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蚯蚓仿生注液沃土装置设计与试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
蚯蚓吞噬土壤,构建洞穴,发挥了肥沃土壤的重要作用。该文借助工程仿生技术手段,运用计算机图像处理技术对蚯蚓头部、体节轮廓图像进行量化分析,提取并拟合蚯蚓头部和体节的轮廓曲线,构建注液沃土装置的仿生几何结构表面。仿蚯蚓背孔排布方式设计了3孔和6孔注液型沃土装置,以UHMWPE为材料制备样机,并采用农机土槽试验系统开展注液沃土装置样机选型试验,考察孔数、是否注液、材料、表面结构4个参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响。试验结果表明,各参数对工作阻力的影响程度依次为:注液孔数材料表面结构;对土壤粘附量的影响程度依次为:表面结构孔数材料注液。从8类样机中确定的优选类型为:有6个注液孔、UHMWPE材质且具有仿生几何结构表面的仿生注液沃土装置。对选定的样机进行验证,结果表明:在相同试验条件下,该样机的平均工作阻力为283.48 N,平均土壤粘附量值为10.93 g,均低于其他类型样机。该研究工作可为实施机械化沃土工程提供技术参考。 相似文献
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仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探索仿生注液沃土装置在土壤内部作业时工作参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响规律,优化作业参数,以保障并提高注液沃土装置作业质量,同时降低工作阻力和土壤粘附。该研究采用Box-Behnken试验优化设计方法,通过搭建农机土槽台车试验系统以模拟田间作业环境,开展注液沃土装置样机工作参数优化试验,将入土深度、注液量、土槽台车速度3个工作参数设为自变量,将工作阻力和土壤粘附量设为响应值,建立多元二次多项式回归方程,根据自变量与响应值之间的关系,优化仿生注液沃土装置的工作参数。结果表明:以土壤粘附量和工作阻力为响应值建立的回归方程模型拟合度良好;入土深度、液肥流量和工作速度对降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响均显著,且入土深度和速度存在交互效应;试验因素对注液沃土装置降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响程度为:入土深度>速度>流量,得到最优的工作参数为:入土深度11 cm、速度1.0 m/s、流量350 g/s。在最优工作参数条件下,注液沃土装置的工作阻力为260.01 N,土壤粘附量为8.73 g。该研究工作为注液沃土技术的应用和推广提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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The earthworms Allolobophora catiginosa and Lumbricus rubellus were used to study the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) for earthworms. The earthworms were exposed to soil containing concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 μgg?1. No worms were killed or showed any other observable toxicological effects when exposed to concentrations up to 5 μg g?1 for 85 days in soil. The lethal threshold concentration for TCDD to earthworms falls between 5 and 10 μg g?1 in this study. In soils containing 0.05 μg g?1 earthworms accumulated TCDD up to 5 times the original soil concentration within 7 days. Worms were also exposed to TCDD on filter paper to study the behaviour of earthworms and the uptake of TCDD after surface contact. The earthworms did not avoid TCDD in their environment, indicating an indifference to it. No active penetration of TCDD into the body occurred where earthworms were exposed to surface concentrations. No indication was found of possible biological breakdown of TCDD on passing through the earthworm gut, although the search for metabolites was limited to the mono-, bi- and trichlorinated dioxins. There was a steady decrease (a T-value of 80–400 days) in the amount of TCDD recovered from worm-worked soil compared to soil without worms. 相似文献
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Mucus excretion and carbon turnover of endogeic earthworms 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S. Scheu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,12(3):217-220
Summary Mucus excretion of endogeic earthworms, by the body surface to burrow walls and by the intestine to casts, was investigated using uniformly 14C-labelled adult or subadult specimens of Octolasion lacteum (Örley) in laboratory incubations in soil from a beechwood on limestone. The daily loss of C due to mucus excretion from the body surface and in casts was calculated as 0.2 and 0.5% of total animal C, respectively. The C loss due to mucus excretion by subadult or adult individuals of O. lacteum is assumed to account for 63% of total C losses (including mucus excretion and respiration) of the earthworms. In a second experiment we studied the incorporation of 14C from labelled soil, again from a beechwood on limestone, into the tissue of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny). The results of this experiment indicate the existence of two C pools, one more labile and one more stable, in earthworms. It is assumed that the C investment for respiration and mucus excretion is derived from the labile C pool of endogeic earthworms. 相似文献