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1.
The genetic diversity and similarities among 32 Kengyilia accessions, distributed to 14 species and one variety were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism
(RAMP) markers. Of the 160 RAMP primer combinations tested, 40 (25%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 264
bands were produced by 40 primer combinations, among which 231 out of 264 bands (87.5%) were polymorphic. Two to 11 polymorphic
bands could be amplified from each primer combination, with an average of 5.8 bands. The data of 264 bands were used for RAMP
assay. By NTSYS-pc program, genetic similarity coefficients were generated and dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. The
genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.477 to 0.965 with the mean of 0.714. The results showed as follows: (1) distinct
genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) the different accessions in a species were clustered together,
respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) the species with similar morphological characters
and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) the lowest genetic similarity
was found between K. hirsuta (PI531618) and K. laxiflora (PI531631), while the highest genetic similarity was observed between K. hirsuta (Y2364) and K. hirsuta (Y2368); (5) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. It is a useful
method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Kengyilia. 相似文献
2.
Ilknur Solmaz Nebahat Sari Yildiz Aka-Kacar N. Yesim Yalcin-Mendi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(5):763-771
Genetic diversity of the Turkish watermelon genetic resources was evaluated using different Citrullus species, wild relatives, foreign landraces, open pollinated (OP) and commercial hybrid cultivars by RAPD markers. The germplasm
was consisted of 303 accessions collected from various geographical regions. Twenty-two of 35 RAPD primers generated a total
of 241 reproducible bands, 146 (60.6%) of which were polymorphic. Based on the RAPD data the genetic similarity coefficients
were calculated and the dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average). Cluster
analysis of the 303 accessions employing RAPD data resulted in a multi-branched dendrogram indicating that most of the Turkish
accessions belonging to var. lanatus of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai were grouped together. Accessions of different Citrullus species and Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo formed distant clusters from C. lanatus var. lanatus. Among 303 accessions, a subset of 56 accessions was selected representing different groups and a second dendrogram was constructed.
The genetic similarity coefficients (GS) within the Turkish accessions were ranged from 0.76 to 1.00 with 0.94 average indicating
that they are closely related. Taken together, our results indicated that low genetic variability exist among the watermelon
genetic resources collected from Turkey contrary to their remarkable phenotypic diversity. 相似文献
3.
S. Ganesh Ram K. T. Parthiban R. Senthil Kumar V. Thiruvengadam M. Paramathma 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):803-809
The genus Jatropha is native of tropical America with more than 200 species that are widely distributed in tropics with a promise for use as
an oil crop for biodiesel. This investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of 12 Jatropha species based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. From 26 random primers used, 18 primers gave reproducible amplification
banding patterns of 112 polymorphic bands out of 134 bands scored accounting for 80.2% polymorphism across the genotypes.
Three primers viz., OPA 4, OPF 11, and OPD 14 generated 100% polymorphic patterns. The polymorphic information content was
highest for the primer OPD 14 (0.50) followed by the primers OPF 11 and OPAD 11 (0.48). Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity
varied from 0.00 to 0.85, indicative of high level of genetic variation among the genotypes studied. UPGMA cluster analysis
indicated three distinct clusters, one comprising all accessions of J. curcas L., while second included six species viz., J. ramanadensis Ramam., J. gossypiifolia L., J. podagrica Hook., J. tanjorensis J. L. Ellis et Saroja J. villosa Wight and J. integerrima Jacq. J. glandulifera Roxb. remained distinct and formed third cluster indicating its higher genetic distinctness from other species. The overall
grouping pattern of clustering corresponds well with principal component analysis confirming patterns of genetic diversity
observed among the species. The result provides valid guidelines for collection, conservation and characterization of Jatropha genetic resources. 相似文献
4.
Polymorphism and Genotype-specific Markers for Dichanthium Identified by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One hundred decamer arbitrary primers were tested for PCR based amplification of seven genotypes (IG2208-S-1, IG2177, IG2180,
IG2178, IG2165-S-1-1, IG2165-1 and Local-1) of an apomictic grass, Dichanthium annulatum, with the aim of screening polymorphic primers and genotype-specific markers. Out of 100 decamer primers tested, 42 produced
no amplification or smeared non scorable bands, 12 amplified only single band and 46 yielded more than one polymorphic bands.
Thirty-two primers out of 46 selected showed high level of polymorphism, producing 3–15 reproducible bands each for the seven
Dichanthium genotypes examined. Among the total of 307 amplified fragments 222 were polymorphic, 53 bands were unique to the genotypes
and 32 were monomorphic. Thus, with selected primers sufficient polymorphism could be detected to allow identification of
individual genotypes. Genetic similarities of RAPD profiles generated were estimated via a coefficient of DICE and then the
data were processed by cluster analysis (UPGMA). The maximum similarities between two genotypes (IG2180 and IG2178) was 58%
and these two made a cluster with genotype IG2177 having similarity of only 54%. It clearly corroborated existence of high
levels of polymorphism in this grass though being apomictic in nature. Primers like OPE-16, OPG-02, OPG-18, OPH-05, OPH-09,
OPH-16, OPI-07 and OPF-06 found most informative as they produced specific bands pertaining to five out of seven genotypes.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers a substantially simple, rapid and reliable method for identification of large number
of Dichanthium genotypes once enough number of reproducible and suitable primers is screened. 相似文献
5.
Hong Bo Guo Bao Rong Lu Qian Hong Wu Jia Kuan Chen Tong Shui Zhou 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):917-924
Genetic diversity of seven cultivated populations of Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. from Longxi County, Gansu Province of China was estimated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.
The 17 selected RAPD primers amplified 205 polymorphic bands out of a total of 235 (87.2%). Nei’s gene-diversity statistics
and population differentiation parameters based on AMOVA analysis indicated that the cultivated C. pilosula populations remained a high level of genetic diversity with Hs = 0.299 and I = 0.450. A greater proportion of genetic diversity was found within (77%) rather than among (23%) the populations. In addition,
we also detected that populations from different altitudes had a considerable genetic differentiation after 40 years of cultivation
at the same site. Populations from higher altitude had lower genetic diversity than those from lower altitude. Our results
suggested that irregular and sparse cultivation practices, i.e., random collecting, preserving, and planting seeds of the
medicinal species without deliberate selection, might be an efficient way to conserve genetic resources of medicinal plants,
in addition to their effective uses. 相似文献
6.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic relationships and diversities of Chinese
vegetable mustards. Fourteen pairs of primers generated a total of 366 scorable fragments among 16 accessions of Brassica juncea studied, of which 296 bands were polymorphic with an average of 21.1% polymorphic bands per primer combination. Genetic similarities
were obtained using Nei and Li similarity coefficients, and a dendrogram of the 16 accessions was made by UPGMA clustering
method. The Nei and Li Similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. This result indicated that the 16 accessions
of B. juncea possessed high level genetic variations. The cluster analysis showed that the vegetable mustards could be grouped into two
main groups and some minor rami, which was partially in accordance with the traditional classification that based on different
edible organs of vegetable mustards. The incongruity between morphological and molecular classification might be attributed
to the high selection pressure during domestication of Chinese vegetable mustards, producing some accessions with similar
genetic backgrounds evolving into abundant morphological variations. The great diversification among Chinese vegetable mustards
not only provides an excellent object for molecular evolution research of B. juncea but also is of great value for widening the genetic basis of breeding programs and breeding materials selection. Besides,
our study also indicates that AFLP are informative and can provide significant insights for genetic diversity research in
B. juncea. 相似文献
7.
Wheat breeding in Pakistan started in 1930s before partition in the United India and so far has released more than 68 cultivars, but no systematic analyses of the genetic diversity of Pakistan wheat have been made. Twenty Pakistan wheat cultivars released from 1933 to 2002 were examined for genetic diversity and relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Forty-two RAPD primers were applied and 184 polymorphic bands were generated for each cultivar. Most of the cultivars were genetically interrelated, although six of them displayed some genetic distinctness. The RAPD variation observed among these cultivars was low. Only 40.7% of the total scorable bands were polymorphic, and 26.1% of the polymorphic bands were observed most frequently (f = 0.95) among the 20 cultivars. The proportions of polymorphic bands for each cultivar ranged from 0.67 in ‘Yecora’ to 0.84 in ‘C-250’ with an average of 0.76. About 1.4% of the RAPD variation might have been fixed over the 69 years of wheat breeding, but such fixation was not statistically significant. These results are significant for future improvement and conservation of Pakistan wheat. 相似文献
8.
Vinod Kumar Yadav Sandeep Kumar Ravindra K. Panwar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1285-1289
The present investigation was carried out on fifteen germplasm lines of Pisum sativum L. were used for characterization using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. While 12 random primers were taken,
out of them 11 primers gave amplification. These primers gave a total of 133 bands out of which 106 were polymorphic. Genetic
similarities of the RAPD profiles were estimated by using Jaccard’s coefficient with NTSYSpc 2.0 software. The similarity
index values ranged from 0.263 to 0.793 indicating the presence of enormous genetic diversity at molecular level. A dendrogram
generated by cluster analysis divided fifteen fieldpea genotypes into two Groups A and B. Major Group A have five genotypes
and major Group B have nine genotypes. 相似文献
9.
L. S. Rao P. Usha Rani P. S. Deshmukh P. A. Kumar S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244
Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis
and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars,
whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed
among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR
analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the
ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with
six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required
for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers
generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection
of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship
measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea. 相似文献
10.
S. Uma S. A. Siva M. S. Saraswathi M. Manickavasagam P. Durai R. Selvarajan S. Sathiamoorthy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):349-355
Sixteen collections of the wild Musa species, Musa balbisiana Colla collected from different regions of India were studied for their intraspecific relationships using random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 80 primers screened, 34 primers produced reproducible bands and four primers among
them showing polymorphic bands were used. In all, 43 DNA fragments were amplified averaging 10.75 per primer. Of these, 31
amplified fragments showed polymorphism (averaging of 7.75 per primer). The extent of polymorphism (74.6%) has indicated the
existence of considerable variation at the DNA level within the species. The 16 accessions were clustered into four as against
seven clusters obtained through morphotaxonomic characterization. The inter relationships based on geographical origin in
comparison with molecular characterization have been discussed. 相似文献
11.
Total 65 lotus accessions in genus Nelumbo mainly collected from China, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate the genetic diversity
and to test the genetic basis of the relationships between morphotypes and molecular markers. Seventeen primers generated
a total of 195 highly reproducible and discernible loci, among which 173 were polymorphic. Percent polymorphism varied from
66.7 to 100 with an average of 88.72, and five primers out of them, OPC05, OPG10, OPN20, OPP09 and OPS17, showed 100% polymorphism.
A relatively high genetic diversity was detected among all the samples with the similarity coefficient values ranging from
0.45 to 0.85, and Nei’s gene diversity (h) 0.30, and Shannon index (I) 0.46. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered 65 accessions in four clusters and the clustering pattern showed two groups, N. nucifera ssp. nucifera and those accessions related to the American lotus, and some special cultivars, landraces, hybrids and the American lotus.
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that the genetic diversity of Nelumbo accessions was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a clustered distribution pattern. Similar to the results
revealed by the dendrogram, two main groups representing the two subspecies of N. nucifera, as well as some special landraces, cultivars of Chinese lotus, the Japanese lotus and hybrids out of the two groups were
obtained. Neither the UPGMA dendrogram nor the PCA analysis exhibited strict relationship with geographic distribution and
morphotypes among the accessions. 相似文献
12.
Sheji Mary N. V. Nair Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi A. Selvi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1221-1231
Saccharum spontaneum L. a wild relative of sugarcane is the most variable and diverse among the Saccharum species. This species had been successfully exploited in sugarcane improvement programmes since 1915 and most of the present day commercial varieties are derivatives of interspecific hybrids involving S. spontaneum. The S. spontaneum germplasm available today in the World collections is diverse and represent different geographical groups. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to characterize 40 S. spontaneum clones collected from 4 different geographical areas in India using 20 random, 2 ISSR and 2 telomere primers. Of the 491 bands generated by these primers 83.9% were polymorphic. The genetic diversity estimated based on these markers was found to be moderate (48.9%). The pair-wise genetic distance between the accessions ranged from 29.8 to 60.0. The accessions from Arunachal Pradesh were found to be the most diverse, while Tamil Nadu accessions showed relatively less diversity. Diversity between Tamil Nadu and Kerala collections was found to be low, while the diversity between the Orissa group and the rest was found to be high. The collections from Mayurbanj and Cuttack regions of Orissa were found to be distinct. Arunachal Pradesh accessions, being more diverse, are a potential source for exploitation in sugarcane breeding programmes. 相似文献
13.
Marie Malice Nicolas Martin Audrey Pissard Jorge A. Rojas-Beltran Antionio Gandarillas Pierre Bertin Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):685-690
ISSR molecular markers have been used to investigate genetic diversity of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), an Andean neglected tuber crop species. Sampling procedure allowed a preliminary study of the genetic diversity at
the intra- and intervarietal levels. Twenty tuber lots conserved in situ in the microcentre of Candelaria and ex situ in the Toralapa Centre (Bolivia) were identified. Four ISSR primers amplified a total of 25 fragments of which 17 (68%) were
polymorphic. These experiments show that the structure of oca varieties is mainly based upon vernacular names with a greater
differentiation among tuber lots than within them, supporting agromorphological data. ISSR technique enlightened the existence
of heterogeneous varieties in oca and divergence between in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. These observations are potentially linked to the different ways of management of tubers in these
two conservation systems. 相似文献
14.
Tileye Feyissa Hilde Nybom Igor V. Bartish Margareta Welander 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):947-958
Genetic diversity within and among 12 populations of the dioecious tropical tree species Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. in Ethiopia was examined with eight inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. A total of 104 clearly
scorable bands were generated, among which 84 (81%) were polymorphic. Jaccard similarity coefficient was calculated for pairwise
comparisons among all 120 individuals and ranged from 0.30 to 0.88 while average within-population similarity ranged from
0.53 to 0.66. Within-population variability was estimated as percentage polymorphic loci (ranging from 52% to 87%), Shannon’s
information index (0.30–0.50) and Nei’s genetic diversity (0.21–0.35). The highest variability values were obtained for one
recently planted population and for one wild population growing in an undisturbed primary forest area. Significant overall
differentiation among populations was detected by both Shannon’s information index (0.26) and G
ST (0.25). Relatedness among samples was estimated with a principal coordinate analysis, and relatedness among populations was
estimated with a cluster analysis (UPGMA). A Mantel test indicated a significant association between genetic and geographic
distances, and an autocorrelation analysis showed significant evidence of gene flow over distances up to 30 km. This study
is the first of its kind for H. abyssinica, which has decreased recently in Ethiopia and now must be regarded as an endangered species. Both within-population and between-population
diversity estimates are typical of outcrossing, longlived and late successional species, suggesting that recent anthropogenic
disturbances have not yet had much impact on population genetic parameters. DNA marker data can, however, be used to identify
the most suitable sites for in situ conservation and for collection of material for establishment of genebanks and plant improvement programs. 相似文献
15.
Y. H. Che H. J. Li Y. P. Yang X. M. Yang X. Q. Li L. H. Li 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):389-396
Genetic diversity of 69 populations of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. originated from various regions of northern China was analyzed using 29 polymorphic microsatellite primers that
were mapped on the wheat genome. The number of polymorphic bands ranged from 2 (Xgwm285, Xgwm43, Xgwm291, and Xgwm257) to 27 (Xgwm314) with an average of 10.480. The highest genetic diversity value was detected in the populations from Xinjiang Province
(0.735), and the lowest was observed in populations from Qinghai Province (0.553). The proportion of diversity among and within
regions was 16.9% and 83.1% of the total variation, respectively. According to the dendrogram generated by UPGMA cluster analysis
based on Nei’s genetic distance matrix, all the populations of A. cristatum were distinctly clarified. At the Nei’s distance of 0.62, the populations were divided into 6 groups. The phenogram indicated
that populations from similar ecogeographical regions were clustered together. The principal coordinate analysis showed that
the populations from Inner Mongolia were more closely related to each other, and were less variable than the populations from
Xinjiang Province. 相似文献
16.
Paula Martins-Lopes José Lima-Brito Sónia Gomes Julieta Meirinhos Luís Santos Henrique Guedes-Pinto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):117-128
Thirty Portuguese and eight foreign olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.
Twenty RAPD primers amplified 301 reproducible bands of which 262 were polymorphic; and 17 ISSR primers amplified 204 bands
of which 180 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was similar (88 and 87%, respectively).
The genetic variability observed was similar in the Portuguese and foreign olive cultivars. Seven ISSR and 12 RAPD primers
were able to distinguish individually all 38 olive cultivars. Twenty specific molecular markers are now available to be converted
into Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. Relationships among Portuguese and foreign cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Sezai Ercisli Emine Orhan Ahmet Esitken Nalan Yildirim Guleray Agar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):613-618
Turkey is an important producer of cornelian cherries (Cornus mas L.), especially in northern Anatolia. Seed propagation and long-term human selection has given rise to a great diversity
of trees. Twenty-six cornelian cherry genotypes (CC1–CC26) from the Coruh Valley in northern Anatolia were evaluated for genetic
relationships by using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, based on 56 decamer random primers, seven of which
showed reliable polymorphisms. These seven primers generated 80 markers, with 77 (96.25%) displaying polymorphisms. Cluster
analysis of the cornelian cherry genotypes was performed based on data from polymorphic RAPD bands, by using Jaccard’s similarity
coefficient and the Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering method. A similarity matrix showed
that the highest genetic similarity (0.913) was between CC15 and CC16 and the least (0.129) was between CC4 and CC16. The
cophenetic correlation coefficient between the similarity matrix and the cophenetic matrix of the dendrogram was relatively
high (r = 0.87), supporting the validity of the dendrogram. Based on these results, RAPD analysis can be used for the characterization
and grouping of cornelian cherry genotypes. Genetically divergent genotypes identified in this study may be useful for future
breeding programs. This is the first study demonstrating that RAPD analyses can be used to differentiate and classify cornelian
cherry genotypes. 相似文献
18.
S. Ghariani N. Trifi-Farah M. Chakroun S. Marghali M. Marrakchi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):809-815
The genetic diversity in Tunisian perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was examined by the help of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Starting from eighteen accessions, a large number of polymorphic ISSR markers were currently generated using appropriate primers (a total of 136, which average of 12.6 polymorphic bands/primer). These markers were considered to estimate the genetic distance among accessions and to draw phylogenetic trees. Our data provide evidence of a high degree of genetic diversity in Tunisian ryegrass. In addition, both cultivars and wild types present a high degree of divergence suggesting a complex domestication process in this crop. Moreover, spontaneous populations of Tunisian ryegrass have been identified as important ecotypes that are suitable in selection programs to improve grasslands. 相似文献
19.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to study sub-structure and genetic differentiation amongst 31 populations
(seven cultivated and 24 wild populations) belonging to 14 Asiatic Vigna species. Ten pre-selected RAPD primers generated 152 polymorphic amplification products. Estimates of polymorphism indices
were higher for the wild taxa in comparison to the cultivated forms. FST values between populations ranged from 0.111 to 0.801 and Nei’s genetic diversity values between and within species varied
from 0.26 to 0.70 and 0.04 to 0.56 respectively. The high FST and FCT values indicated strong subdivision of populations and high differentiation among species. Analysis of molecular variance
was performed by grouping the populations conforming to specific species. AMOVA was also performed separately to better resolve
the differentiation of species within mungo–radiata complex. Molecular phylogenetic relationships amongst the species of radiata–mungo complex; namely, black gram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper), green gram (V. radiata (L.) Wilczek), V. radiata var. sublobata, V. radiata var. setulosa, V. mungo var. silvestris and V. hainiana, were studied through cluster analyses. Two distinct groups were recognized within the complex, with population samples of
V. hainiana forming one cluster. Further, V. hainiana appeared to be equidistant to both V. radiata and V. mungo. 相似文献
20.
Rui-Wu Yang Yong-Hong Zhou Ying Zhang You-Liang Zheng Chun-Bang Ding 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):139-144
The genetic diversity and similarities among 40 accessions of Leymus Hochst., distributed in 19 species and 1 subspecies, were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism
(RAMP) markers. Of the 120 RAMP primer combinations tested, 24 (20%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 192
bands were amplified by 24 primer combinations, among which 179 (93.23%) bands were found to be polymorphic. Three to thirteen
polymorphic bands were amplified by each primer combination, with an average of 7.64 bands. The data of 192 RAMP bands were
used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA in the NTSYS-pc computer
program. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 with the mean of 0.34. The results showed as follows:
(1) Distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) The different accessions in a species were
clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) The species with similar
morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together;
(4) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology. It is a useful method for analysis
of the genetic diversity and similarities in Leymus. 相似文献