工业化循环水福利养殖关键技术与智能装备的研究

基于水产福利养殖的理念,结合封闭循环水系统养殖环境可控性高的突出特点,倡导构建适合中国国情的工业化循环水福利养殖产业模式,已成为推动我国现代渔业可持续发展的战略需求。为此,本综述从工厂化循环水鱼类养殖福利影响因子分析、集约化养殖鱼类的福利需求、工厂化循环水模式下水产福利养殖的科学评价标准制定等方面入手,开展了封闭循环水系统实施福利养殖的关键技术与智能装备集成的研究,为今后规范我国水产工业化福利养殖的生产过程管控,建立水产福利养殖保障机制,真正提高水产品质量与安全水平提供理论和技术依据。     

团头鲂工厂化循环养殖效益初探

为加快水产养殖业绿色发展,国家大力实施池塘标准化改造,完善循环水和排水处理设施。工厂化循环养殖是一种将养殖尾水进行一系列的净化处理后再度回流到养殖池内进行鱼类养殖的健康养殖模式。这种模式不仅可以净化水质,还可以养出优质的水产品,提高水产品质量。为探测循环养殖系统的净化效果以及经济效益情况,本研究以团头鲂为养殖实验对象,进行工厂化循环养殖效益初探。     

直壁双管结构射流角度对方形圆弧角养殖池流场的影响研究

为改善水产养殖池内的水动力条件,同时兼顾降低工厂化循环水养殖的能源消耗,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)技术,建立对直双管(两个进水管布设于不相邻的两个直壁中间位置)入流的养殖池三维数值计算模型,对不同射流角度的方形圆弧角养殖池内流场特性开展数值模拟.结果显示:射流角...     

欧洲循环水养殖技术综述

综述了欧洲封闭循环水养殖业概况,介绍了欧洲循环水养殖在鱼类养殖中的应用和欧洲循环水养殖工艺及其特点,提出了几点对我国发展水产养殖业的借鉴意见。     

我国海水工业化养殖面临的机遇和挑战

工业化循化水养殖生产具有资源节约、环境友好和产品安全等特点,是水产养殖业的重要发展方向之一,也是实现水产养殖生产与环境和谐发展的重要途径。本文回顾了我国海水工业化循环水养殖的发展历程和目前主要存在的问题,探讨了该产业面临的发展机遇,提出了下一步的发展思路和重点任务。     

循环水工厂化养殖水质调控技术

<正>在水产养殖过程中,水质是一个不可忽视的重要方面,水质的好坏直接影响到养殖鱼类的生长发育,每一种鱼类都需要有适合其生存的水质条件。工厂化循环水养殖因其具有不受外界环境条件制约、节地省水、对环境污染小、可实现高密度健康养殖等优点而日益受到关注,并成为今后水产业的发展方向。循环水工厂化养殖因其养殖密度高,饵料投喂量大,在养殖过程中,因饵料残留,养殖鱼类排泄物的积     

我国工厂化循环水养殖发展研究报告

报告回顾、总结了我国水产工厂化循环水养殖发展的主要历程和现阶段的主要特点,分析了我国工厂化循环水养殖的主要问题,着重从技术角度剖析了不足和努力方向.然后,又从促进我国水产养殖业可持续发展的角度阐述了对循环水养殖技术的需求,并对现阶段工厂化循环水养殖产业的发展提出了政策建议.     

养殖鱼类的动物福利与产品品质

以动物福利和人类福利的关联性为出发点,探讨我国水产养殖产业的潜在升级驱动力,目标是探索从终端品质倒推我国水产养殖产业从量到质升级的切实可行性。本文以养殖鱼类为焦点,从动物福利视角探索我国水产品形象与品质的提升空间,从以下几个方面进行了系统回顾。第一,基于对陆生脊椎动物福利的五项自由原则和三大范畴的系统回顾,对比动物福利在家畜家禽业的研究发展历程,对鱼类福利的发展历程与现状进行了脉络梳理;第二,针对鱼类福利的量化评估问题,从生理应激、行为应激以及心理应激三大应激响应机制,对与鱼类福利评价体系相关的研究进展进行了回顾,重点针对评价指标及评价方法进行了归纳总结;第三,针对养殖鱼类产业,重点对养殖过程、离水捕捞以及致死处置三个主要环节的鱼类福利特点及研究利用现状进行了分析讨论。最后,分析指出我国渔后动物福利存在盲区,提出了品质易逝期动物福利方案的思路。提出基于品质易逝期动物福利原则以实现锁鲜调控的展望：①为最大限度保持原料天然属性,突破“活而不鲜”的困局;②为改变初级水产品销售现状,减少渔后损失实行渔后的产业化;③为降低水产品供应链碳排放;④为实现水产动物福利等,提供一揽子解决方案的研究与实践范式。总之,科学解读渔后动物福利对于终端品质升级提供具有靶向性指导,同时通过优质产品形象为我国渔业产业赋予人文内涵。     

中国海水鱼类陆基工厂化养殖产业发展现状及展望

海水养殖是我国海洋渔业的重要组成部分,工程化池塘、开放式流水养殖工厂、深水网箱和循环水养殖则是我国当前集约化养殖的主要生产模式,其中陆基工厂化循化水养殖具有资源节约、环境友好和产品安全等特点,是世界水产养殖业的重要发展方向之一,也是实现水产养殖与环境和谐发展的重要途径。介绍了在国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系支持下对我国沿海工厂化养殖产业营运情况调研结果;围绕我国海水鱼类陆基工厂化养殖的发展现状,分析了循环水养殖产区分布、发展趋势、技术模式、运营效率以及运营成本构成等关键问题,探讨了产业发展过程中凸显的主要问题,对产业发展机遇进行了展望,并提出了下一步的发展思路。     

俄罗斯鲟幼鱼循环水养殖系统设计及运行效果分析

正本项目以鲟鱼等为主要养殖对象,针对亚冷水性鱼类对水质高要求及生物处理挂膜慢、效率低等问题,设计构建俄罗斯鲟高效循环水养殖系统;对于推广我国鲟鱼养殖业的发展具有重要意义。一、材料与方法1.基本情况鲟鱼工厂化循环水养殖试验系统占地面积约240米2,一共2套循环水养殖试验系统,每套系统由4个长为3.5米、深1.2米的方倒     

进径比对矩形圆弧角养殖池水动力特性影响

为研究单管入流模式下,进径比(参数C/B,C为射流孔位置到养殖池壁的水平距离,B为养殖池短边边长)对单通道矩形圆弧角养殖池系统水动力特性的影响,实验运用计算流体动力学仿真技术构建单通道矩形圆弧角养殖池三维数值计算模型,应用平均流速、阻力系数和速度分布均匀系数等流体动力学特征量分析养殖池内(尤其是池底)的流场形态,并修正能量有效利用系数以评估养殖池系统的能量有效利用率。结果显示,将进径比参数C/B从0.00增大到0.05可有效改善养殖池内流场特性,进径比参数C/B设置在0.02～0.04之间有利于单通道矩形圆弧角养殖池系统获得最佳的流场条件。研究表明,进径比参数的较小优化可显著提高养殖池内平均流速与能量有效利用率,利于形成均匀稳定的流场。     

小丑鱼室内循环水养殖设施与技术

为了实现规模化人工养殖小丑鱼(Amphiprioninae),研发了小丑鱼室内循环水养殖设施和技术。1组循环水养殖系统由10个玻璃钢养殖桶和1个水处理玻璃缸及管道系统组成,采用物理过滤、生化过滤、藻板过滤进行循环水处理。1组循环水养殖系统每3个月可养殖产出全长约3.5 cm的商品小丑鱼5 000尾,养殖存活率达80%以上。从2014年至2015年,利用该设施养殖生产出商品小丑鱼10余万尾。和常规的食用海水鱼循环水养殖设施相比,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统主要减少了蛋白分离器、气浮机、微滤机等设备,增加了藻板过滤设施。研究表明,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统建造成本低、运行能耗低、管理维护简单、水质稳定,可基本实现全封闭循环水养殖,适合进行小丑鱼等海水珊瑚礁观赏鱼类的规模化养殖生产。     

Measurement and simulation of the three-dimensional flow pattern and particle removal efficiencies in a large floating closed sea cage with multiple inlets and drains

This study investigated the three-dimensional flow structures in an ellipsoid, closed sea fish cage. The results are presented using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental measurements. Experimental residence time distribution (RTD) measurement and CFD simulation are the best methods to study the hydrodynamics of inflow systems. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow and transport characteristics of the system were conducted using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation approach and the results were compared to the measurements performed using acoustic Doppler velocimetry techniques. The objective of the investigation was to characterize the flow field generated in an ellipsoid, closed tank. The flow in the enclosed volume is driven by four inlets pipes integrated into the wall of the cage. The focus is on the turbulent structures and undesirable flow patterns that lead to reduced self-cleaning efficiency and a lower quality habitat for the fish through phenomena, such as recirculation zones or low velocity areas. Correlations between CFD and the experimental data confirm the adequate reproduction of hydrodynamic conditions and reinforce the predictive capabilities of numerical models as tools to simulate field scale closed containment systems or to optimize existing and future aquaculture designs. The simulation of aquaculture-like particles demonstrates that almost 100% of particles with a diameter ranging between 1 μm and 3000 μm are removed during a maximum of two hydraulic retention time (HRT) cycles. Smaller particles are removed via the upper-side outlets and larger particles are removed via the bottom outlet.     

High rate algal pond treatment for water reuse in a marine fish recirculation system: Water purification and fish health

Regardless of the degree of closure of a recirculation system, effluents are produced and replacement water is needed, which limits the possibility of locating a seawater production system away from the shoreline. At the Palavas Ifremer station, in the south of France, a High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) was operated during several years to treat the effluent from a recirculating aquaculture system before reusing it. The effect of the HRAP-treated water on the recirculation system and on the fish was investigated and the optimal algae growing conditions were defined. The experiments were carried out in three rearing systems: one flow through, one recirculating and one recirculating with a HRAP. The water flow rate, temperature, pH and salinity conditions were similar in all systems.The effect of reusing the HRAP-treated water is very limited (1) on the functioning of the recirculation system and (2) on fish performance, but it allows a significant reduction of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the rearing water. HRAP treatment reduced metal accumulation in muscle and liver of RAS fish, except for chromium and arsenic. All biomarkers presented no significant difference between systems, except for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and EROD, which showed a higher concentration in RAS and in both recirculating system respectively.     

An integrated recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for land-based fish farming: The effects on water quality and fish production

To mitigate the serious water pollution caused by the rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry in recent years, the development of improved aquaculture systems with more efficient water usage and less environmental impact has become essential. In this study, a land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was established that consisted of purification units (i.e., a primary biological pond, two parallel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands [CWs], and a long ecological ditch) and 4-5 series-connected recirculating ponds. This system was mainly designed to stock channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), fifteen spine stickleback (Spinibarbus sinensis) and yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and the culture efficacy was evaluated based on a 2-year field experiment covering two growing seasons. According to the results, the primary biological pond played a role in sedimentation or nutrient retention, although this was not as evident when the CWs were functioning. The water flowing through the wetland system at a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 600 mm/day displayed lower values for the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients, whereas the electrical conductivity (EC) was higher, suggesting the accumulation of dissolved solids in the system. Due to the recirculation treatment, the trophic status of the recirculating ponds increased gradually along the direction of the flow and was notably lower in comparison to the control. As a result, the fish production responded to the variation of the water quality, which was reflected in the measurements of culture efficacy (final weight, survival rate, SGR and yield). The three main rearing species showed a decreasing trend along the direction of the flow, which was higher compared to the control, whereas an opposite trend was observed for filter-feeding fish. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the main culture species were inclined to live in meso- or oligotrophic conditions, and the silver carp adapted to more eutrophic conditions. Because RAS can provide better environmental conditions year-round, the present culture method could be more suitable for species that are sensitive to water quality in typical subtropical areas.     

Feasibility of open recirculating system in temperate climate – a case study

The increasing number of depleted, overexploited and recovering world marine stocks, together with increasing demand for fish and need for sustainable management of aquatic resources has led to a gradual shift to inland intensive aquaculture with water reuse. Intensive recirculating systems are becoming a rapidly developing sector of aquaculture, with the objectives to increase production and minimize environmental impact. However, transfer of technologies from original sites to locations of different climate is not always successful. The present study evaluates the use of an open recirculating system in a temperate climate. The 3‐year study showed successful production with better fish growth and feed utilization than in a flow‐through facility at the same site, but presented significant issues necessitating changes in technology as well as physical adaptations. A positive effect of the technology with respect to the environment is possible, but systems must be adapted to temperate climatic conditions.     

工厂化对虾养殖池管式射流集污水力特性

工厂化养殖池内水体的流场分布特性直接决定了其对残饵、粪便等的排污性能。本实验研究了管式射流驱动模式下,射流角度与射流流速对养殖池内水体流场与污物聚集特性的影响。养殖池流场特性采用点式流速仪进行布点测量,利用MATLAB软件对流场特性进行分析。采用相机采集的养殖池集污效果图像,并利用Photoshop软件与自行开发的不规则图形面积分析软件对图像进行分析。研究表明,流速从池心向外呈"V"型变化,在射流角度固定的情况下,射流速度越大,池心低流速区域越小,污物向池心的聚集效果越好;在流速固定的情况下,存在一个最佳的射流角度,本实验在24 cm/s流速条件下,射流角度为40°时,池内污物聚集效果最优。结论认为在保证养殖对象生长的前提下,可尽量提高射流流速;在24 cm/s流速条件下,最佳射流角度在40°左右。本研究成果可为工厂化养鱼池、养虾池等管式射流水力驱动系统的优化设计提供参考依据。     

基于易控的工业化循环水养殖系统

随着可用水资源的减少,工业化循环水养殖是现代渔业的发展趋势。为了提高工业化循环水养殖的自动化程度,以及将其与物联网更好地结合起来,设计了基于易控的工业化循环水养殖系统。系统采用封闭式循环水养殖工艺,选用微滤机、流化床、低压纯氧混合装置等国内先进的循环水养殖装备构建硬件系统,使用西门子S7-300 PLC和其它智能仪表设备等构建控制系统,通过易控软件作为人机交互平台将各要素进行整合。该系统实现了工业化循环水养殖系统的养殖过程智能控制、养殖水质精准调控和养殖控制物联网化,具备自动化程度高、运行稳定、扩展性强的优点。该系统易于推广,并为将来的福利养殖系统提供了理论依据和基础数据。     

Impact of ozonation on water quality in marine recirculation systems

Ozone (O₃) is a powerful oxidant and is becoming popular in various aquaculture systems for disinfection and improving water quality by oxidation of inorganic and/or organic compounds. However, the use of ozone in marine-based aquaculture systems has been limited because of the potential to form bromate, which is formed during the oxidation of naturally occurring bromide by ozone. Because bromate is a human carcinogen, there are concerns with its chronic impact on fish health. In addition, the use of O₃ is hindered by lack of quantitative as well as qualitative design and performance information on O₃ for recirculating systems. This study investigated the application of ozonation to control pathogens and enhance the process water quality in a recirculating aquaculture system while minimizing bromate formation. A field scale monitoring program was conducted on process water quality from Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) recirculating systems. Ozonated modules showed reduction of 15% total organic carbon (TOC) and less than 25 μg/l bromate concentration was formed. In addition, ozonated modules showed reduction in nitrate, color and suspended solids, as compared to those that did not use ozone. The results of this study elucidates the formation of bromate in marine water recirculation systems.     

工厂化水产养殖中的悬浮物处理技术

在循环水工厂化水产养殖中,鱼类的排泄物、残饵、生物团等产生的悬浮物和固体物,增加了水体的浑浊度,堵塞了生物滤器,影响系统的性能和鱼类健康生长。本文根据我国现代渔业发展的趋势,结合国内外有关水产养殖水处理技术的研究成果与发展趋势,论述和分析了目前工厂化水产养殖中悬浮与固体物的物理、化学和生物处理技术及发展趋势,为研发新型水处理设备奠定基础。