓度,设置不同硫铵用量和葡萄糖、纤维素或木质素碳源添加处理,进行室内培养试验,研究了各处理土壤微生物生物量碳氮、矿化及微生物群落功能多样性的变化。结果表明,在培养7天和35天,高氮素用量下与不添加碳源处理相比,添加葡萄糖、纤维素和木质素各处理土壤微生物生物量碳分别增加5.0%～126.8%、17.5%～210.9%和14.7%～210.0%,微生物生物量氮分别增加-5.4%～109.3%、32.0%～173.1%和-14.2%～194.8%(负数表示减少)。而中等和常量氮素条件下添加这3种碳源,土壤微生物生物量碳氮也呈增加趋势。肥际氮素各浓度下添加葡萄糖处理CO2释放量最多,其次是添加纤维素,最后是添加木质素。BIOLOG分析显示,高、中氮素用量下,平均吸光值(AWCD)、Shannon、Simpson和McIntosh指数都较低,添加3种碳源处理后均有提高,而单独添加不同碳源及添加常量氮素和碳源处理,AWCD值和微生物功能多样性指数水平较高。较高的肥际氮素浓度下添加葡萄糖、纤维素或木质素可提高土壤微生物活性。在当前大量施无机氮肥的条件下,注重有机物的配合施用,有利于减小氮素损失的风险。     

氯氰菊酯与铜复合污染对土壤微生物群落的影响

采用常规手段研究了土壤在受氯氰菊酯、铜及二者复合污染后土壤呼吸率及微生物量碳的变化,采用了分离效果较好的双变性梯度凝胶电泳（DG—DGGE）技术研究微生物群落的变化。结果表明,低浓度的铜与高浓度的氯氰菊酯复合污染更能促进微生物量碳及土壤呼吸率的增加,微生物的群落结构也会受到明显影响。而两种污染物分别单独作用时,铜对微生物的胁迫更大,有铜组和无铜组在DGGE条带上差异较大,Shannon指数上也有明显不同。当铜的浓度较高时,加入高浓度的氯氰菊酯在较长的时间后（60d）对土壤呼吸作用、微生物量碳有一定影响,可能高浓度氯氰菊酯的加入在一定程度上减弱了高浓度铜对微生物的胁迫,而微生物群落并无显著的变化。     

典型设施菜地中土壤微生物代谢功能多样性

土壤微生物代谢功能多样性是维持土壤生态系统健康的关键。为评价设施蔬菜种植对土壤微生物代谢功能多样性的影响,采用Biolog-Eco微平板法,研究了2个典型设施蔬菜种植市、不同种植年限设施菜地中土壤微生物代谢功能多样性,分析了与碳源利用相关的细菌群落及影响因子。结果表明：两地设施菜地土壤中平均颜色变化率（Average well color development,AWCD）、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数随着种植年限的增加而降低,但安丘种植14 a和寿光种植10 a菜地土壤不符合此规律。主成分分析发现,两地之间土壤微生物对碳源利用的差异大于不同种植年限之间的差异。相关分析发现,在安丘土壤中,11种碳源（分属糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和聚合物类）与不同门细菌显著相关（P<0.05）;Firmicutes是与碳源相关种类最多的细菌,与9种碳源显著相关（P<0.05）。在寿光土壤中,16种碳源（分属糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、聚合物类、酚类和胺类）与不同门细菌显著相关（P<0.05）;Latescibacteria是与碳源相关种类最多的细菌,与4种碳源显著相关（P<0.05）。冗余分析发现,Cd是影响安丘土壤微生物碳源利用的最强环境因子,其负作用显著（P<0.01）,有机质（OM）的正作用为显著（P<0.01）。Zn、OM、Cd对寿光土壤微生物碳源利用的负作用显著（P<0.05）,As、pH值的正作用显著（P<0.05）。设施蔬菜长期种植导致土壤微生物代谢功能多样性持续降低,土壤生物质量退化,亟需采取有效耕作措施改善土壤微生态环境,保障设施菜地土壤健康。     

Does microbial habitat or community structure drive the functional stability of microbes to stresses following re-vegetation of a severely degraded soil?

Re-vegetation of eroded soil restores organic carbon concentrations and improves the physical stability of the soil, which may then extend the range of microhabitats and influence soil microbial activity and functional stability through its effects on soil bacterial community structure. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the restorative effect of re-vegetation on soil physical stability, microbial activity and bacterial community structure; (ii) to examine the effects of soil physical microhabitats on bacterial community structure and diversity and on soil microbial functional stability. Soil samples were collected from an 18-year-old eroded bare soil restored with either Cinnamomum camphora (“Eroded Cc”) or Lespedeza bicolour (“Eroded Lb”). An uneroded soil planted with Pinus massoniana (“Uneroded Pm”) and an eroded bare soil served as references. The effect of microhabitats was assessed by physical destruction with a wet shaking treatment. Soil bacterial community structure and diversity were measured using a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach, while soil microbiological stability (resistance and resilience) was determined by measuring short-term (28 days) decomposition rate of added barley (Hordeum vulgare) powder following copper and heat perturbations. The results demonstrated that re-vegetation treatment affected the recovery of physical and biological stability, microbial decomposition and the bacterial community structure. Although the restored soils overshot the Uneroded Pm sample in physical stability, they had lower microbial decomposition and less resilience to copper and heat perturbations than the Uneroded Pm samples. Soil physical destruction by shaking had the same effect on soil physical stability, but different effects on soil microbial functional stability. There were significant effects of vegetation treatment and perturbation type, and interactive effects among vegetation treatment, shaking and perturbation type on bacterial community structure. The destruction of aggregate structure increased resilience of the Eroded Lb sample and also altered its bacterial community structure. Both copper and heat perturbations resulted in significantly different community structure from the unperturbed controls, with a larger effect of copper than heat perturbation. Bacterial diversity (Shannon index) increased following the perturbations, with a more profound effect in the Uneroded Pm sample than in the restored soils. The interactive effects of vegetation treatment and shaking on microbial community and stability suggest that soil aggregation may contribute to the generation of bacterial community structure and mediation of biological stability via the protection afforded by soil organic carbon. Differential effects of re-vegetation treatment suggest that the long-term effects are mediated through changes in the quality and quantity of C inputs to soil.     

Bacterial and fungal response to nitrogen fertilization in three coniferous forest soils

Forest soil carbon (C) pools may act as sinks for, or sources of, atmospheric carbon dioxide, while nitrogen (N) fertilization may affect the net exchange of C in forest ecosystems. Since all major C and N processes in soil are driven by soil microorganisms, we evaluated the effects of N fertilization on biomass and bacterial and fungal activity in soils from three Norway spruce forests with different climatic and N availability conditions. N deposition and net N mineralization were higher at the sites in southern Sweden than at the site in northern Sweden. We also studied the extent to which N fertilization altered the nutrient(s) limiting bacterial growth in soil. We found that on average microbial biomass was reduced by ～40% and microbial activity by ～30% in fertilized plots. Bacterial growth rates were more negatively affected by fertilization than fungal growth rates, while fungal biomass (estimated using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 18:2ω6,9) decreased more than bacterial biomass as a consequence of fertilization. The microbial community structure (indicated by the PLFA pattern) was changed by fertilization, but not in the same way at the three sites. Soil bacteria were limited by a lack of carbon in all forests, with the carbon limitation becoming more evident in fertilized plots, especially in the forests that had previously been the most N-limited ones. This study thus showed that the effects of N fertilization differed depending on the conditions at the site prior to fertilization.     

Hydrochar amendment promotes microbial immobilization of mineral nitrogen

Hydrochars and biochars are products of the carbonization of biomass in different conversion processes. Both are considered suitable soil amendments, though they differ greatly in chemical and physical composition (e.g., aromaticity, inner surface area) due to the different production processes (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization), thus affecting their degradability in soil. Depending on the type, char application may provide soil microorganisms with more (hydrochars) or less (biochars) accessible C sources, thus resulting in the incorporation of nitrogen (N) into microbial biomass. A soil‐incubation experiment was conducted for 8 weeks to determine the relationship between mineral‐N concentration in the soil solution and microbial‐biomass development as well as soil respiration. An arable topsoil was amended with two hydrochars from feedstocks with different total N contents. Biochars from the same feedstocks were used for comparison. Both char amendments significantly decreased mineral‐N concentration and promoted microbial biomass compared to the nonamended control, but the effects were much stronger for hydrochar. Hydrochar application increased soil respiration significantly during the first week of incubation, simultaneous with the strongest decrease in mineral‐N concentration in the soil and an increase in microbial biomass. The amount of N detected in the microbial biomass in the hydrochar treatments accounted for the mineral N “lost” from the soil during incubation. This shows that microbial immobilization is the main sink for decreasing mineral‐N concentrations after hydrochar application. However, this does not apply to biochar, since the amount of N recovered in microorganisms was much lower than the decrease in soil mineral‐N concentration. Our results demonstrate that while both chars are suitable soil amendments, their properties need to be considered to match the application purpose (C sequestration, organic fertilizer).     

尿素向氨基糖的转化以及对土壤氨基糖库动态的影响

采用13CO(NH2)2为底物进行黑土培养实验,利用气相色谱/质谱技术测定土壤中三种氨基糖含量以及同位素富集比例,根据其微生物标识物作用探讨土壤中不同微生物群落对于尿素碳的同化利用特征及黑土氨基糖库对于尿素添加的响应。研究结果表明,尿素碳可以被土壤微生物同化利用,但是可利用性显著低于葡萄糖。氨基葡萄糖中13C富集比例显著高于胞壁酸,表明真菌对尿素碳的同化能力高于细菌。尿素添加使土壤有机碳含量有所下降,同时土壤氨基糖总量及其与有机碳的相对比例也显著降低,说明在碳源严重受限条件下,氨基糖可被优先分解利用以补充碳源供给。胞壁酸含量虽低,但其调节并平衡碳氮元素供给与需求的能力较强;氨基葡萄糖稳定性高于胞壁酸,但在碳源缺乏时也可部分分解。土壤氨基糖的动态与土壤碳氮的可利用性及其耦合作用密切相关,在平衡土壤碳氮需求方面具有一定的调节作用。     

The combined effects of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a calcareous soil spiked with cadmium

Earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to independently affect soil microbial and biochemical properties, in particular soil microbial biomass (SMB) and enzymes. However, less information is available about their interactive effects, particularly in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). The amount of soil microbial biomass C (MBC), the rate of soil respiration (SRR) and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in a calcareous soil artificially spiked with Cd (10 and 20 mg Cd kg⁻¹), inoculated with earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus L.), and AMF (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae species) under maize (Zea mays L.) crop for 60 days. Results showed that the quantity of MBC, SRR and enzyme activities decreased with increasing Cd levels as a result of the elevated exchangeable Cd concentration. Earthworm addition increased soil exchangeable Cd levels, while AMF and their interaction with earthworms had no influence on this fraction of Cd. Earthworm activity resulted in no change in soil MBC, while inoculation with both AMF species significantly enhanced soil MBC contents. However, the presence of earthworms lowered soil MBC when inoculated with G. mosseae fungi, showing an interaction between the two organisms. Soil enzyme activities and SRR values tended to increase considerably with the inoculation of both earthworms and AMF. Nevertheless, earthworm activity did not affect ALP activity when inoculated with G. mosseae fungi, while the presence of earthworm enhanced urease activity only with G. intraradices species. The increases in enzyme activities and SRR were better ascribed to changes in soil organic carbon (OC), MBC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents. In summary, results demonstrated that the influence of earthworms alone on Cd availability is more important than that of AMF in Cd-polluted soils; and that the interaction effects between these organisms on soil microorganism are much more important than on Cd availability. Thus, the presence of both earthworms and AMF could alleviate Cd effects on soil microbial life.     

阿特拉津对我国东北半干旱区黑钙土微生物活性影响研究

按照0.5～800 μg·g^-1 soil 施入量添加阿特拉津到黑钙土中培养54 d进行实验室培养试验,研究了阿特拉津对我国东北半干旱区黑钙土微生物量碳、土壤碳及氮矿化量、脲酶和脱氢酶活性影响。结果表明,阿特拉津添加到土壤中后,显著提高了（P〈0.05）土壤微生物量碳,增加了土壤碳及氮矿化量,提高土壤脱氢酶活性;多数情况下,各培养时间添加阿特拉津各处理间土壤脲酶活性的差异未达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。由此得出结论：土壤脱氢酶活性、土壤微生物量碳和土壤碳矿化量及氮矿化量是对阿特拉津处理土壤较敏感的生物学指标,适合作为半干旱区黑钙土微生物活性对阿特拉津响应的参数;而土壤脲酶活性不适合作为半干旱区黑钙土土壤微生物活性的指标,因为它不能敏感地反映阿特拉津作用下土壤脲酶活性差异。