Carbon,nitrogen, phosphorus and enzymatic activity under different land uses in a tropical,dry ecosystem

We compared total C, N and P, available forms of N and P and dehydrogenase, urease and acid phosphatase activities in soils from primary forests, 26‐year‐old pastures and 26‐year‐old secondary forests in the tropical dry forest region of Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. We hypothesized that, because of their natural regeneration and greater plant diversity, secondary forest soils would have higher fertility and enzyme activities than pasture soils and would be more similar to primary forest soils. We predicted also that enzymes would be better indicators of land‐use effects on soil fertility than nutrients. Only one nutrient, available phosphorus, and one enzyme, acid phosphatase, were significantly and consistently affected by land use. As expected, these parameters were greater in primary and secondary forests than in pastures. Principal components analysis using all variables placed secondary forests intermediate between primary forests and pastures, as predicted, and total C, N and P, available P, ammonium, phosphatase, urease and the C:P ratio were the variables associated with this spatial arrangement of land uses. We conclude that secondary forest soils showed improved fertility and were overall closer to primary forests than to pastures in most variables measured.     

近10 a青海高原东部土地利用/覆被变化及碳效应

近年来在人类活动的影响下,青海高原东部土地覆盖变化显著,为揭示区域土地利用/覆被变化及其对环境的影响,促进区域可持续发展,以青海高原东部农业区为研究区,采用多时相Landsat TM卫星遥感数据,分析该区域1999－2009年的土地利用格局转变以及由此引起的碳效应变化,以期为青海高原东部土地利用结构与空间配置的低碳优化、科学管理与规划提供参考。首先,利用土地利用变化强度指数分析了青海高原海东市近10 a来的土地利用类型间的变化强度及方向;其次,对研究区主要的8种土地利用转移类型引起的碳效应进行了定量分析。研究结果表明：近10 a来,退耕还林/草等生态工程与西部开发战略的实施,使区域土地利用呈现"3增2减"的整体变化,即林地、建设用地和未利用地面积呈上升趋势,分别增加约67%、56%和1.14%,耕地、草地面积减少,分别减少30%和12%;由于建设用地的扩张,耕地非农化导致的碳排放量增加373.60万t,生态的正向演变（退耕还林/草;草地转林地）和建设用地的复垦退出引起的总碳汇量增加156.04万t,生态的逆向演变（林地/草地转变成耕地;林地转变成草地）引起的碳汇量损失22.85万t。近10 a来区域土地利用/覆被变化导致的碳排放增量高出碳汇增量240.41万t,说明自然和人文因素共同驱动的土地利用变化对青海高原东部的碳平衡和可持续发展产生显著影响。     

Tropical alluvial forest fragmentation in the eastern lowlands of Colombia (1939–1997)

Alluvial forests are under high pressure from human activities because of their value as agricultural, wildlife, timber and recreational land. Despite this, spatial patterns of alluvial forest deforestation are not well known. We studied forest alterations in a 2800 ha alluvial ecosystem using aerial photographs. During the study period (1939–1997), forests with canopy heights greater than 15 m (high canopy mature forest; HCM forest) decreased by 70·4 per cent while forests with canopy heights less than 15 m (low canopy mature forest; LCM forest) forests decreased by 51 per cent, producing a highly fragmented landscape. Factors responsible for forest change included human activities and river dynamics. Although most of the deforestation was related to human disturbance, almost 27 per cent of forest losses were due to channel migration of the Meta River. HCM forests were the most affected land cover since they are easily accessed, viable for logging and occurred on fertile soils, which are valuable for agriculture. LCM forests were less affected since their soil fertilities and inundation regimes were unfavourable to human uses, and thus, less prone to anthropogenic disturbances. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Time and scale of gully erosion in the Jedliczny Dol gully system, south-east Poland

Key catchments of the Roztocze loess area in south-east Poland have a great potential of revealing the history of long-term soil erosion and changes in land use. The knowledge of how and when soil erosion took place in the past helps one understand the impact of land use changes on the landscapes [Bork, H.-R., 1989. Soil erosion during the past Millennium in Central Europe and its significance within the geomorphodynamics of the Holocene. Catena 15, 121–131]. The Jedliczny Dol gully system near the town Zwierzyniec in south-east Poland was investigated by using detailed field stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of charcoal and wood.In connection with new settlements which were established between the 14th and 16th centuries, arable land was cultivated and forests were used much more intensively. As a consequence, the loess soils were strongly eroded during heavy rainfalls. Up to 4 m of colluvial sediments were deposited in the gully system during the 15th and/or 16th centuries. The thickness of the colluvial sediments indicate severe erosion which might be related to excessive timber exploitation for the local glass and iron production. With the foundation of the so-called Ordinariat Zamoyski at the end of the 16th century, some parts of the area were presumably reforested. High pressure on the land at the beginning of the 19th century enabled a second main phase of gulling before 1900.Since 1890 at the latest, almost the whole catchment is used as a forest, however, concentrated runoff on compacted forest roads can still be high after heavy rainfalls.In loess areas soil erosion caused by intensive land use, triggered by heavy rainfalls, can change the landscape drastically. These changes will continue to influence how catchments react, even if land use gets less intensive again. This knowledge should be considered regarding future, sustainable land use and recent changes in land use in the south-eastern Polish loess regions.     

Should we store carbon in trees?

In order to explore for the most effective strategy for using forests to mitigate global climate change, we have constructed a simple model of C uptake during forest growth and the fate of this C when forests are harvested and used as fuel to replace fossil fuels. We suggest that trees are equally effective in preventing the accumulation of CO₂ in the atmosphere if they remove a unit of C from the atmosphere or if they supply a sustainable source of energy that substitutes for a unit of C discharged by burning fossil fuels. The model shows that the most effective strategy for using forest land to minimize increases in atmospheric CO₂ will depend on the current status of the land, the productivity that can be expected, the efficiency with which the forest harvest is used to substitute for fossil fuels, and the time perspective of the analysis. For forests with large standing biomass and low productivity the most effective strategy is to protect the existing forest. For land with little standing biomass and low productivity, the most effective strategy is to reforest or otherwise manage the land for forest growth and C storage. Where high productivity can be expected, the most effective strategy is to manage the forest for a harvestable crop and to use the harvest with maximum efficiency either for long-lived products or to substitute for fossil fuels. The longer the time perspective, the more likely that harvesting and replanting will result in net C benefits.     

紫色丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀产沙空间分布的 137Cs法初步研究

该文通过紫色丘陵区响水滩小流域不同土地利用类型、不同坡度和坡长、不同地貌部位土壤剖面中 ¹³⁷Cs含量的测定与分析，对其侵蚀空间分布进行了估算。研究结果表明：该流域 ¹³⁷Cs含量的背景值为1870 Bq/m²；流域内坡耕地、林地的年平均侵蚀强度分别为4468、1759 t/(km²·a)；土壤侵蚀量与坡长、坡度均指数相关；丘顶、丘坡和鞍部的年平均侵蚀强度分别为2125、4676、3625 t/(km²·a)。结果表明土地利用类型、坡长和坡度、地貌部位对土壤侵蚀量影响很大，坡耕地是该流域泥沙的主要来源。     

Understory plant species and functional diversity in the degraded wet tropical forests of Kolombangara Island,Solomon Islands

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in extensive deforestation and forest degradation on many tropical oceanic islands. For instance, some islands in the Solomon archipelago have as little as 10% of primary forests remaining with few of these remnants protected from future land use change. We examine the plant species and functional diversity (excluding adult canopy trees) of 48 sites from four forest land use types (two types of primary forest, secondary forest and abandoned tree plantations) and two common human-maintained land use types (coconut plantations and grazed pastures) across three elevation bands on Kolombangara Island, Solomon Islands. In total, we surveyed 384 species from 86 families of which only 6.5% were non-native. Species richness was lowest in coconut plantations and grazed pastures and declined with increasing elevation across all land use types. Functional diversity was similar between primary and secondary forest (high richness, high evenness and unaltered dispersion) and lowest in coconut plantations and grazed pastures. Our results suggest that species and functional richness have had divergent responses to land use change in forest land uses indicative of a loss of functional redundancy. Despite structural and compositional similarities among primary forests and degraded forest land uses, full recovery of secondary and commercial plantations has not been achieved. We suggest that conservation of Kolombangara’s forest understory flora will require reserves across the island’s elevation gradient and may require active restoration in the future, particularly if degrading activities continue at the current rate.     

鹞落坪自然保护区土地利用动态格局研究

[目的]分析1994—2017年鹞落坪自然保护区土地利用格局变化特征,揭示退耕还林、生态旅游等对保护区土地格局变化的影响,为保护区林地保护与利用提供依据。[方法]以1994,2002,2012和2017年4期LandsatTM/ETM~+/OLI遥感影像为数据源,采用监督分类提取研究区土地利用信息,并建立转移矩阵,分析保护区20 a间土地利用格局动态变化及其转移特点。[结果] 1994—2017年保护区内土地利用结构发生了较为明显的变化,林地、居民地和园地面积都有不同程度的增加,而耕地显著减少。土地利用类型主要转移方向为耕地转化为园地、林地和居民地,小部分林地转化为居民地。1994—2002年区内林地面积大幅度增加,耕地面积大量减少;2002—2012年居民地呈现出扩张的趋势,园地面积大幅度增加,耕地面积则有所减少;2012—2017年区内土地利用转化量相对较小,居民地、林地以及园地面积小幅度增加,耕地面积相对减少。[结论]保护区土地利用格局变化是退耕还林、茶业发展和旅游开发共同作用的结果。退耕还林导致耕地面积减少,林地和园地面积增加;旅游开发导致居民用地面积增加。     

Drainage in Sweden -the past and new developments

Land drainage in Sweden has been regulated in various laws since the Middle Ages. The lowering of lake surfaces and the ditching of wetlands has been considered a valuable task to gain cultivable land, and more recently, to promote forest growth. However, in recent years the debate surrounding drainage in forests has been a matter of considerable discussion. The dry and hot summer of 2018 has awakened new views on the subject. Monitoring has shown an exceptionally low groundwater levels countrywide. Especially the islands of Öland and Gotland have faced groundwater shortages and the groundwater levels are still low in both small and large aquifers. Drainage within forest land has lacked any scientific basis until rather recently. Still, it has been a supported activity during the twentieth century. However, this has gradually as knowledge on the activity has increased and the ecology of downstream water bodies has been considered. Today, only the rinsing of existing drainage is actively practised, and it is surrounded by a number of recommendations which are still under discussion.     

Mapping and monitoring land degradation risks in the Western Brazilian Amazon using multitemporal Landsat TM/ETM+ images

Mapping and monitoring land degradation in areas under human‐induced stresses have become urgent tasks in remote sensing whose importance has not yet been fully appreciated. In this study, a surface cover index (SCI) is developed to evaluate and map potential land degradation risks associated with deforestation and accompanying soil erosion in a Western Brazilian Amazon rural settlement study area. The relationships between land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) types and land degradation risks as well as the impacts of LULC change on land degradation are examined. This research indicates that remotely sensed data can be effectively used for identification and mapping of land degradation risks and monitoring of land degradation changes in the study area. Sites covered by mature forest and advanced successional forests have low land degradation risk potential, while some types of initial successional forests, agroforestry/perennial agriculture and pasture have higher risk potential. Deforestation and associated soil erosion are major causes leading to land degradation, while vegetation regrowth reduces such problems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is glomalin an appropriate indicator of forest soil reactive nitrogen status?

In this paper we address total glomalin‐related soil protein (T‐GRSP) as a possible indicator of differences in forest soils related to reactive nitrogen and forest composition. We focused especially on the relationship between T‐GRSP (g kg⁻¹), soil organic carbon (SOC), and reactive nitrogen (N_r) availability among different categories of temperate forests and different horizons. Our study included 105 sampling sites divided into 5 categories, which vary in elevation and tree species composition (coniferous, deciduous, mixed). We detected significantly higher T‐GRSP and SOC in the F+H horizon under conifers. We assume that this observation might be attributed to suppression of decomposition of T‐GRSP and SOC by nature of coniferous litter. The lack of significant differences in T‐GRSP/SOC among the categories and the positive correlations between T‐GRSP and SOC in most of the categories confirmed the strong relationship of T‐GRSP with SOC. We found a significantly higher content of T‐GRSP in the F+H horizon for all studied forest categories. However, the contribution of T‐GRSP to SOC is significantly higher in the A horizon, which might be caused by stabilization of glomalin by mineral fraction, including clay minerals or by the belowground origin of glomalin. We found the increase of SOC with increasing N_r in the A horizon for most categories of forest. T‐GRSP follows this trend in the case of deciduous forests (decid), mixed forest (mixed), and mountain forests (mount). On the other hand, we detected a decrease of T‐GRSP with increasing N_r in the F+H horizon of coniferous forests (conif). Moreover the T‐GRSP/SOC decreases with the increase of N_r in the A horizon of conif, mixed and mount, which points to the higher sensitivity of forest with prevalence of coniferous trees. Our observations have confirmed an ecosystem‐specific relationship between T‐GRSP, SOC and N_r. We concluded that T‐GRSP in combination with T‐GRSP/SOC has the potential to reveal qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) connected with increasing N_r.     

Land‐use evolution and degradation in Lesvos (Greece): a historical approach

An analysis has been undertaken of the land‐use evolution in the island of Lesvos for the last 5000 years, based on historical and archaeological documents and recent soil and vegetation survey data. A series of maps were compiled using historical documents for the period from 3300 bc to 1886 bc and vegetation field survey data for the period from 1886–1996. A soil survey (scale 1:50 000) was conducted in 1996 in order to relate the land‐use changes to the present physical environment. Cultivation of the land started around 3300 bc and intensified during the 18th century bc . During the Roman period forests were already significantly reduced to satisfy the increasing demands for agricultural products, timber and heating. In the Byzantine period (4th–15th century), vineyards and pastures expanded, mainly by clearing the forests. Olive plantations increased during the 13th century, motivated by the allocation of subsidies. During the first centuries of the Ottoman period, there was a further expansion of olive groves and pastures by reducing forests, while vineyards declined. Great changes occurred in the last century in the geographical distribution and the total area occupied by the various types of land use. Olive groves significantly expanded and were redistributed covering more fertile and productive land on hilly areas by clearing mainly pine forests. Oak forests increased on previous pasture areas. Today, pasture is the main type of land use in hilly areas. These previously forested areas have been cleared without any accompanying measures against soil erosion. This highly degraded land with shallow and severely eroded soils is not able to sustain any profitable agricultural use or natural forest. However, areas cultivated with olives remained sustainable for more than seven centuries without being significantly degraded. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changes in humus properties and collembolan communities following the replanting of beech forests with spruce

Differences of collembolan communities within the organo-mineral A layer were studied in relation to physico-chemical changes in humus at nine sites of beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) and first generation spruce stands (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), planted on former beech forest 30 years ago (Central Pyrenees, France). Changes in humus form were caused by the spruce plantation and occurred mainly within the fermentation horizon where acidifying litter accumulation increased the horizon depth. The recent replacement of beech by spruce induced a shift from mull towards moder humus forms, which is explained by the decreasing organic matter turnover rate. A significant decrease in the three exchangeable cations and pH under spruce was also observed. Collembolan species diversity within the A horizon was significantly lower under spruce at this early stage of the silvogenetic cycle. Differences between species composition of Collembola between the two forest stands is related to changes in environmental conditions (e.g. nutrient availability, soil porosity, soil moisture). This study shows how forest management practices are susceptible to modify biological activity within the A horizon under exotic conifer plantations.     

太行山区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳贮量的研究

通过实测对比分析了太行山区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳贮量的变化。研究结果表明：（1）不同土地利用方式下，土壤有机碳含量有明显差异，总的趋势是经济林（板栗林）〉水土保持林〉农田；（2）各种土地利用方式下，土壤有机碳和有机碳密度均随土壤深度增加呈现递减的趋势，但土地利用方式不同，其减少程度不同，农田土壤有机碳含量在土层深度上变化较小；（3）研究区域土壤总碳贮量为41573．67t，土壤碳贮量以经济林（板栗林）最大，达到了46．02％，水土保持林次之，而农田贡献最小，仅占5．43％。分析表明：土地利用方式对陆地生态系统碳贮量有明显影响，通过调整土地利用方式可以增加土地生态系统的碳贮量；经济林虽然人为干扰较为强烈，但由于人为投入较大，土壤碳贮量仍能保持较高的水平。     

Forest fertilization: Its potential to increase the CO2 storage capacity and to alleviate the decline of the global forests

Healthy forests are essential for life on earth. Their multiple benefits include sustainable production of wood and other products, soil protection, air and water purification, wildlife habitat, noise control, various types of recreation, but also climate regulation and CO₂ storage. Owing to man-made influences, forests have been endangered since a long time. In various parts of the world these adverse impacts are now representing a risk for human life. For example, the still increasing destruction of tropical and subtropical forests leads to detrimental soil erosion problems and great losses of soil fertility including soil C. Furthermore, atmospheric pollution brought about forest declines in Europe, North America and elsewhere. In order to overcome these and related problems a variety of efforts have been established. In commercial forests of the temperate/boreal zones forest management practices including fertilization regimes focusing on sustainably increasing yields have been utilized for several centuries. However, new management strategies are under research and/or have been implemented in these forest ecosystems to mitigate the so called new types of forest damage. As these declines are frequently associated with nutritional disturbances fertilizer applications have proven useful when conducted properly. Agro-forestry is one approach to reduce the further deterioration of tropical/subtropical forests. Also rehabilitation of devastated land ist partly concentrated on afforestation. With the ever increasing demands of a fast growing human population and increasing CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere, proper multi-purpose forestry on a permanent or short rotation basis or in the wide realm of agro-forestry is essential for mankind. In many cases adequate forest management will only be possible when soil fertility is restored and/or maintained through fertilization/manuring considering the demand of a specific forest stand/system under specific site conditions. Clearly, also the potential to increase the CO₂ storage capacity of forests is often limited by insufficient nutrient availability. However, in general this site specific limitation can be overcome easily by proper nutrient supplementation.     

Effects of land management on the abundance and richness of spiders (Araneae): A meta-analysis

Human land use, through forest management and conversion of natural habitats into agroecosystems, has often resulted in loss of biodiversity. Spiders are important predators in terrestrial ecosystems, biological control agents against pests in agroecosystems and forests, and useful indicators due to their sensibility to changes in habitat structure and microclimate. Effects of land use on spiders have been reviewed several times but existing reviews are narrative and usually focused on one single kind of management. We summarize the impacts of land use on spider abundance and species richness using meta-analysis. The main ecosystems where the effect of management on spiders has been studied were forests, agroecosystems and rangelands (including meadows and grasslands). Although our survey retrieved studies from all parts of the world and climatic zones, a dominance of studies from temperate habitats in Europe and North America was evident. The meta-analysis showed negative effects on spider species richness and abundance for agroecosystems and rangelands, but were less evident for forests. From 10 kinds of land management identified, all but forest plantation showed effects on spider richness or abundance. These land management scenarios affected either species richness (forest fragmentation and logging, farmland abandonment, and miscellaneous management including plowing, cutting and fire), or spider abundance (forest fragmentation, forest fire, conventional farming, insecticides, grazing, and farmland abandonment), but not both. Edge effects had contrasting effects depending on the ecosystem, affecting spider species richness in agroecosystems and abundance in rangelands and forests. Direct destruction of spiders or negative effects on habitat heterogeneity or prey populations were the most likely causes of the negative effects detected.     

多情景退耕还林对林地生物多样性保护价值的潜在影响

退耕还林对生物多样性保护具有显著的正向影响,评估其生物多样性保护生态服务价值意义重大。现有研究多采用当量法计算生物多样性保护的生态服务价值,但该方法未考虑不同林地类型的差异化生物多样性价值,因而难以实现空间精细化评估。该研究从生态连通视角切入,以云南省保山市施甸县为例,根据坡度和相关政策设定1种现状情景（情景I）与3种退耕情景（情景II、情景III与情景IV）,采用形态空间模式识别生态源地、指数法分析生态连通性和斑块重要性,进而计算各情景下的生物多样性保护的生态服务价值。在此框架中,该研究通过空间精细化手段修正各类林地的当量因子系数。结果表明：随着物种扩散距离的增加,生态连通性增加,情景II、III和IV的森林的生物多样性保护的生态服务价值均呈现增加趋势,依次增加了3.02×107、4.7×106和1.57×107元,更有助于增加生物多样性保护生态服务价值的退耕方式是情景II;从修正当量角度看,情景II、III和IV的修正当量系数分别为1.51、1.46和1.47,最有利的退耕情景为退耕程度最小的情景II,而退耕程度最大的情景III却没有取得相应的成效。研究表明,除退耕程度外,栖息地空间结构和分布也是影响生物多样性保护价值的因素,三者共同构成确定退耕还林形式和建立生态补偿机制的关键依据。同时,该研究通过实地调研和回归模型验证了结果的准确性,为探究其他区域提供理论依据。     

Distribution and Concentration of Pb and Cd in Two Adjacent Luvisols under Grassland and Forest in Denmark

The effect of land use (forest and grassland) on the deposition and mobility of Pb and Cd has been studied by extraction with 1M HCl, 1M NH₄Ac/HAc and 1M NH₄Ac. The soils were described pedologically and the main physical and chemical parameters were determined. The Pb concentration in the A horizon is higher in the profile under forest than in the profile under grassland. We assign this difference to the filter action of the forest. The Cd concentration is highest in the grassland profile because the forest soil is more degraded and Cd is leached to a higher degree in this soil. Both metals are more mobile (easier to extract) in the forest because the forest soil is most acidic, and because a greater part is bound to organic compounds (humic and fulvic acids) which are more abundant in the forest than in the grassland. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the A horizons are 26 ppm and 0.1 ppm under the forest and 9 ppm and 0.2 ppm under grassland, respectively.     

Influence of former agricultural land use on net nitrate production in forest soils

Except where nitrate is added to the soil artificially, nitrate is leached from forest soils only if it is produced. Although the factors influencing nitrification have been widely studied, nitrification activity still cannot be simply predicted from ecosystem characteristics. In France, about half of the present forest area was agricultural in 1850. Previous work suggested that former cultivation could be a major factor influencing nitrogen availability in forest soils. Using laboratory incubations, we compared the net production of ammonium and nitrate in soils from formerly manured lands planted with conifers 70–100 years ago with that in soils of surrounding ancient coniferous forests. Net nitrate production, available P content, and natural abundance of nitrogen 15, δ¹⁵N, were greater in soils from formerly manured plots than other land, whereas the C:N ratio of the soil was less. The difference in net nitrate production between previously manured sites and adjacent ancient forests was related to differences in δ¹⁵N values in the soil but not evidently to other soil properties. Because soil δ¹⁵N increases with the intensity of organic manuring, these results suggest that nitrification in forest soils depends on previous manurial practices under agriculture. In this context, the soil δ¹⁵N might be used as an indicator of both previous agricultural land use and potential nitrification. Because a significant proportion of West European forests grow on previously cultivated soils, past land use should be taken into account when evaluating the risks of nitrate leaching from forests.     

温带森林磷沉降-水系统输出-迁移动态特征及对土壤磷影响

采用对比和分析的方法,研究了黑龙江省带岭凉水国家级自然保护区温带森林生态系统磷沉降、溪流、河流和渗透水输出磷含量动态特征,以及磷沉降和水系统磷输出对红松人工林、落叶松人工林、椴树红松混交林、枫桦红松混交林和白桦次生林5种林型土壤全磷和有效磷的影响。结果表明,研究区域通过降雨产生的年磷沉降量约为0.888 kg hm-2,7月除红松人工林外,其他4个林型穿透雨磷浓度均高于大气降雨的磷浓度。7月枫桦红松林、8月白桦次生林和红松人工林A层土壤渗透水磷浓度低于林内雨磷浓度,表层土壤对穿透雨中磷有固定作用。在凉水自然保护区森林生态系统内,森林系统内小溪流、凉水河和凉水森林系统外永翠河水磷浓度均较林外降雨及穿透降雨磷浓度高,表现为永翠河水>土壤A层渗透水>凉水河>小溪>穿透雨>大气降雨。表明土壤中部分磷素通过地表径流和壤中流流出森林生态系统,并汇集于林中小溪,最后进入河流,造成磷在小溪和河流中的富集。大气磷沉降、森林水系统磷输出均与椴树红松林A0层土壤全磷含量呈显著负相关,与红松人工林B层土壤全磷含量呈极显著正相关,与落叶松人工林A0层土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关。