覆盖作物不同利用方式对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨覆盖作物不同利用方式对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响,通过磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,研究覆盖作物处理对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响。试验设置3个处理,分别为种植覆盖作物+覆盖作物刈割后留在土壤表面自然腐解(T1)、种植覆盖作物+覆盖作物刈割后从园中清除(T2)和清耕对照(CK)。结果表明,T1、T2处理土壤微生物PLFAs总量和微生物量碳、氮均显著高于CK(P0.05);土壤pH和碳氮比是影响猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落的主要环境因子,pH与土壤微生物PLFAs总量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与细菌PLFAs量、革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs量呈显著正相关(P0.05),碳氮比与革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs量/革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究表明,猕猴桃园种植覆盖作物改变了土壤环境因子,影响土壤微生物群落结构组成。研究可为丹江口水源涵养区果园生态管理模式的探索提供理论依据。     

3种耐盐植物对滨海盐土化学性质及微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨耐盐植物种植对滨海盐土化学性质及微生物群落结构的影响,在滨海盐土环境下,以种植耐盐植物费菜(Sedum aizoon L.)、田菁(Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Poir.)、蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)的样地和未种植植物的裸地土壤(CK)为研究对象,采用土壤农化分析技术和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)生物标记法,对土壤化学性质、微生物群落结构及多样性进行分析。结果表明,与裸地比较,种植植物样地土壤电导率和速效钾含量均显著下降,分别下降了20.26%~57.21%和23.42%~37.80%;而有机质含量和有效磷含量显著升高,分别升高了39.16%~53.01%和106.48%~259.92%。种植植物样地土壤中PLFA种类明显增加,微生物群落也有所改变,3个植物样地土壤中总PFLAs含量和革兰氏阴性菌、放线菌、AM真菌、真核生物、真菌PFLA含量显著升高,分别升高21.53%~103.32%、4.96%~63.37%、82.91%~222.72%、50.00%~160.25%、32.05%~268.59%、19.39%~454.77%;真菌/细菌(F/B)PFLA含量也显著升高1.00~6.50倍,而革兰氏阳性菌PFLA含量和革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G-)PFLA含量却显著下降,分别下降了48.06%~57.78%和59.77%~68.68%。此外,种植植物样地土壤微生物群落结构多样性也明显提高。研究表明,种植费菜和蒲公英可以降低滨海盐土土壤电导率,有利于土壤有机质的积累,同时其促进多种微生物的繁殖,可有效改善滨海盐土的微生态环境。     

PLFA方法研究连作对加工番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

通过在石河子大学农学院试验站开展加工番茄连作定点微区试验,采用氯仿熏蒸和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法相结合,研究了不同连作处理(种植1 a、连作3 a、5 a和7 a)对新疆加工番茄花果期和成熟期根际土壤微生物群落结构及土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明,连作导致土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)和微生物熵(q MB)下降,SMBC/SMBN升高,而微生物量磷(SMBP)随连作年限和生育期的变化而不同。连作显著增加了真菌PLFAs含量,降低了细菌PLFAs含量、土壤PLFAs总量及细菌/真菌PLFAs的比值,而放线菌PLFAs含量变化无规律。连作7 a时,成熟期的细菌PLFAs含量、土壤PLFAs总量较对照分别减少62.9%、50.3%(P0.05),而真菌PLFAs含量较对照升高60.2%(P0.05)。从多样性指数分析看,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Brillouin指数和Pielou指数均随连作年限的延长呈先升后降的变化,其中连作3 a时各项指数最大,连作7 a时最小,表明在本试验年限范围内,连作使得微生物群落多样性与均匀程度皆出现了一定程度的降低。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物各类群PLFAs量、微生物量及土壤肥力之间存在相关性,说明土壤微生物量与土壤肥沃程度相关,可作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。可见,加工番茄连作改变了土壤微生物群落结构,降低了土壤微生物量,最终在根际土壤微生态系统和环境因子等因素的综合作用下产生连作障碍。     

敌敌畏杀虫剂对桃树叶际微生物群落结构的影响

采用平板计数法和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析方法评价了喷施敌敌畏杀虫剂后对桃树叶际微生物群落的影响。平板计数法分析结果表明,经80%敌敌畏乳油的1000倍液喷雾处理后,可培养微生物数量低于喷水对照。PLFA分析结果显示,桃树叶际真菌标记物18：1ω9t磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）含量最高,超过总PLFAs含量的60%;喷施杀虫剂后,叶际微生物PLFAs的含量、种类均有所增加,明显有别于喷水对照;并且增加敌敌畏处理次数会增强其对叶际微生物群落影响的显著性。PLFAs主成分分析表明,处理1d后不同样品的叶际微生物群落结构差异最明显,7d后,不同处理样品的叶际微生物群落结构差异变小。     

水稻土微生物群落、酶活性及理化性质对有机肥、石灰连续施用的响应

【目的】探究水稻土微生物群落、酶活性及理化性质对有机肥、石灰连续施用的响应规律,为培育健康水稻土提供理论依据。【方法】于2014年冬季,选取湘东双季稻区典型酸紫泥田,分别进行了连续施用鸡粪发酵商品有机肥、生石灰的大田试验。每年早、晚稻翻耕前各撒施一次有机肥、石灰,施用量均为2.25 t/hm²,分别以不施有机肥、石灰的处理为对照。在处理后第3年(2017年)和第7年(2021年)晚稻黄熟期,采集表层(0—15 cm)混合土壤样品,测定土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)含量、酶活性及理化性质,筛选指示性强、响应敏感的土壤指标。基于土壤理化性质与生物学性质间的相互关系,构建结构方程模型,解析土壤PLFAs含量与酶活性对有机肥、石灰处理的响应机理。【结果】与对照相比,有机肥连施3年后,土壤革兰氏阴性菌(G^-)PLFAs含量提高23%,革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌值(G⁺/G^-)因而降低29%;连施7年后,总PLFAs、细菌、革兰氏阳性菌(G⁺)和放线菌PLFAs含量分别提高16%、13...     

模拟氮沉降下施石灰对休耕红壤优势植物根际土壤微生物群落的影响

氮沉降引起红壤酸化加剧和土壤生态系统功能退化。采用休耕植物自然演替恢复土壤生物多样性和生态系统功能;同时,针对氮沉降造成的土壤酸化,通过施石灰来调控土壤pH,以期加速土壤生态恢复进程。土壤微生物群落结构的改变能够指示土壤恢复措施的影响。为探究氮沉降背景下,石灰施用措施对休耕红壤生态功能的恢复效果,以高强度农作休耕地上最初出现的优势植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv)根际为研究对象,研究模拟氮沉降(0kg·hm~(–2)、45kg·hm~(–2)和90kg·hm~(–2))下施石灰(0 kg·hm~(–2)和110 kg·hm~(–2))对根际土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明,模拟氮沉降降低了各类群微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)量、革兰氏阴/阳性细菌比及香农多样性指数。在没有额外施氮的处理中,施石灰降低了各类群微生物PLFA量。而氮和石灰交互作用下,各类群微生物PLFA量均随氮沉降量增加而增加。结构方程模型显示,石灰对微生物群落的影响最为强烈;模拟氮沉降和施石灰通过综合影响土壤pH、养分有效性及植物—微生物养分竞争而改变微生物群落结构和多样性。总之,模拟氮沉降下施用石灰措施能够改善休耕红壤生境,降低因氮沉降造成的酸化对根际微生物群落的危害,加速土壤生态系统恢复。     

放牧与围栏内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮变化及微生物群落结构PLFA分析

以内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原为研究对象,采用氯仿熏蒸法和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析方法研究了放牧与围栏条件下内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量和群落结构特征的变化情况。研究表明放牧与围栏草地土壤微生物生物量和群落结构差异显著。氯仿熏蒸法分析结果表明内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳的含量介于166.6-703.5mg·kg^-1之间,微生物生物量氮含量介于30.34-92.15mg·kg^-1之间,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮最高,大针茅草原次之,克氏针茅草原则最低。放牧条件下,贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮显著低于围栏草地,克氏针茅草原则无显著变化。PLFA分析结果显示,内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落PLFAs种类、含量丰富,共检测出28种PLFA生物标记磷脂脂肪酸,并且以直链饱和脂肪酸和支链饱和脂肪酸为主,相对含量占总量的2/3左右,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物含量最丰富,其围栏样地土壤的PLFA含量达到27.3nmol·g-1,大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原依次降低。围栏条件下,各类型草原土壤细菌脂肪酸与总PLFA含量均显著高于放牧草地,真菌脂肪酸含量则因草原类型不同各有差异;放牧导致各类型草原革兰氏阳性细菌PLFAs/革兰氏阴性细菌PLFAs（GPPLFAs/GNPLFAs）比值显著降低,而除了克氏针茅草原,细菌PLFAs/真菌PLFAs比值则显著升高。PLFAs主成分分析表明,放牧和围栏处理对内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构产生影响,且围栏处理的影响程度大于放牧处理。经相关分析表明,氯仿熏蒸法和PLFA分析方法之间有很好的一致性,且土壤微生物PLFAs与土壤有机质、全磷、硝态氮显著相关。     

甘薯连作对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探究甘薯连作后根际土壤微生物群落结构变化,以徐薯18(耐连作品种)和遗字138(不耐连作品种)为试验材料,连作2年,于栽植初期和收获前期分别采集根际土壤,利用磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)分析其根际土壤微生物群落结构变化。结果表明,连作后,2个品种根际土壤的总PLFA含量均有所提高,与2015年相比,2016年栽植初期遗字138根际土壤真菌和放线菌PLFA的增加量分别是徐薯18的3.5倍和1.24倍,且均达到显著水平;F/B和G⁺/G^-在不同采样时期有所不同;主成分分析提取的2个主成分解释了89.05%的变异,其中PC1解释了76.91%的变异,PC2解释了12.14%的变异。2个品种连作前后差异明显。休闲期甘薯根际土壤微生物含量增多,这可能有助于缓解连作障碍。综上,甘薯连作导致甘薯根际土壤微生物群落结构失衡,特别是不耐连作品种连作后导致真菌数量明显增加。本研究结果为应用生态防控技术缓解连作障碍提供了理论依据。     

马铃薯间作栽培对土壤微生物群落结构与功能的影响

为揭示作物种间作用对土壤微生物的影响机制,本研究通过田间定位试验,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)等方法,研究马铃薯与蚕豆、马铃薯与荞麦间作下土壤微生物群落结构及功能的变化规律。结果表明,与单作马铃薯相比,马铃薯/蚕豆、马铃薯/荞麦间作后土壤细菌、放线菌生物量均有所提高,革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌比值升高。培养120 h时,马铃薯/荞麦间作较马铃薯/蚕豆间作土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)高,土壤微生物对主要碳源化合物的利用能力增强;与马铃薯单作相比,马铃薯/蚕豆间作土壤微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度指数分别降低了35.6%、47.0%,但优势度指数增加了2.07倍;马铃薯/荞麦间作土壤微生物群落的丰富度指数降低了13.7%,但均匀度和优势度指数分别增加了8.8%和3.4%。多元分析(RDA)结果表明,间作栽培条件下土壤微生物群落组成及功能多样性与土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾有相关关系。综上,马铃薯与不同作物间作栽培能够改变土壤微生态环境,影响土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性。本研究为宁夏南部山区马铃薯合理间作作物选择提供了科学依据。     

基于高通量测序研究草莓根际微生物群落结构和多样性

研究草莓根际土壤微生物群落组成和结构,对健康草莓土壤生态系统的构建和保持具有重要意义。以不同地区草莓根际土壤为研究样本,利用MiSeq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S rRNA基因V4+V5区域和真菌ITS1+ITS2区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。结果表明:从15个草莓根际土壤样本中获得4554个细菌分类操作单元OTU和1298个真菌OTU,草莓根际土壤的优势细菌门为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门,主要的优势细菌属有16种;优势真菌门为子囊菌门、接合菌门和担子菌门,主要的优势真菌属有8种。冗余分析(RDA)显示,全氮和pH对土壤微生物群落结构的影响最大,共解释了61%的群落变化,各因子的贡献率大小依次为土壤全氮pH有效磷全钾全磷有机质速效钾碱解氮;相关性分析也表明,土壤理化指标均与不同优势菌门存在密切的相关关系。本研究结果加深了对草莓根际微生物群落结构和多样性的认识,为深入研究草莓根际微生物多样性及功能与环境因子之间的关系提供了借鉴。     

土壤微生物群落结构与多样性对农田集约化管理程度降低的响应

Using a scheme of agricultural fields with progressively less intensive management （deintensification）, different management practices in six agroecosystems located near Goldsboro, NC, USA were tested in a large-scale experiment, including two cash-grain cropping systems employing either tillage （CT） or no-tillage （NT）, an organic farming system （OR）, an integrated cropping system with animals （IN）, a successional field （SU）, and a plantation woodlot （WO）. Microbial phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） profiles and substrate utilization patterns （BIOLOG ECO plates） were measured to examine the effects of deintensification on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. Principle component analyses of PLFA and BIOLOG data showed that the microbial community structure diverged among the soils of the six systems.Lower microbial diversity was found in lowly managed ecosystem than that in intensive and moderately managed agroecosystems, and both fungal contribution to the total identified PLFAs and the ratio of microbial biomass C/N increased along with agricultural deintensification. Significantly higher ratios of C/N （P 〈 0.05） were found in the WO and SU systems, and for fungal/bacterial PLFAs in the WO system （P 〈 0.05）. There were also significant decreases （P 〈 0.05） along with agricultural deintensification for contributions of total bacterial and gram positive （G＋） bacterial PLFAs.Agricultural deintensification could facilitate the development of microbial communities that favor soil fungi over bacteria.     

外源铬对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)根际土壤微生物生物量和磷脂脂肪酸的剖面分布特征的影响

The effects of root activity on microbial response to cadmium （Cd） loading in the rhizosphere are not well understood. A pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to investigate the effects of low Cd loading and root activity on microbial biomass and community structure in the rhizosphere of pakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.） on silty clay loam and silt loamy soil. Cd was added into soil as Cd（NO3）2 to reach concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 7.00 mg kg-1. The microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and community structure were affected by Cd concentration, root activity, and soil type. Lower Cd loading rates （〈 1.00 mg kg-1） stimulated the growth of pakchoi and microorganisms, but higher Cd concentrations inhibited the growth of microorganisms. The content of phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） was sensitive to increased Cd levels. MBC was linearly correlated with the total PLFAs. The content of general PLFAs in the fungi was positively correlated with the available Cd in the soil, whereas those in the bacteria and actinomycetes were negatively correlated with the available Cd in the soil. These results indicated that fungi were more resistant to Cd stress than bacteria or actinomycetes, and the latter was the most sensitive to Cd stress. Microbial biomass was more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Root activity enhanced the growth of microorganisms and stabilized the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere. PLFA analysis was proven to be sensitive in detecting changes in the soil microbial community in response to Cd stress and root activity.     

Identification of Metabolically Active Rhizosphere Microorganisms by Stable Isotopic Probing of PLFA in Switchgrass

Root-derived rhizodeposits of recent photosynthetic carbon (C) are the foremost source of energy for microbial growth and development in rhizosphere soil. A substantial amount of photosynthesized C by the plants is translocated to belowground and is released as root exudates that influence the structure and function of soil microbial communities with potential inference in nutrient and C cycling in the ecosystem. We applied the ¹³C pulse chase labeling technique to evaluate the incorporation of rhizodeposit-C into the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Soil samples of bulk and rhizosphere were taken at 1, 5, 10 and 20 days after labeling and analyzed for ¹³C enrichment in the microbial PLFAs. Temporal differences of ¹³C enrichment in PLFAs were more prominent than spatial differences. Among the microbial PLFA biomarkers, fungi and Gram-negative (GM-ve) bacterial PLFAs showed rapid enrichment with ¹³C compared to Gram-positive (GM+ve) and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil. The ¹³C enrichment of actinomycetes biomarker PLFA significantly increased along with sampling time in both soils. PLFAs indicative to fungi, GM-ve and GM+ve showed a significant decrease in ¹³C enrichment over sampling time in the rhizosphere, but a decrease was also observed in GM-ve (16:1ω5c) and fungal biomarker PLFAs in the bulk soil. The relative ¹³C concentration in fungal PLFA decreased on day 10, whereas those of GM-ve increased on day 5 and GM+ve remained constant in the rhizosphere soil. However, the relative ¹³C concentrations of GM-ve and GM+ve increased on days 5 and 10, respectively, and those of fungal remain constant in the bulk soil. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of ¹³C pulse chase labeling together with PLFA analysis to evaluate the active involvement of microbial community groups for utilizing rhizodeposit-C.     

蘑菇生长过程中覆土内微生物群落结构的变化特征

The culturable bacterial population and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile of casing soil were investigated at different mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cropping stages. The change in soil bacterial PLFAs was always accompanied by a change in the soil culturable bacterial population in the first flush. Comparatively higher culturable bacterial population and bacterial PLFAs were found in the casing soil at the primordia formation stage of the first flush. There was a significant increase in the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs during mushroom growth. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that the mushroom cropping stage could considerably affect the microbial community structure of the casing soil. The bacterial population increased significantly from casing soil application to the primordia formation stage of the first flush. Casing soil application resulted in an increase in the ratio of gram-negative bacterial PLFAs to gram-positive bacterial PLFAs, suggesting that some gram-negative bacteria might play an important role in mushroom sporophore initiation.     

Short-term effect of tillage and crop rotation on microbial community structure and enzyme activities of a clay loam soil

A field study was carried out to analyze the short-term (2 years) effect of tillage and crop rotation on microbial community structure and enzyme activities of a clay loam soil. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement of treatments, consisting of two tillage treatments—ridge tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT)—in combination with two crop rotation treatments—corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture and a 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were used to assess soil microbial community structure. No-tillage resulted in significantly higher total PLFAs compared to the RT treatment, which was accompanied by higher activities of protease, β-glucosaminidase, and β-glucosidase. This suggests a close link between soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in response to tillage. The increase of total microbial lipid biomass in the NT soils was due to the increase in both fungal and bacterial PLFAs. Crop rotation had little effect on soil bacterial communities and enzyme activities, but it significantly influenced soil fungal communities, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soils under monoculture corn had higher fungal biomass than soils under corn-soybean rotation regardless of tillage treatment.     

Structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Scots pine after tree-felling

We evaluated changes occurring in the rhizosphere microbial communities of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) due to tree-felling and decrease of the photosynthetic C flow into the soil under field conditions over one growing season. Samples were taken from tree rhizospheres, freshly felled stump rhizospheres and bulk soil. We used culture dependent (CFU counts, community level physiological profiles, CLPPs) and independent methods (fluorogenic MUF-substrates, PLFA pattern and PCR-DGGE) to monitor the microbial communities in soil samples. The numbers of cultivable bacteria and amounts of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of trees were significantly higher compared with those in the bulk soil. The organic C consuming community measured by CLPP was stimulated directly after the tree-felling in stump rhizospheres; utilization of the disintegration components of cellulose, hemicellulose and chitin increased. Furthermore, bacterial and fungal biomass as well as chitin decomposers (CFU) increased in the stump rhizosphere. After 11 weeks of tree-felling the stump rhizosphere soluble PO₄-P and NH₄-N as well as amounts of total C and N began to resemble the concentrations measured in the bulk soil. However, the stump rhizosphere community structure detected by PLFA and PCR-DGGE still resembled that of the tree rhizosphere.     

光照驱动花生间作系统根际细菌群落结构演变和产量提升机制的研究

为探明间作体系中光照条件对矮杆作物产量及根际微生物群落影响的因果关系,本研究依托江苏省农业科学院玉米/花生间作长期试验平台,通过带状间作行朝向设置低光(LL)与高光(HL)条件,利用同位素标记和高通量测序技术,研究不同光照条件下矮杆花生根际光合碳分泌对根际细菌群落结构及作物产量的影响。结果表明：①提高花生冠层光截获增加了花生根际光合碳分配；②光照条件差异引起了花生根际细菌群落结构及关键细菌类群变化；③高光照条件通过改变间作花生根际功能细菌群落提升花生产量。研究结果为优化间作种植管理措施,增加高矮作物间作体系产量提供了新思路。     

干旱热带地区土地利用变化对土壤微生物群落组成及有机碳含量的影响

Restoration of forests poses a major challenge globally,particularly in the tropics,as the forests in these regions are more vulnerable to land-use change.We studied land-use change from natural forest (NF) to degraded forest (DF),and subsequently to either Jatropha curcas plantation (JP) or agroecosystem (AG),in the dry tropics of Uttar Pradesh,India,with respect to its impacts on soil microbial community composition as indicated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers and soil organic carbon (SOC) content.The trend of bacterial PLFAs across all land-use types was in the order:NF ＞ JP ＞ DF＞ AG.In NF,there was dominance of gram-negative bacterial (G-) PLFAs over the corresponding gram-positive bacterial (G+) PLFAs.The levels of G-PLFAs in AG and JP differed significantly from those in DF,whereas those of G+ PLFAs were relatively similar in these three land-use types.Fungal PLFAs,however,followed a different trend:NF ＞ JP ＞ DF =AG.Total PLFAs,fungal/bacterial (F/B) PLFA ratio,and SOC content followed trends similar to that of bacterial PLFAs.Across all land-use types,there were strong positive relationships between SOC content and G-,bacterial,fungal,and total microbial PLFAs and F/B PLFA ratio.Compared with bacterial PLFAs,fungal PLFAs appeared to be more responsive to land-use change.The F/B PLFA ratio,fungal PLFAs,and bacterial PLFAs explained 91％,94％,and 73％ of the variability in SOC content,respectively.The higher F/B PLFA ratio in JP favored more soil C storage,leading to faster ecosystem recovery compared to either AG or DF.The F/B PLFA ratio could be used as an early indicator of ecosystem recovery in response to disturbance,particularly in relation to land-use change.     

温度和秸秆质量调节与秸秆分解相关的微生物磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）组成

Variations in temperature and moisture play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. However, relationships between changes in microbial community composition induced by increasing temperature and SOM decomposition are still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and moisture levels on soil respiration and microbial communities involved in straw decomposition and elucidate the impact of microbial communities on straw mass loss. A 120-d litterbag experiment was conducted using wheat and maize straw at three levels of soil moisture (40%, 70%, and 90% of water-holding capacity) and temperature (15, 25, and 35°C). The microbial communities were then assessed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. With the exception of fungal PLFAs in maize straw at day 120, the PLFAs indicative of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi decreased with increasing temperatures. Temperature and straw C/N ratio significantly affected the microbial PLFA composition at the early stage, while soil microbial biomass carbon (C) had a stronger effect than straw C/N ratio at the later stage. Soil moisture levels exhibited no significant effect on microbial PLFA composition. Total PLFAs significantly influenced straw mass loss at the early stage of decomposition, but not at the later stage. In addition, the ratio of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial PLFAs was negatively correlated with the straw mass loss. These results indicated that shifts in microbial PLFA composition induced by temperature, straw quality, and microbial C sources could lead to changes in straw decomposition.