基于旋耕玉米秸秆还田条件下土壤微生物、酶及速效养分的动态特征

为研究旋耕条件下秸秆还田的腐解机理,设置不同数量秸秆还田处理,分别于玉米拔节期、抽雄期、乳熟中期、完熟期测定土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和速效养分含量。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田促进土壤微生物繁殖,提高土壤酶活性,增加碱解氮含量,降低速效磷和速效钾含量;秸秆量为11 250kg/hm~2时真菌、细菌、放线菌数量及蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性增幅最大;秸秆量为7 500kg/hm~2时脲酶、磷酸酶活性和碱解氮增幅最大,速效磷、速效钾降幅最大。(2)部分土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之间存在相关性,播种后40天,土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量、纤维素酶活性之间存在正相关,真菌与磷酸酶活性呈负相关;播种后67天,放线菌与磷酸酶、蔗糖酶呈正相关;播种后140天,放线菌与蔗糖酶呈正相关。(3)部分土壤酶活性之间存在相关性,播种后67天,脲酶与纤维素酶、磷酸酶与蔗糖酶之间呈正相关;播种后140天,蔗糖酶与纤维素酶呈正相关,脲酶与蔗糖酶、纤维素酶呈负相关。(4)土壤酶活性与速效养分存在相关性,播种后40,112天的脲酶、67天的纤维素酶、112,140天的磷酸酶与碱解氮含量呈正相关;播种后40天,蔗糖酶与速效钾呈正相关,播种后40,67,112天脲酶活性与速效钾含量呈负相关。(5)碱解氮与速效磷含量呈负相关,播种后40,112,140天的碱解氮与速效钾含量呈负相关。     

设施土壤微生物结构和酶活性对减量化肥配施有机肥的响应

通过两年三季田间定位小区试验,研究减量20%化肥配施精制有机肥(COF)、减量20%化肥配施生物有机肥(CBIO)、常规施肥(CCF,100%NPK)和不施肥(CK)处理对设施菊花产量、土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响。结果表明,连续种植3季后,与CK处理相比,CCF、COF和CBIO处理均显著提高了设施菊花产量、产值、土壤养分含量和酶活性,并改变了土壤微生物区系。与CCF处理相比,COF和CBIO处理均显著增加了土壤细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌值,并降低了真菌数量,且CBIO处理还显著提高了土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶活性并稳定提升土壤酶活性,同时显著提高了设施菊花产量和产值,连续效应明显。CBIO处理的设施菊花产值、土壤碱解氮、速效钾和脲酶活性均显著高于COF处理。除蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性仅受施肥处理影响外,土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶活性和土壤微生物数量均受种植时间和施肥处理的交互作用影响,但主要受施肥处理影响。减量化肥配施生物有机肥对于提高作物产量,调控土壤微生物区系和提升土壤肥力作用显著,有利于土壤微生物态环境的发展。     

不同种养废弃物还田对复垦宅基地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响

以成都平原复垦宅基地土壤为对象,研究3类种养废弃物(秸秆、猪粪和菌渣)与化肥配施下土壤酶活性、微生物数量的动态变化及其相关性。结果表明:(1)3类"种养废弃物+化肥"配施相比空白(CK)和常规施肥(CF)方式,均能显著提高复垦宅基地土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性。(2)小麦成熟期,0—20,20—40cm土层土壤微生物总数分别在猪粪还田(MCF)和菌渣还田(FCF)下达到最大值26.89×10~6 cfu/g和17.82×10~6 cfu/g。MCF和FCF处理下3种微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)数量都显著高于SCF处理,但MCF和FCF处理之间基本无显著差异。(3)归一化的土壤酶活性值除在0—20cm土层MCF处理达到最高值0.140外,其余均在FCF处理下达到最大。在小麦成熟期,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性基本呈现出FCFSCFMCF的规律(除0—20cm土层土壤脲酶)。(4)5种处理下的土壤酶活性、微生物数量、土壤有机碳及全氮之间均表现出显著相关。(5)0—20cm土层种养废弃物配施处理下微生物数量、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内呈倒"U"型变化趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈不断上升的趋势;20—40cm土层微生物数量和土壤酶活大致呈递增趋势。(6)综合分析表明,"菌渣+化肥"配施处理(FCF)为成都平原复垦宅基地土壤培肥较适宜方式。     

不同施肥处理对梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

通过连续3 a (2014—2017年)的田间试验,以10 a生梁平柚为研究对象,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(CF+OF)和单施有机肥(OF)下梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在不同施肥处理中,CF+OF、OF和CF的单果重均无显著性差异(P0.05),但CF+OF的柚子单株果实数最高,柚子产量分别高出OF、CF和CK 8.2%、31.2%和11.82%;CF+OF处理中,柚子果实中的果汁含量、总糖、游离氨基酸和维生素C比CK分别提高20.40%、18.95%、64.34%和27.06%,而柚子果皮厚度、种子数和总酸度显著降低,品质改善;施肥显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,在不同施肥处理中,微生物生物量碳氮比介于7.39～13.89,且差异显著(P0.05)。CF+OF处理中,柚子成熟期土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌数量显著高于或相似于单施化肥,说明化肥和有机肥配施能促进微生物生长繁殖,协调土壤养分供应,改善柚子营养。虽然不同施肥处理对土壤pH无显著影响(P0.05),但是与CK相比,OF和CF+OF处理有机质和速效钾含量增加,CF处理无显著差异(P0.05);CF、OF和CF+OF处理有效磷含量分别比CK增加6.53%、22.74%和34.72%,且差异显著(P0.05);CF+OF碱解氮含量最高,CF和OF次之,CK最低。此外,有机无机配施还可提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,有益于土壤有机质循环、氮磷养分转化、活性氧消除。总之,在不同施肥处理中,有机无机配施显著提高柚子产量,品质得到明显改善,且土壤养分供应协调,土壤微生物数量增加,土壤酶活性增强,有益于土壤养分转化和保持健康。因此,在梁平柚施肥中,提倡有机无机配施很有必要。     

长期培肥对烤烟-小麦轮作红壤各级团聚体氮及其酶活性的影响

以云南省烟草农业科学研究院研和试验基地13年长期定位试验为平台,以化肥配施有机肥(CFM)、单施化肥(FM)和不施肥(CK,对照)3种处理土壤为研究材料,利用干筛法分离土壤团聚体,研究长期培肥对烤烟-小麦轮作红壤团聚体、有机质、氮含量、酶活性的影响及其相关性。结果表明:长期化肥配施有机肥有利于大团聚体的形成,2～1mm团聚体土壤的分配率显著高于单施化肥和对照;使耕层土壤有机质、各形态氮(全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮和铵态氮)及酶活性大幅度改善,并且,除硝态氮以外,各级团聚体土壤有机质及各形态氮含量变化趋势为CFM>CF>CK;化肥配施有机肥各级团聚体土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性明显高于单施化肥和对照,其中脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机质和4种形态氮呈显著正相关,蛋白酶和脱氢酶与上述营养呈负相关,但不显著。化肥配施有机肥有利于增加土壤大团聚体的分配率,提高土壤有机质、全氮及碱解氮等的含量及酶活性,对烤烟、小麦生长意义重大。     

施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤酶活性和微生物的影响

研究了施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照和单施无机肥相比,施用堆肥能够提高芥菜生物量,增加根际土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,各处理微生物数量均在收获期达到最大值;同时,施用堆肥能够显著提高芥菜根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的活性。各土壤酶在芥菜的生长期内变化趋势不同,脲酶活性在收获期达到最高;化肥与堆肥配施蔗糖酶活性在整个生长期内较稳定,其他处理均在收获期最低;过氧化氢酶活性在前期比较稳定,收获期有较大幅度下降;纤维素酶活性在旺长期较高,而苗期和收获期较低。相关性分析表明,部分土壤酶活性之间呈显著或极显著正相关;酶活性与土壤微生物数量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤酶活性与微生物能够较好地反映土壤肥力水平。     

宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变

采用常规方法研究了宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯不同连作年限土壤养分、酶活性及微生物区系组成的演变趋势。结果表明,宁南黄土丘陵区土壤有机质及全氮与土壤微生物数量和酶活性均呈显著正相关;马铃薯连作4年引起土壤有机质、全氮、全磷及全盐含量显著下降,而土壤pH、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著增加;试验区土壤微生物区系组成中细菌占微生物总量的80%以上;随连作年限的延长,土壤真菌比例逐渐上升,土壤放线菌比例有较大幅度提高,而土壤细菌比例则明显下降。逐步回归分析表明,脲酶、蔗糖酶、真菌、放线菌和细菌都与土壤有机质、全氮及速效氮显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性显著负相关;全磷及速效磷只和磷酸酶极显著正相关;土壤pH与脲酶、蔗糖酶及细菌均呈显著或极显著负相关;脲酶与蔗糖酶及细菌、放线菌和真菌之间均呈显著或极显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶极显著负相关。马铃薯连作不仅加重土壤养分亏缺,土壤理化性状恶化,而且导致过氧化氢酶活性显著增加,土壤微生物区系组成发生改变。     

蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施对土壤肥力及微生物特性的影响

基于等量养分条件,本试验研究了蚯蚓堆肥与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(X)和荧光假单胞菌(Y)两株不同功能益生菌配施对西瓜地土壤肥力和微生物特性的影响。结果表明,不论添加益生菌与否,蚯蚓堆肥较单施化肥或常规堆肥均提高了土壤速效养分含量,显著增加了土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性,其中土壤NO_3~–-N含量较常规堆肥提高了14.7%。益生菌的添加活化了土壤养分,增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌数量,降低了土壤真菌数量,同时显著提高了土壤酶活性。各处理比较而言,蚯蚓堆肥配施益生菌在土壤速效养分含量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤酶活性上提升作用最为明显,其中蚯蚓堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(VCXY)的土壤细菌数量和蔗糖酶活性相较于常规堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(CDXY)分别提高了32.0%和14.4%。方差分析结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥和常规堆肥与益生菌在土壤速效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳、细菌数量、真菌数量、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性上存在显著交互作用。综上所述,蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施可显著促进土壤肥力和微生物活性的改善,可替代部分化肥用于设施蔬菜的绿色生产和土壤培肥。     

稻草原位还田对双季稻田土壤理化与生物学性状的影响

于2010-2011年通过大田试验研究等量施肥条件下稻草不同原位还田方式(稻草全量还田、稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田)对双季稻田土壤理化特性和生物学性状的影响.结果表明:稻草全量还田2年(4季)有利于改善土壤物理性状和提高耕作层土壤有机质、不同形态碳素、碱解氮、速效氮和缓效钾含量.土壤中3大类微生物总量以稻草还田处理大于稻草不还田和稻草烧灰还田,其土壤细菌、真菌的数量增加,而放线菌的数量减少;土壤蔗糖酶活性明显增加,而脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化不大.土壤脲酶活性与土壤全氮含量呈显著相关,蔗糖酶活性与有机质、全氮含量呈显著或极显著相关,过氧化氢酶活性与全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量呈显著或极显著相关.     

日光温室土壤生物学特性与施肥的关系

采用田间试验研究施肥对日光温室土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性的影响．结果表明，施用有机肥和叶面追肥增加了土壤细菌数量；施用化肥和沼肥增加了真菌的数量，施用有机肥降低了真菌的数量；施肥增加了放线菌的数量。施肥提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性，但对过氧化氢酶影响较小。施用有机肥提高了脲酶和磷酸酶活性，化肥和沼肥对脲酶和磷酸酶活性影响无很大差异。     

长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响

【目的】微生物是土壤的重要组成分,与土壤养分转化供应密切相关。本研究利用12年肥料定位试验研究了云南植烟土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳氮、标记性磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）、微生物种群特征及有益微生物的变化。【方法】试验设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）和化肥配施有机肥（CFM）处理,在烟株旺长期,采集020 cm耕作层土壤,测定了微生物量碳、氮含量,微生物标记磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）含量和可培养微生物数量;鉴定自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌的数量;根据PLFAs计算了微生物种群特征值。【结果】有机无机肥配施处理的土壤中,可培养细菌比不施肥土壤增加了6.14倍、 真菌增加了2.30倍、 放线菌增加了1.56倍,增幅显著高于化肥处理;施肥显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮量。化肥和有机无机肥配合处理土壤的微生物量碳分别比CK增加了71.8%和246%;不同施肥处理土壤微生物量碳/氮比值显著不同,分别为14.8（CK）、13.3（CF）和11.2（CFM）。微生物标记性PLFAs含量以化肥有机肥配合处理最高,化肥处理次之,CK最低。化肥、化肥配施有机肥处理土壤细菌PLFAs比对照分别增加了25.41%和87.66%,真菌PLFAs分别增加了15.59%和39.24%,化肥处理代表放线菌的PLFAs降低了24.63%,化肥配施有机肥处理增加了83.86%,表明施肥尤其是化肥配施有机肥改善了土壤环境,促进了微生物的生长繁殖,并改变了土壤微生物种群结构;施肥处理土壤中微生物群落多样性指数上升,化肥处理还提高了微生物的优势度指数,说明施肥有益于增加微生物的种群数量, 化肥配施有机肥处理显著提高了无机磷细菌和钾细菌的数量,两者分别比对照增加了1.15倍和1.02倍,化肥处理则相反,自生固氮菌和无机磷细菌数量分别比CK降低了56.69%和41.30%;化肥配施有机肥处理土壤中的自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌共有20个属,CK土壤有19个属,化肥处理土壤仅16个属。 【结论】CFM促进微生物生长繁殖,增加种群多样性,有益于微生物固氮、溶磷、解钾,对于提高肥料利用率和保持土壤健康有重要意义。在烟叶栽培过程中,提倡化肥与有机肥配合施用很有必要。     

Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population

Abstract

After cultivating 24 crops of vegetables for three consecutive years in a greenhouse, the effects of different application rates of compost (Rate 1, 270 kg N ha^?1 y^?1; Rate 2, 540 kg N ha^?1 y^?1; Rate 3, 810 kg N ha^?1 y^?1; Rate 4, 1,080 kg N ha^?1 y^?1) were compared with the effects of chemical fertilizer (CF) and no application of fertilizer treatments (CK) for some selected soil chemical properties, microbial populations and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, urease, arysulphatase, and acid and alkaline phosphatases). The results show that the pH, electrical conductivity, concentrations of total nitrogen (N) and the organic matter received from compost treatment were generally higher than those received through CF treatment. The soil microbial biomass, populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, as well as soil enzyme activities increased significantly in the compost-treated soils compared with the CF-treated soil. In most instances, no significant increase was observed in the enzymatic activities studied for compost applications higher than a Rate 2 treatment. However, all enzymatic activities examined showed significant linear correlations with the organic matter contents of the soils. The vegetable yield reached its highest level at the Rate 2 treatment and declined or leveled off in the higher treatments, implying that a high application rate of compost cannot further increase the crop yield after the soil fertility has been established. High organic matter content in the soil was found to alleviate the adverse effect of soluble salts on vegetable growth. In conclusion, an application rate of compost at Rate 2, 540 kg N ha^?1 y^?1, is adequate on the basis of vegetable yields and soil chemical, biochemical and enzymatic properties in greenhouse cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions.     

Soil microbial biomass,crop yields,and bacterial community structure as affected by long-term fertilizer treatments under wheat-rice cropping

Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN), soil microbial community structure, and crop yields were studied in a long-term (1982–2004) fertilization experiment carried out in Suining, Sichuan province of PR China. Eight treatments included three chemical fertilizer (CF) treatments (N, NP, NPK), three CF + farmyard manure (M) treatments (NM, NPM, NPKM), M alone and no fertilizer (CK) as control. The results showed that the soil microbial biomass was higher in soil treated with CFM than in soil treated with CF alone, and that NPKM gave the highest rice and wheat yields. The SMBC and SMBN were higher after rice than those after wheat cropping. SMBC correlated closely with soil organic matter. Average yields of wheat and rice for 22 years were higher and more stable in the fertilized plots than in control plots. Bacterial community structure was analyzed by PCR-DGGE targeting eubacterial 16S rRNA genes. A higher diversity of the soil bacterial community was found in soil amended with CFM than in other fertilizer treatments. Some specific band emerged in the soil amended with M. The highest diversity of bacterial communities was found in the NPKM treated soil. The bacterial community structures differed in rice and wheat plots. Sequencing of PCR products separated in DGGE showed that some of the common and dominant bands were closely related to Aquicella lusitana and to Acidobacteria. This study demonstrated that mixed application of N, P, and K with additional M amendment increased soil microbial biomass, diversified the bacterial communities and maintained the crop production in the Calcareous Purplish Paddy soil.     

稻—油轮作下有机替代对土壤胞外酶活性及多功能性的影响

通过田间定位试验,研究有机肥替代部分化肥对稻—油轮作体系下土壤胞外酶活性及多功能性的影响,为稻—油轮作体系土壤培肥和合理施肥提供理论依据。试验基于总养分替代原则,以不施肥为对照(CK),设置全量化肥(CF)、有机肥替代20%化肥(CFM1)及有机肥替代40%化肥(CFM2)处理,测定土壤化学性质、微生物学性质和土壤胞外酶活性,应用多元回归分析探讨土壤性质对土壤胞外酶活性及多功能性的影响。结果表明:与CF处理相比,CFM1、CFM2处理的微生物量碳、氮和土壤呼吸在油菜季平均增加275.27%,41.90%和64.29%;而在水稻季平均增加115.06%,338.32%,60.87%。有机肥替代部分化肥也显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和速效养分含量,增幅为13.25%~95.48%。相比单施化肥,有机肥替代部分化肥显著增加油菜季土壤β—葡糖苷酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、N—乙酰—β—D—氨基葡糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶等碳氮磷循环相关胞外酶活性,增幅为20.33%~140.31%;而在水稻季,只有木聚糖酶活性显著增加,增幅为133.63%~159.86%。油菜季土壤胞外酶活性变化的关键因子为土壤微生物量碳,而水稻季的则为土壤速效磷。相比不施肥和单施化肥,有机肥替代处理显著增加土壤多功能性,油菜季土壤多功能性的主要预测因子和调控因子主要是速效钾和速效氮含量,而水稻季的则为速效磷和微生物量氮。总之,有机肥替代部分化肥有利于土壤养分、土壤胞外酶活性和多功能性提高,是维持作物稳产和保持土壤生物健康的重要措施。     

Effects of Food Waste Compost on Soil Microbial Populations,Tomato Yield,and Tomato Quality

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of food waste compost (FW) on soil microbial population and growth, fruit yield, and quality of tomato grown in a greenhouse compared to no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), decomposed chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM), horse manure (HM), and bull manure (BM). Results show that FW treatment had the greatest numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in soils and shoot biomass, fruit diameter, and fruit yield of tomato, and it increased fruit yield by 12.6, 28.5, 31.0, and 40.0% when compared to HM, CF, CM, and CK, respectively. The FW treatment also improved fruit quality, with the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, and organic acid and the sugar/acid ratio of 22.8 mg 100 g^?1, 3.84%, 0.50%, and 7.73, respectively. Thus food waste compost can be as an alternative to chemical fertilizer and other animal manures in vegetable cultivation.     

Effects of long-term treatments of different organic fertilizers complemented with chemical N fertilizer on the chemical and biological properties of soils

Continuous cultivation has been known to decrease soil organic matter content. Application of organic matter to cultivated soil is an important practice from the point of view of maintaining an adequate amount of soil organic matter. Soil organic matter content significantly affects soil microbial activity, which is an important index of soil quality. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to examine the long-term effects of different kinds of organic matter in combination with inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on chemical and biological properties of soils. There were seven treatments, namely (1) CK (without fertilization), (2) Chem-N (applying chemical N fertilizer only), (3) Comp (applying compost with the same rate of N as the Chem-N treatment), (4) Comp + l/3 N (applying compost complemented with 33% of the chemical N fertilizer of the Chem-N treatment), (5) Comp + 2/3 N (applying compost complemented with 66% of the chemical N fertilizer of the Chem-N treatment), (6) GM + 1/3 N (applying green manure complemented with 33% of the chemical N fertilizer of the Chem-N treatment) and (7) Peat + 1/3 N (applying peat complemented with 33% of the chemical N fertilizer of the Chem-N treatment). After continuous treatment for 12 years and with cultivation of 24 crops on the same area, soils were sampled for analyses of chemical and biological properties, enzymatic activities and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that compared with CK and Chem-N treatments, applications of compost and peat increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content and altered microbial activities and microbial community structure. However, application of green manure for 12 years had no effect on SOC content. Both microbial activities and PLFA profiles were clearly dependent on the characteristics of the applied organic amendments. In summary, a peat application led to the highest increase in SOC content compared to compost and green manure; however, compost-treated soil had a higher microbial population and higher microbial and enzyme activities, while the effects of both green manure and chemical N fertilizer on soil properties were similar.     

EM堆肥对土壤生物影响的研究

长期定点施用EM堆肥试验结果表明:EM有机堆肥能提高土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量;相同有机物料投入水平下,EM堆肥处理的微生物总量最高;随着有机物料投入水平的降低,土壤微生物数量下降;施用EM能提高土壤微生物活性,增加微生物的分布密度。施用EM堆肥土壤蚯蚓数量均显著高于其他施肥处理。EM堆肥各处理平均土壤螨虫数量高,但在相同的有机物料投入水平下,差异不显著。在大部分作物生长期,施EM 15t/hm2处理与化肥处理和对照处理土壤生物总量差异显著。     

微生物菌肥对草原矿区排土场土壤微生物与土壤酶活性的影响

[目的]研究施入微生物菌肥对土壤微生物数量及主要土壤酶活性的影响,为利用微生物菌肥改良草原矿区排土场恶劣土壤环境提供理论依据。[方法]采用完全随机区组设计,设微生物菌肥2种施用方法、3种施用量,对不同施肥处理后土壤中可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量进行测定,分析土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性变化。[结果]施用微生物菌肥土壤中可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量均显著高于未施肥处理(p0.05);施用微生物菌肥土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性比未施肥样地分别增加29.0%,92.6%,25.7%,75.7%;土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量与土壤酶活性之间有一定的相关性;在微生物菌肥沟施法与较大的菌肥施用量作用下土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量较高,土壤酶活性较强。[结论]微生物菌肥添加使草原矿区排土场土壤中微生物菌落数量增加、土壤酶活性增强,施用微生物菌肥改善了原状土壤环境,增加了土壤肥力。