水稻细胞质雄性不育与内源GA1＋4和IAA的关系

以水稻野败型与ＢＴ型细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料，用酶联免疫检测法测定了幼穗与倒二叶中内源ＧＡ１＋４与ＩＡＡ含量。结果表明，珍汕９７Ａ与花７６－４９Ａ倒二叶中的ＧＡ１＋４含量低于各自保持系的。珍汕９７Ａ幼穗ＧＡ１＋４含量低于其保持系的，而花７６－４９Ａ的幼穗ＧＡ１＋４含量近似于其保持系的，与此不同，珍汕９７Ａ与花７６－４９Ａ的幼穗与倒二叶中ＩＡＡ含量则均显著低于各自保持系的。其中珍汕９７Ａ的Ｉ     

珍汕97不育系与珍汕97保持系成对回交技术浅析

概述了珍汕 97不育系与珍汕 97保持系成对回交的基本做法 ,分析了 1989～ 1998年连续十年珍汕 97不育系与珍汕97保持系成对回交结实情况。作者认为 :要使成对回交结实粒数在 10 0 0粒水平 ,不育系种植密度宜扩大到 30 cm× 30 cm,不育系单株有效穗应在 14穗以上 ,人工剪颖 12 5 0朵以上。     

CMS水稻不同器官的膜脂过氧化水平

比较了ＣＭＳ水稻不育系珍汕９７Ａ及其同核异质保持系珍汕９７Ｂ的叶片、幼穗和花药中的膜脂过氧化、活性氧水平及活性氧清除酶活性。结果表明：与可育花药相比，不育花药中Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｏ２＾－水平较高，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量也高，而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化酶（ＰＯＤ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性则较低；幼穗中，不育系的Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＭＤＡ含量高于保持系，其它指标基本无差异；     

根据RAPD标记分析籼型水稻保持系和CMS系的特性

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法提取野败型CMS系珍汕97A和龙得浦A及其它们的保持系珍汕97B和龙得浦B的总DNA。100个引物被用于筛选RAPD标记以区分苗期CMS系(A)和保持系(B)的植株。结果表明在37℃退火温度和1．5mM MgCl2条件下，OPA12引物的扩增产物在珍汕97A和龙得浦A中出现了1600bp DNA片断，而在珍汕97B和龙得浦B中没有发现该片断。     

水稻品种育性恢复基因的分析

通过对珍汕97A(或二九青 A)/IR29(或 IR2061和戈马列)F_1、F_2、B_1F_1各群体花粉育性分离规律的分析,证明 IR29具有1对主效的显性恢复基因;IR2061有1对部分恢复基因,其效应较 IR29为弱;戈马列则有1对部分恢复基因并受到另外1对基因的影响。作者认为欲改良现有不育系和保持系,应注意抗源品种恢复基因的组成,以便合理制订育种     

我国水稻常用保持系穗期耐旱性测评及育性分析

以负压式土壤湿度计和取土烘干法双重监控盆栽试验的土壤水势变化,观测我国15个常用水稻保持系的穗期耐旱性和育性特征。结果表明,K22-B、金23-B及II-32-B等保持系为穗期干旱胁迫钝感材料,而珍汕97-B、中9-B及协青早-B等为穗期干旱胁迫敏感材料;参试保持系在开花期(花粉粒充实期到小穗灌浆初期)比孕穗期(花粉母细胞分裂期到花粉粒充实期,15 d)对干旱胁迫更敏感;保持系孕穗期干旱胁迫主要伤害颖花育性,其胁迫指数与空壳率正相关(r = 0.6988^**), 开花期干旱胁迫不仅伤害颖花育性并影响小穗充实,其胁迫指数与空壳率正相关(r = 0.7660^**),也与秕谷率正相关(r = 0.5230);穗期耐旱性与其正常生育条件下的穗部结实性状不具直接相关性。     

珍汕97A自交结实与花粉组成分析

本文简述了珍汕97 A自交结实和花粉组成情况.珍汕97 A套自交鉴定袋后虽然发现有自交结实现象,其花粉镜检结果表明,在花粉组成中典败花粉达不到100%,含有少量的园败花粉和染败花粉,但珍汕97 A后代的育性都是较稳定的.     

汕优63及其亲本穗发芽若干特性初探

1989～1991年对杂交水稻汕优63制、繁种田的穗发芽研究表明,除恢复系明恢63的穗发芽率低于5%外,其余包括不育系珍汕97A、保持系珍汕97B和杂交种汕优63的穗发芽均高于20%,后3个品种的穗发芽均随着籽粒的发育而逐渐提高。至始穗后24天出现一急剧上升时期,这种穗发芽的田间变化趋势与品种本身潜在发芽率的变化一致,杂交稻制繁种过程中的穗发芽主要与保持系的胎萌特性有关。GA可提高结实率50%,同时也促进了穗发芽(为对照2倍),在被调查品种中裂谷率与穗发芽的程度并非是简单的正比关系。     

籼型三系不育系69A选育过程

<正>籼型三系不育系69A(曾用名绣丰A)是用优ⅠB与博B杂交,经系统选育,在F5代挑选优良的早熟株与珍汕97A进行回交转育而成。该不育系的不育性和农艺性状稳定,达到了实用不育系的要求。选育过程69A不育系和保持系的选育共利用了3个亲本:优IB和博B、珍汕97A。2000年利用优IB与博B杂交,经系统选育,在F5代挑选优良的早熟单株与珍汕97A进行回交转育。具体选育过程如下。2000年春季在南昌用采用温汤除雄法以优IB为母本     

D奇宝优系列组合高产优质制种技术

D奇宝A系福建省尤溪县良种生化研究所育成的穗大、异交率高、丰产性好的三系籼型不育系.该不育系是利用复交改良龙特甫B、珍汕97B、红突31B、D297B保持系聚合杂交形成育种用的基础群体,然后用来源于西非栽培稻Dis-siD52/37可恢性好的D汕A作母本进行转育而成的新不育系.     

水稻体细胞无性系雄性不育突变

对5个类型的水稻不育系进行了幼穗培养, 在红源A、 包源A和W6154s中, 共获得了10例雄 性不育变异株, 水稻花粉败育可分为无花粉、 典败、 圆败和染败四种类型。 发现了不育 花粉败育类型之间可以相互转换现象。 对雄性不育变异株用一批现有CMS不育系的保持系和恢复系进行测交和回交, 有的变异株其 恢保关系发生了变化,     

Isolation and genetic characterization of a fertility-restoring revertant induced from cytoplasmic male sterile rice

Summary A male fertile revertant was isolated from M₁ of a cytoplasmic male sterile indica rice line II-32A, the dry seeds of which were treated with ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The acquired revertant T24 was morphologically and agronomically similar to II-32B, the maintainer of II-32A. Testcrosses of the revertant with II-32A and Zhenshan 97A showed that the revertant was able to restore the fertility of CMS lines. Genetic analysis of the progenies between T24 and II-32A, Zhenshan 97A XieqingzaoA and DZhenshan 97A, which have different cytoplasms, showed that the fertility restoration of four CMS lines by T24 involved one nuclear gene, indicating that T24 was a result of the mutation of one nuclear gene. The mechanism of the restoration of CMS line by T24 was obviously different from other restorers such as Minghui 63 and 20964, which were shown to behave in two gene mode in fertility restoration. The discovery of the revertant T24 contributes to the understanding of CMS and fertility restoration of CMS in rice. The T24 and its parent II-32A may constitute a pair of near isogenic lines for the restoring gene, which should be valuable materials for molecular genetic analysis of CMS.     

Assessment of purity of rice CMS lines using cpDNA marker

AFLP technique was used to analyse the polymorphism between rice cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line Jin2A and its maintainer Jin2B. A stable differential band was discovered, and sequence analysis showed that Jin2A contained a more tandem repeat of 6 base pairs (AGAAAA) than Jin2B. Further studies confirmed that the diversity came from cpDNA and occurred at three kinds of abortive cytoplasmic genotypes. Accordingly, specific primers were designed and utilized to assess the purity of rice CMS lines during multiplication with pollen fertility and seed setting rates of bagged panicles as control. The result indicated that this cpDNA locus could be utilized to precisely distinguish maintainer plants from rice CMS lines. PCR analysis was consistent with that from Grow-out test in CMS line seed purity assessment during multiplication, despite it was helpless in distinguishing F₁ hybrids from CMS lines due to similar cytoplasms. Because of fewer hybrid and more maintainer off-plants, this cpDNA locus was still appropriate for seed purity assessment of rice CMS line during multiplication. This is first report that a marker on cpDNA could be utilized to assess the genetic purity of rice CMS lines with three abortive cytoplasmic genotypes.     

线粒体DNA由来的RAPD标记能鉴别水稻雄性不育和可育细胞质

以野败型细胞质的水稻雄性不育系珍汕97A及其保持系珍汕97B的总DNA为模板,从100个引物中筛选到OPA12对珍汕97A能扩增出一条1600 bp的特异带.用OPA12扩增野败型细胞质的龙特浦A及其保持系龙特浦B、矮败型细胞质的协青早A及其保持系协青早B、恢复系明恢63、珍汕97A/明恢63的F1和F2个体的总DNA,不育系、F1和F2所有调查个体都有16     

A new dominant earliness character of CMS line Zaoxian A and its application value in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary A distant cross between a maintainer Zhenshan 97B and an early maturing F₂ palnt of O. longistaminata x O. rufipogon was made in 1985, and a new CMS line Zaoxian A was bred in 1989 through continuous backcross of new maintainer plants derived from the distant cross to the leading CMS line Zhenshan 97A. Several experiments were carried out in Sichuan during 1990–1992, to analyze the inheritance of earliness of Zaoxian A and its application value to hybrid rice production. The results showed that Zaoxian A was as early-maturing as Zhenshan 97A, the earliness of Zaoxian A was incompletely dominant to the lateness of restorer lines, and was different from the earliness of Zhenshan 97A which was suppressed by the lateness of restorer lines. The F₁ hybrids between Zaoxian A and late maturing restorers combined the early maturity and high yielding capacity, and significantly outyielded the provincial and national checks with same or longer growth duration, because the larger genetic distance between early and late maturing ecotypes remained unchanged and the new earliness could express in F₁ generation. Therefore, the new dominant earliness character of Zaoxian A could enhance the regional and seasonal adaptability of rice. It is also valuable to hybrid rice production and the formation of new cropping systems with high yielding capacity and high economical profit.     

新质源CMS-FA杂交稻系统的亲本资源筛选

用新质源雄性不育系金农1A(CMS-FA)作母本, 分别与来自10个国家和国内13个省份的220个水稻品种组配成杂交种, 考察F₁代的花粉染色率、套袋结实率和自然结实率。在F₁代中, 当这3项育性指标均≤10%时, 显示父本品种具有雄性不育保持能力, 因而将其划分为保持系资源; 当3项育性指标均≥80%时, 显示父本品种具有雄性不育恢复能力, 将其划分为恢复系资源; 此外的其他父本品种, 即3项育性指标中任何一项指标>10%或<80%, 既不能作为保持系, 也不能作为恢复系, 被划分为非杂交稻亲本资源。在220个水稻品种中, 可作为金农1A保持系的有122个, 占55.5%; 未发现恢复系亲本; 非杂交稻亲本品种有98个, 占44.5%。CMS-FA型的杂交稻亲本资源利用率为55.5%。对照野败型不育系珍汕97A(CMS-WA)的保持系亲本品种有44个, 占20.0%; 恢复系亲本品种42个, 占19.1%; 非杂交稻亲本品种134个, 占60.9%。CMS-WA型的杂交稻亲本资源利用率为39.1%。CMS-FA系统比CMS-WA系统的亲本稻种资源利用率高16.4个百分点, 尤其是保持系资源利用率高35.5个百分点(近1.8倍)。国外品种的育性普遍低于国内品种。     

广谱抗稻瘟病基因d12的遗传分析及分子标记辅助选择应用

本研究利用一个广谱抗稻瘟病基因d12（来源于武育粳2号）,通过分子标记辅助选择改良珍汕97B抗稻瘟病性。首先利用以珍汕97B为背景构建一个包含236个单株的d12近等基因系BC2F2群体,通过遗传分析,将抗稻瘟病基因d12定位于水稻第12染色体的遗传距离为2.7cM的2个SSR标记RM27792-RM28089之间。QTL分析结果表明,在分蘖期Ⅰ（TL58,播种后第58天考察的叶瘟）和分蘖期Ⅱ（TL75,播种后第75天考察的叶瘟）检测到的d12的LOD值和VAR值（遗传方差/表型方差）分别为：31.7、47.1%以及24.1、37.9%,d12的加性效应和显性效应分别为1.2608、-1.0475以及0.7326、-0.7689;当水稻进入抽穗期（HL98,播种后第98天考察的叶瘟）时,检测不到d12。由此可见,d12对稻瘟病抗性随着水稻的分蘖进程可能由强到弱,当进入生殖生长时期对稻瘟病的抗性没有了贡献。这可以表明d12对稻瘟病的抗性受到发育时期的影响。以上结果可能对稻瘟病持久抗性的育种和受发育影响的抗病性的理解有非常重要的意义。     

红麻GMS与CMS小孢子败育过程的细胞学及组织化学比较

以红麻细胞质雄性不育系(GMS)L23A、保持系L23B及从该保持系中发现的细胞核雄性不育系(CMS)L23BS为材料,采用石蜡显微制片技术,在光学显微镜下比较观察了三者花药发育过程中小孢子的发育过程及组织化学变化。结果表明,L23A的花药发育过程中,小孢子发育的不同阶段均出现败育现象,最早的败育表现为花粉母细胞在减数分裂之前的退化解体,最终形成空的花粉囊; 有的因花粉母细胞减数分裂过程异常而导致不能形成小孢子四分体;有的因小孢子在四分体中不能正常释放而败育,同时绒毡层细胞过度液泡化,并提早解体死亡; 花药发育早期含有少量蛋白质和淀粉,随着花药的发育逐渐变少。而L23BS小孢子败育的时期集中于四分体至单核花粉期间,表现为小孢子发育异常,有些小孢子不能从四分体里释放出来而影响其正常发育。在四分体以前与可育系类似,花药含丰富的蛋白质和淀粉。在败育的过程中,花药中的蛋白质和淀粉含量渐渐减少,但药隔组织中的在颗粒淀粉含量几乎不变。     

玉米细胞质雄性不育性与乙烯的关系

研究了玉米Ｍｏ１７核背景三种雄性不育细胞质（Ｔ、Ｃ、Ｓ）系及正常可育细胞质（Ｎ）系小孢子发育不同阶段花药组织的乙烯释放量，发现不育系小孢子败育前的一、二个时期内花药组织乙烯释放量显著增加。同时设计的乙烯利及其合成抑制剂外源喷施实验也表明了其对雄性育性的逆转效应。讨论了植物激素对玉米细胞质雄性不育性的调控作用