山地夏季人工草场山羊放牧适口性研究

在福州北峰的夏季人工草场,通过划区轮牧试验对山羊的适口性进行了研究。试验结果表明,在对杂交狼尾草、甘薯、百喜草等7种牧草进行的适口性评价,甘薯对山羊的适口性最好,表现为嗜食;对杂交狼尾草表现为喜食;羽叶决明、南非马唐、俯仰马唐对山羊的适口性较差。同样,山羊对百喜草、印度豇豆等牧草的不同生育期,其适口性系数也发生变化。     

福州山地山羊分区轮牧的效果研究

在福建福州北峰进行山地人工草场的建设及山羊分区轮牧的研究.结果表明,人工种植牧草的供草周期为40～45d.夏季有四种适口性好、产量最高的主栽牧草(杂交狼尾草、甘薯、印度豇豆和百喜草),平均hm2可利用草量113380.2kg,冬季黑麦草为59840.0kg.经过调节,每hm2山地人工草场山羊的载畜量可以达到60～75只.本文还对人工草场建立和山羊分区轮牧对山地生态环境的保护作用进行了分析.     

福州山地山羊分区轮牧的效果研究

在福建福州北峰进行山地人工草场的建设及山羊分区轮牧的研究。结果表明，人工种植牧草的供草周期为40～45do夏季有四种适口性好、产量最高的主栽牧草(杂交狼尾草、甘薯、印度豇豆和百喜草)，平均hm^2可利用草量113380．2kg，冬季黑麦草为59840．0kg。经过调节，每hm^2山地人工草场山羊的载畜量可以达到60～75只。本文还对人工草场建立和山羊分区轮牧对山地生态环境的保护作用进行了分析。     

草鱼、鳊对南方几种牧草的适口性评价研究

研究了草鱼、鳊对南方山区主要高产优质牧草的最大摄食率及适口性,试验表明:冷季牧草品种中,草鱼对营养期黑麦草、鸡脚草的摄食率分别是74.03%、70.09%,显著高于紫花苜蓿,说明营养期黑麦草、鸡脚草的适口性明显好于紫花苜蓿.草鱼对暖季牧草甘薯叶、杂交狼尾草的摄食率最高,分别是61.98%、56.15%,与狗尾草33.76%差异显著,其他多数品种介于这二者之间.鳊对百喜草、杂交狼尾草和印度豇豆的摄食率最高,分别是61.13%、59.97%、61.68%,显著高于其他品种.试验期间草鱼、鳊都拒食串叶松香草.木质素、单宁物质等抗营养物质是影响草食性鱼类适口性的重要因素.鳊的适口性与草鱼有所区别,对于细茎或藤蔓较有韧性的牧草的摄食能力不如草鱼.     

灌丛草地放牧山羊的牧草适口性与嗜食性及山羊采食率研究

通过对放牧山羊的牧草适口性，嗜食性和采食率及其相互关系的分析，表明山羊放牧对灌丛草地的植物适口性、嗜食性比率和采食率均以灌木嫩枝叶，中禾草和苔草属植物较优。季节性规律为：春季山羊喜哺食灌木嫩枝叶，灌木嗜食性比率较高，采食率也较高，夏季山羊喜草本植物，草本植物的嗜食性比率高于灌木，秋季山羊较喜啃食灌木枝叶，嗜食性比率灌木高于草本植物，采食率低于春季，灌木采食率高于草本植物。     

猕猴桃叶作为山羊饲料的研究

研究了猕猴桃叶作为山羊饲料的可行性.用黑麦草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶三种人工牧草作为对比,测定了猕猴桃叶对山羊的适口性,并分析测定了猕猴桃叶的主要营养成分.结果表明:猕猴桃叶对波尔山羊具有良好的适口性,其粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量及无氮浸出物分别为16.56%、22.93%、4.38%、11.18%及44.85%,符合部颁标准,具有较高的饲用价值.     

春播禾本科牧草品比试验

进行杂交苏丹草Sorghum sudanense,杂交狼尾草Pennisetum hybrid,美洲狼尾草Pennisetum americanum,饲用高粱Sorghum vulgare,墨西哥饲用玉米Euchlaena mexicana联5个春播禾本科牧草品种品比试验,结果表明:各品种均能适应试验地环境条件,试验期内未发生病虫害.其中以饲用高粱产草量最高,鲜草产量达到156 285kg/hm2,且草质好,适口性强,是继墨西哥饲用玉米后值得推广的优选品种.杂交狼尾草、美洲狼尾草不宜作高产栽培品种.试验为象山县丰富春播牧草栽培品种、推广常年牧草轮作模式、提高牧草生产效益提供了依据.     

不同牧草饲喂山羊试验

波尔山羊作为肉用山羊中的“明星”，目前已被广泛杂交利用，但由于本地的野生草资源有限，且野生草营养价值不高，严重制约了草食动物的发展，特别是山羊饲养业尤为突出。为此，根据“山羊饲草资源开发利用技术研究”试验内容要求，我们开展了课题内容之一的“不同牧草饲喂山羊试验”，现将试验情况报告如下：     

优质牧草——桂牧1号的植物学特征、栽培及利用

桂牧1号杂交象草是广西科技人员从1992年开始,用矮象草为父本,杂交狼尾草为母本进行有性杂交,再经多年无性繁殖选育而成的1种新型牧草。具有病害少、高产优质、利用率高、饲养效果好和种植1次可连续利用多年的特点。由于该草再生性强、质量好、叶量大、质地柔软、适口性好,是广西种植范     

杂交狼尾草对獭兔饲喂效果的研究

自1981年江苏省农科院从美国引进杂交狼尾草后,该草在苏南农区被广泛栽种,用作奶牛、鱼及其他食草畜禽的青饲料。在种植杂交狼尾草养奶牛的模式中,每头牛每年平均节省精料300～500kg;在种草养鱼的模式中,杂交狼尾草的粗蛋白消化率及饵料系数分别为82.71％和23.5％,优于苏丹草,近似于豆科牧草红三叶。种植杂交狼尾草饲养肉兔,其适口性、利用率、日增重均优于象草。但上述研究,杂交狼尾草都是青刈后直接利用,而有关其深加工后饲喂效果的试验报道甚少。本试验以杂交狼尾草为主要原料,参照獭兔标准化饲养配方生产全价颗粒并进行饲喂试验,与杂交苏丹草、鲁梅克斯及     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.