Mehlich 3法与常规分析方法在测定土壤有效P、K的比较研究

采用Mehlich 3法和常规分析方法测定赤红土和红土的有效磷、有效钾,结果表明,Mehlich 3法测得的有效磷、有效钾与常规方法测定的呈显著的相关。赤红土上的玉米生物试验结果表明:Mehilch 3法测定的土壤有效磷、有效钾含量与玉米吸收的磷、钾量以及玉米的株高、干重呈显著相关。     

ASI法速测土壤指标与植物N吸收的相关性研究

本研究选用ASI法对山西褐土41个、河南潮土73个、辽宁棕壤43个、黑龙江黑土69个土样进行了土壤硝态N(ASI-NO3--N)、铵态N(ASI-NH4+-N)、碱溶有机质(ASI-OM)的测定,同时用常规方法测定了碱解N和有机质。并对测定值进行了相关性分析。同时选取土壤进行盆栽试验以验证ASI法测定值与植物吸N量的相关性。结果表明:四类土壤ASI-NO3--N与碱解N测定结果达到了极显著相关(褐土r=0.89**,潮土r=0.79**,棕壤r=0.90**,r=0.47**),四类土壤ASI-OM与常规方法有机质测定结果均达到了极显著正相关(褐土r=0.92**,潮土r=0.88**,棕壤r=0.93**,黑土r=0.96**),ASI-NH4+-N与碱解N测定结果也均达到了极显著正相关(褐土r=0.76**,潮土r=0.64**,棕壤r=0.97**,黑土r=0.61**)。褐土、棕壤土壤ASI-NO3--N含量与植物吸N量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),潮土、黑土土壤ASI-NO3--N含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。褐土、棕壤土壤ASI-NH4+-N含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),潮土、黑土土壤ASI-NH4+-N含量与植物吸N量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。除褐土土壤ASI-OM含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关外(P<0.05),潮土、棕壤、黑土土壤ASI-OM含量与植物吸N量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同土壤类型Mehlich3方法与常规方法测定土壤养分相关性研究

采取Mehlich3(以下简称M3)方法和常规标准方法测定了土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾,分析了两种测定结果的相关性,得出水稻土有效磷相关系数为0.8529,速效钾相关系数为0.8655。草甸土土壤有机质Mehlich3方法与常规方法相关系数达到为0.9659,有效钾Mehlich3方法与常规方法相关系数达到0.9606。M3方法与常规方法测定土壤养分有一定的相关性,其数值可以相互转换利用。     

无土栽培基质速效磷测定方法的研究

将4种土壤速效磷测定方法 [Olsen法(常规方法)、Bary1法、ASI法、Mehlich3法]用于无土栽培基质速效磷的测定,结果表明:在显著水平α=0.05,ASI法与Olsen法测定的速效磷没有显著性差异,而Bary1法和Meh-lich3法与Olsen法测定的速效磷存在极显著性差异,故ASI法可用于无土栽培基质速效磷的测定。     

Mehlich3方法与常规方法测定土壤养分相关性初步研究

采取Mehlich3(以下简称M3法)方法和常规标准方法测定了41个土壤样品的有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼。通过对两种方法测定结果的分析,探讨二者的相关性。土壤有效磷M3方法与常规方法相关系数达到0.9085,为最高,有效铜M3方法与常规方法相关系数为0.1556,为最低。有效铜、有效硼测定结果的相关性很差。M3方法与常规方法测定土壤养分在有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌上达到极显著水平,其数值可以通过回归方程相互转换利用。     

用三种浸提方法研究长期定位试验中土壤磷素有效性

基于15年石灰性潮土长期定位施肥试验，用水浸提法、Olsen法、Mehlich3法研究土壤磷素有效性。结果表明：长期不施磷的处理，土壤磷素有效性常年维持在本底的极低水平；施磷均能增加水溶性磷、Olsen—P、Mehlich3-P的含量，但磷钾配施及大量施用有机肥的效果最明显，其次是有机肥与NPK配施，只施无机肥（NPK，NP）增加的幅度相对较小；然而，在当前的施磷水平下，土壤“不缺磷”，但不能建立较大的有效磷库，并且以Olsen—P、Mehlich3-P的临界点为标准，土壤磷素流失的风险不大；水溶性磷、Olsen—P、Mehlich3-P的比值约为1：10：25，用幂函数、指数方程、对数方程能较好地模拟3种浸提磷之间的转化关系；水溶性磷、Olsen—P、Mehlich3-P与作物地上部吸磷量均达到极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0．563，0．854和0．930，表明用水浸提法、Olsen法、Mehlich3法研究长期定位试验中土壤磷素的有效性均可行。     

我国南方地区典型红壤有效磷测定方法研究

通过油菜和水稻的盆栽试验,研究不同耕作方式下红壤有效磷的测定方法。结果表明:不同方法测得的土壤有效磷值差异较大,其中以Olsen法测定的有效磷值最小,各方法测得的土壤有效磷值之间均达到极显著的相关水平;各方法测得的有效磷值与作物吸磷量和生物量的相关性在旱地土壤上均达到极显著水平,在水田土壤上达到显著水平;其中以Bray I法测定的值与作物吸磷量及生长相关性最好,建议将Bray I法作为南方酸性土壤的有效磷测定方法。     

常规浸提剂与联合浸提剂测定我国北方石灰性土壤有效磷钾的比较

使用常规浸提剂与两种联合浸提剂Mehlich 3(M3)、ASI分别测定了中国8个地区10种土壤样品的有效磷、速效钾含量,分析比较了常规浸提剂与两种联合浸提剂测定土壤有效磷速效钾的差异性及相关性。统计分析表明,对于有效磷,M3、ASI两种联合浸提剂的浸提结果均大于常规浸提剂的浸提结果,且M3浸提剂浸提结果的变幅较常规浸提剂浸提结果相对较小,而精确度较高。相关分析表明,常规浸提结果与M3浸提结果呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.680。对于速效钾,M3浸提剂的浸提量较常规浸提剂相近,常规浸提量与M3浸提量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.996。综合而言,M3这种联合浸提剂是测定土壤有效磷、速效钾的理想浸提方法。     

山西省菜园土壤磷素积累特征及流失风险分析

为了解山西省不同区域菜园土壤磷素积累以及流失情况, 本文分析了菜园土壤磷饱和度(DPS)、Mehlich3-P、Olsen-P与水溶性磷(Pw)的积累特征.结果表明: 山西各地菜园土壤4种磷素(土壤全磷、水溶性磷、Olsen-P和 Mehlich3-P)积累明显, 已经远远超过作物需求量; 土壤表层水溶性磷含量随着土壤磷饱和度(DPS)、Olsen-P、Mehlich3-P含量的增加而增加; 且Mehlich3-P与Olsen-P、水溶性磷与Olsen-P、水溶性磷与Mehlich3-P之间具有极显著相关性, 相关系数分别为0.976 6、0.923 2、0.962 0 (P<0.01); 当磷饱和度大于46.64%、Olsen-P大于81.88 mg·kg-1、Mehlich3-P大于164.59 mg·kg-1时, 水溶性磷含量上升幅度迅速增大, 由此将土壤磷饱和度为46.64%、Olsen-P 为81.88 mg·kg-1、Mehlich3-P为164.59 mg·kg-1和水溶性磷为8.05 mg·kg-1初步确定为山西省菜园土壤磷素流失的临界值.该结果将为探讨山西农田土壤磷素的养分管理和环境风险评估提供重要的理论依据.     

基于几种土壤测试方法的华南菜田磷素丰缺指标研究

依托2002—2009年开展的蔬菜田间试验结果,土样分别用Olsen法、Mehlich 1法、Mehlich 3法和ASI法测定其有效磷含量,建立上述测试方法的菜田土壤磷素丰缺指标,并进行不同测试方法的相关研究。以蔬菜产量＜75%、75%～90%、90%～95%和＞95%为标准,将菜田土壤有效磷分为“低”、“中”、“高”和“极高”4个肥力等级; 对应的土壤有效磷丰缺指标Olsen-P为＜23、23～59、59～81和＞81 mg/kg; M1-P为＜19、19～102、102～179和＞179 mg/kg; M3-P为＜19、19～96、96～165和＞165 mg/kg; ASI-P为＜22、22～68、68～98和＞98 mg/kg。Olsen法、M3法、M1法和ASI法4种方法,两两的相关性均达到极显著水平。     

无土栽培基质速效钾测定方法的比较

将4种土壤速效钾测定方法用于无土栽培基质中速效钾的测定,测定结果经统计分析表明,2 mol.L-1冷HNO3、Mehlich3和ASI 3种方法与1mol.L-1中性NH4OAc法测定的速效钾存在极显著的相关性,并且在显著水平α=0.05,ASI法与Mehlich3法的速效钾测定结果没有显著性差异。这两种方法都可以用于无土栽培基质速效钾的测定。     

Comparison of phosphorus impregnation and bray 1 soil tests for evaluating plant available phosphorus

Abstract

The relationship between soil test phosphorus and crop response has not been studied for maize (Zea mays L.) in some major benchmark soils of Zambia. The suitable soil test procedure for estimating available P needs to be identified. The objective of this study was to compare two soil test methods, impregnation of phosphorus (Pi) and Bray 1, in predicting P requirement of maize grown in Makeni (fine, mixed Isohyperthermic Udic Paleustalf), Maheba (clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Haplic Acrustox), and Konkola soil series (fine, oxidic, isohyperthermic oxic, Rhodustalf). The three soil series were treated with 0, 262, 524, and 1,048 mg P per pot as triple superphosphate (TSP). Maize was grown in pots, and after 8 weeks the plants were harvested and analyzed for total P concentration. Phosphorus uptake (P uptake) was calculated as a product of P concentration in the plant and maize dry matter yield. The soil was dried, sieved and analyzed for available P. The available P content estimated by Bray 1, and Pi soil tests was correlated with maize dry matter yield, and P uptake. The P which was extracted from Makeni soil series by Pi soil test correlated highly significantly (r=0.996**) with maize dry matter yield, but the correlation of maize dry matter yield and P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was not significant (r=0.908 ns), Correlation of P uptake with P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was high and more significant (r=0.991 * *), than correlation with P extracted by Pi soil test (r=0.958*). The P extracted from Makeni soil series by Pi soil test correlated highly significantly (r=0.996**) with maize dry matter yield, but the correlation of maize dry matter yield and P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was not significant (r=0.908 ns), Correlation of P uptake with P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was high and significant (r=0.990**), as well as correlation with P extracted by Pi soil test (r=0.958**). The correlation of P extracted from Maheba soil series by Pi soil test and maize dry matter yield followed the same trend as for Makeni series with correlation of r=0.990**. The correlation of P uptake and P extracted by Pi soil test was high but less significant (r=0.955*) than that for Makeni soil series. The correlation of P extracted by Bray 1 soil test with maize dry matter yield was high (r=0.973 *) and significant, but the correlation with P uptake was low and not significant (r=0.879 ns). The available P extracted from Konkola soil series by both Bray 1 and Pi soil tests produced poor and not significant correlation with maize dry matter yield, as well as P uptake. The results show that Bray 1 soil test extracted larger amounts of P from all the three soil series than P impregnation (Pi) soil test. The results further demonstrated that Pi soil test was consistently more closely related to P uptake and dry matter yield of maize grown in Makeni and Maheba soil series. Therefore, Pi soil test was more effective than Bray 1 soil test in evaluating soil solution P that the plant usually takes up.     

Mehlich 3 or modified olsen for soil testing in Malawi

Abstract

Soil nutrient extraction methods, which are currently being used in Malawi, are time consuming and require too many resources. The use of a universal soil extractant would greatly reduce resource requirements. The objectives of the study were to (i) compare the universal soil extractants, Mehlich 3 (M3) and Modified Olsen (MO) with ammonium acetate (AA), Bray P1 (BPl), and diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) in the amount of nutrients extracted, (ii) determine the relationship among the extractants for the nutrients they extract, and (iii) determine the critical soil‐test levels of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) for a maize crop. Missing nutrient trials involving P, K, and Zn were conducted on thirty sites across Malawi using maize (Zea mays L.). Phosphorus application rates ranged from 40 to 207 kg P₂O₅ ha^‐1. Potassium and Zn were applied at 75 kg K₂O and 10 kg Zn ha^‐1, respectively. Procedures of Cate and Nelson were used to identify soil nutrient critical levels. Results showed that the correlations between M3 and BP1, and MO and BPl were highly significant (r=0.93, 0.94, respectively). Mehlich 3 extractable K and AA extractable K (r=0.90), MO and AA extractable K (r=0.94) were highly significant (P<0.01) and the correlations between M3 and AA and MO and AA extractable calcium (Ca) (r=0.92, 0.90, and 0.94, respectively) were also highly significant (P<0.01). The correlations between M3, MO, and AA extractable magnesium (Mg) (r=0.99) were highly significant (P<0.01). Zinc, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) extracted with M3 and DTPA were significantly correlated (r=0.89, 0.87, and 0.95, respectively). Correlations between MO and DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, and Mn were also highly correlated (r=0.89,0.85, and 0.95, respectively). Maize grain yields ranged from 730 to 9,400 kg ha^‐1. Mehlich 3‐P and MO‐P critical levels were 31.5 and 28.0 μg g^‐1, respectively. Mehlich 3 and MO gave a similar critical level of 0.2 cmol kg^‐1 for K while Zn critical levels were 2.5, and 0.8 μg g^‐1 for M3 and MO, respectively. Mehlich 3 and MO were equally effective in separating responsive to none responsive soils for maize in Malawi.     

Evaluation of Mehlich 3 extractant for estimating phosphorus deficiency and phosphorus sorption of Zimbabwean soils

Abstract

The Mehlich 3 extractant was compared with the resin method for its ability to predict the phosphorus (P) status of Zimbabwean soils. Correlation of P extraction between the two methods and with plant growth was found to vary with soil texture. Because the Mehlich 3 extractant was less influenced by texture, it was better able to predict the P status over a wide range of soil types. The Mehlich 3 extractant correctly predicted P deficiency for all Zimbabwean soils, except for those that contained visible calcium carbonate. Mehlich 3‐extractable aluminum (Al) was very highly correlated with the maximum P‐sorption capacity of a wide range of soils, excluding those with calcium carbonate. Adoption of the Mehlich 3 extractant for multiple elemental analysis of soils in Zimbabwe is recommended, particularly if routine Al measurement is included as an indicator of soil P requirements.     

Comparison of four phosphorus extraction methods on three acid southeastern soils

Abstract

Phosphorus extractants have not been tested extensively in the Southeast. An experiment was carried out to compare four P extractant methods using samples from a field P‐K factorial experiment with soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) at three locations in Georgia over four years. There were five P rates ranging from none to 80 kg ha^‐1. Soils and plant tissue were sampled at mid‐summer and yields were recorded. The four P extractants compared were Olsen, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 2, and Bray 1. Quadratic regressions for soil P versus plant P and P rates were not significant compared to linear regressions. There were no significant yield responses to P. All extractants except Olsen were similar in their response to added fertilizer P as measured by linear r² values. Olsen P gave lower linear r² values both with P rate and with plant P. Mehlich 1 values were highly correlated with Mehlich 2 (0.94**) and Bray 1 (0.96**). Mehlich 2 and Bray 1 gave nearly the same soil P values with linear regressions of slope of 1.0 and low intercepts. Results from these experiments show that Mehlich 1, Mehlich 2, or Bray 1 could be used successfully on these soils, but that Olsen should be avoided.     

Evaluation of Agro Services International Soil Test Method for Phosphorus and Potassium

Soil testing is widely adopted as an essential diagnostic tool for identifying soil nutrient factors that limit sustained crop production. A systematic approach for rapid soil testing and fertilizer recommendation has been introduced and widely used in China by Agro Services International (ASI), USA. To verify the usefulness and reliability of the ASI method in soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in comparison with other commonly used traditional soil testing methods, 294 soil samples from major agricultural regions and soil types in China with a wide range of soil pH, from 5.1 to 8.9, were taken and analyzed for available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) by the ASI multielement extraction solution and selected traditional methods, Olsen extractant for P, ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) extractant for K, and multielement extractant Mehlich 3 for P and K. Also, 46 soils were selected from northern China regions for a greenhouse trial with sorghum seedlings to determine if the soil testing values correlate well with plant response. Results indicated that the amount of soil P extracted by the ASI method (ASI P) was correlated to both soil extractable P tested by the Olsen extractant (Olsen P) and Mehlich 3 extractant (Mehlich 3 P). The correlation coefficient of ASI P with Mehlich 3 P (R² = 0.86) was greater than that of ASI P with Olsen P (R² = 0.74) across all selected soils. A good correlation was also found between the exchangeable K from the ASI method with the traditional ammonium acetate method (R² = 0.81) and the Mehlich 3 method (R² = 0.85). The results from the greenhouse trial showed that the extractable P and exchangeable K by the ASI multielement extraction solution could be used to represent the fertility status of soil P and K for the selected soils. Regression analysis indicated that the relative dry-matter yield of the sorghum plants can be predicted with either ASI P and ASI K values with the correlation coefficients (R²) values of 0.78 and 0.72 respectively and could be a good measure for soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in the selected soils and regions in China.     

Comparison of extractable phosphorus from two sulfuric acid methods with the Mehlich phosphorus test number one

Abstract

All mineral phosphates in soil dissolve more completely when HCl is mixed with H₂SO₄ than with the HCl alone. It was hypothesized that a new extracting solution of H₂SO₄ alone with the same ionic strength or the same acidity as the Mehlich P1 extractant would extract similar amounts of soil phosphorus (P) as the Mehlich P1 soil test. Thirty six acid soils from Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Colorado were used in this study. These acid soils reflect wide ranges in parent materials, texture, pH, organic matter, and available soil P. They were analyzed for available soil P with the Mehlich P1 soil test and with the two H₂SO₄ methods: Method A has an extracting solution of same ionic strength (0.0875M) as the Mehlich P1 extractant, and Method B was an extracting solution of the same acidity (0.0375M) as the Mehlich P1 extractant. Correlations between the results of Mehlich P1 with Method A and Method B were 0.994 and 0.997, respectively. The measured test precision was <3.5% for all three methods. The new H₂SO₄ methods are simple and faster to conduct under routine operations than the original Mehlich P1 extractant, and because of the high correlations, the H₂SO₄ methods should predict crop response to P as well as the original Mehlich P1 extractant for acid soils.     

Soil Phosphorus Available for Crops and Grasses Extracted with Three Soil-Test Methods in Southern Brazilian Soils Amended with Phosphate Rock

The Mehlich 1 (M1) soil-test method has been used for soil phosphorus (P) extraction in southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to compare M1, Mehlich 3 (M3), and ionic exchange resin (resin) soil-test methods to evaluate the soil P available for crops and grasses in soils amended with phosphate rock (PR). Oxisol and Alfisol received triple superphosphate (TS) and PR. The M1 solution extracted greater P amounts in soils amended with PR compared with the M3 solution and resin methods. Lesser P amounts were extracted with the M3 solution. Crops yields were better associated with the P amounts extracted with M3 and resin methods in soils amended with PR. The results showed that M1 overestimates soil P availability to plants in soils amended with PR; the M3 solution best estimated the soil P available for crops and grasses in soils amended with PR.     

Comparison of mehlich 3, mehlich 1, ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA, 1.0M ammonium acetate,and 0.2M ammonium chloride for extraction of calcium,magnesium, phosphorus,and potassium for a wide range of soils

Abstract

Extractants employed for routine soil analysis vary from one laboratory to another. Lack of a universal soil extractant is a serious limitation for interpretation of analytical results from various laboratories on nutritional status of a given soil. This limitation can be overcome by developing functional relationships for concentrations of a given nutrient extractable by various extradants. In this study, extractability of Ca, Mg, P, and K in a wide range of soils (0–15 cm) from citrus groves in Florida representing 21 soil series, with varying cultural operations, were compared using Mehlich 3 (M3), Mehlich 1 (M1), ammonium acetate (NH₄AOc), pH = 7.0 (AA), 0.2M ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), and ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA (AB‐DTPA) extractants. Soil pH (0.01M CaCl₂) varied from 3.57 to 7.28. The concentrations of Ca or Mg extractable by M3, M1, AA, and NH₄Cl were strongly correlated with soil pH (r² = 0.381–0.482). Weak but significant correlations were also found between AB‐DTPA extractable Ca or Mg and soil pH (r² = 0.235–0.278). Soil pH relationships with extractable K were rather weak (r² = < 0.131) for M1 and NH₄Cl but non‐significant for M3, AB‐DTPA, and AA. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K extractable by M3 were significantly correlated with those by either M1, AA, or NH₄Cl extractants. Mehlich 3‐P was significantly correlated with P extractable by M1 extractant only. Mehlich 3 versus AB‐DTPA relationship was strong for K (r² = 0.964), weaker for Mg and P (r² = 0.180–0.319), and non‐significant for Ca. With the increasing emphasis on possible use of M3 as an universal soil extractant, data from this study support the hypothesis that M3 can be adapted as a suitable extractant for routine soil analysis.