两例猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种由猫冠状病毒感染引发的免疫介导性疾病,常发于幼猫和青年猫,且死亡率高。对疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的两例病例通过临床检查、血液检查、生化检查、PCR检查和影像学检查等方法,诊断为猫传染性腹膜炎,根据诊断结果,经GS-441524药物治疗,患猫康复出院。结果表明,以GS-441524为主药的治疗配方对该病具有较好的治疗效果。     

猫传染性腹膜炎的诊断

猫传染性腹膜炎是猫科动物一种致死性的疾病,是目前导致猫死亡的主要疫病之一.该病的病原体是猫冠状病毒,该病毒有猫肠道冠状病毒和猫传染性腹膜炎病毒2种生物型,目前主流解释是猫肠道冠状病毒内部突变为猫传染性腹膜炎病毒,事实上该病的致病机制和免疫机制尚不明确.目前免疫组化是该病诊断的金标准,但由于其可操作性不强,临床上主要通过...     

猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治体会

猫传染性腹膜炎是由冠状病毒科冠状病毒属猫传染性腹膜炎病毒引起的家养猫及野生猫科动物渐进的致死性疾病。以胸腹腔有高蛋白的渗出液为多见。本文通过该病的流行特点,致病机理、临床症状等阐明了该病的治疗原则和方法。     

三例疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的诊断

猫传染性腹膜炎(Feline Infectious Peritonitis,FIP)是由猫冠状病毒(FCoVs)引起,以胸、腹部积液和极高的病死率为主要特征。目前治疗该病无特效药,只能通过对症治疗维持基本生命体征。该文通过对收集的3例疑似猫传染性腹膜炎病例进行分析,比较该病的几种综合临床诊断方法,供临床参考。     

湖北省武汉市某门诊猫传染性腹膜炎病例统计分析

为了解湖北省武汉市猫传染性腹膜炎的流行情况,以华中农业大学动物医院的门诊临床病例为研究对象,运用猫传染性腹膜炎抗原快速诊断试纸条和RT-PCR检测技术,对2017年11月至2018年9月的1 036例临床病例进行猫传染性腹膜炎检测,并对病例的发病情况和特点进行统计分析。共检出猫传染性腹膜炎阳性病例61例,检出率为5.9%。从时间分布看,2018年1月的检出率最高,占13.4%,其余月份的检出率为6.0%～8.0%。从群间分布看,英国短毛猫、田园猫、美国短毛猫的患病比例较高,占总阳性病例的76.7%;雄性猫(70.0%)患病比例高于雌性猫(30.0%),1岁以下幼猫的阳性占比为72.1%。本研究对于了解猫传染性腹膜炎流行发病特点以及该病的临床防治具有一定参考价值。     

关于猫传染性腹膜炎的防治探讨

猫传染性腹膜炎被称为猫的三大绝症之一,传染性强,死亡率也高.本文论述了猫传染性腹膜炎的症状、预防措施、临床诊断方法及治疗方法,并就目前新出现的两类治疗猫传染性腹膜炎的药物进行了讨论.     

猫传染性腹膜炎研究进展

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种全身性、致死性的病毒性疾病,为幼猫和青年猫死亡的主要原因之一。近年来,该病在世界各地广泛流行,并呈一定的上升趋势。越来越多的学者对其进行了研究与探索,但其致病与免疫机制仍未完全清楚。本文从病原学、发病机制、流行病学、临床症状、诊断与治疗以及免疫与预防等方面对猫传染性腹膜炎进行全面的阐述,为该病的科学诊治与防控提供参考和指导。     

浅谈猫传染性腹膜炎的诊断与治疗

猫传染性腹膜炎(feline infectious peritonitis,FIP)是由猫传染性腹膜炎病毒引起的猫科动物的一种慢性进行性致死性传染病，常感染1～4岁的群居成年猫[1]。该病的致死率超过90%，少数的猫因诊治及时而康复[2]。患猫通常表现为食欲不振、精神沉郁、体重减轻、腹围增大、持续发烧、呼吸困难、腹泻、黄疸等临床症状[3]。FIP常分为渗出型和非渗出型两种，前者通常表现为胸、腹腔内有大量积液、腹膜炎、贫血等症状；后者主要表现为眼部肉芽肿、中枢神经障碍等症状[4]。本文对临床一例高度疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的病例诊治进行回顾，旨在为该病的防治提供参考。     

疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治

猫传染性腹膜炎是猫科动物的一种慢性进行性致死性传染病,是冠状病毒在猫体内发生突变导致的.其主要特征是猫有腹膜炎症状,腹水大量聚积,致死率较高.猫传染性腹膜炎在临床可见两种类型,一种是以腹膜炎、大量腹水为特征的湿性传染性腹膜炎,一种是全身无明显症状变化,仅眼部出现明显纤维蛋白血块、视网膜出血等葡萄膜炎为特征的干性猫传染性...     

一例猫传染性腹膜炎的临床诊断

猫传染性腹膜炎是由冠状病毒感染所引起.冠状病毒主要有两种,引起冠状病毒性肠炎的FECV和引起猫传染性腹膜炎的FIPV,二者与其他冠状病毒毒株关系非常密切.FIPV可能是猫在感染FECV的同时,由FECV突变而来.本病的诊断主要通过临床一般检查、血液学检查、胸腹水检查、剖腹探查、PCR诊断等手段进行.     

GS-441524对自然感染的猫传染性腹膜炎的治疗效果观察

试验旨在观察GS-441524对自然感染的猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）病例的临床疗效，为临床用药提供参考。试验招募了25只于中国农业大学动物医院确诊为FIP的患猫，随机分为高剂量组（5 mg/（kg·d））（12只）和低剂量组（2.5 mg/（kg·d））（13只），每日皮下注射GS-441524治疗并记录体重、体温、注射药物的疼痛反应及每周的实验室及影像学检查结果以评价药物疗效。设定治疗周期为4周，部分病例根据实际情况延长治疗时间。结果显示，共计20只湿性FIP和3只干性FIP患猫完成试验，2只患猫退出。治疗时间为4~18周。20只湿性FIP患猫中，2只在1周内死亡，1只体腔积液增加，17只用药1周后积液减少，用药2~3周后积液消失。3只干性FIP患猫中，2只患猫的肠系膜淋巴结在用药1~2周后减小，1只无明显变化。所有患猫的精神和食欲在用药3~5 d内改善；体重在1~2周内开始增长；5只发烧的患猫用药2~3 d后体温恢复正常；14只贫血的患猫用药1~10周后恢复正常；16只患猫出现白细胞数量升高且淋巴细胞数量下降或中性粒细胞数量升高，用药1~2周内开始好转。所有患猫血清中白蛋白和球蛋白的比值（白球比）均<0.8，其中9只总蛋白升高，4只白蛋白降低，14只球蛋白升高，用药1~2周后开始好转。高剂量组的患猫4周药物有效率和治愈率分别为81.8%和60.0%，低剂量组的患猫4周药物有效率和治愈率分别为75.0%和22.2%。用药4周前后，高剂量组的患猫除白细胞总数（WBC）和白蛋白（ALB）外，其余指标均差异显著或极显著（P<0.05；P<0.01）；而低剂量组的患猫仅体重差异显著。除血红蛋白（HGB）、WBC和ALB外，药物对患猫的体重、红细胞（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）、淋巴细胞（LYM）、中性粒细胞（NEU）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLOB）及白球比（A/G）改善情况差异显著（P<0.05），且高剂量药物效果更佳。综上，GS-441524能有效治疗自然感染的FIP，高剂量（5 mg/（kg·d））疗效更佳，最短治疗周期为4周。     

Priapism in a castrated cat associated with feline infectious peritonitis

This report describes a case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in a castrated cat which first presented with the unusual sign of priapism. Laboratory examinations showed increased serum protein content and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Serum electrophoresis revealed increased alpha 2- and gamma-globulin content. One month after the first examination, the cat died. At necropsy, histopathological evaluation of organs showed inflammatory granulomatous lesions compatible with non-effusive FIP and coronavirus-specific polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis. FIP antigen was demonstrated immunohistochemically in penile tissue.     

An immunoturbidimetric assay for rapid quantitative measurement of feline alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in serum and peritoneal fluid

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is an acute phase protein that increases in concentration in infectious and inflammatory conditions. The serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of AGP may be useful in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal disease of cats. Currently AGP can be measured by radioimmunodiffusion (RID) assays, which are time consuming and difficult. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to develop a rapid immunoturbidimetric assay for measurement of AGP in feline serum and peritoneal fluid and to compare the results with those obtained by RID. METHODS: AGP was purified by perchloric acid precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography from a pool of peritoneal fluid obtained from cats with FIP, as determined by a panel of laboratory tests, including serum AGP concentration, albumin: globulin ratio, and total protein concentration, anti-coronavirus antibody titers, and effusion analysis. The purified AGP in a complete Freund's adjuvant and Tween 20 mixture was injected into a sheep and blood was collected at monthly intervals. Anti-AGP antiserum, as confirmed by ELISA and Western blot techniques, and a pool of peritoneal fluid from cats with FIP were used to prepare standards. Clinical samples of feline peritoneal fluid (n=55) and serum (n=59) were assayed for AGP and results from the immunoturbidimetric and RID methods were compared. RESULTS: Significant correlation (P < .001) was obtained between methods for both peritoneal fluid (R2=.9259) and serum (R2=.9448) samples. Coefficients of variation for the immunoturbidimetric method were <5%. CONCLUSIONS: This rapid immunoturbidimetric assay for measurement of feline AGP in serum and peritoneal fluid may be of value in the diagnosis of FIP and possibly other inflammatory diseases in cats.     

Use of the Vettest 8008 and refractometry for determination of total protein,albumin, and globulin concentrations in feline effusions

Background— Pleural and peritoneal effusion is a common clinical finding in feline practice. Determination of fluid albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLOB) concentrations in addition to total protein (TP) concentration can be helpful in diagnosing or ruling out certain diseases in cats, especially feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Objective— The objective of this study was to compare effusion TP, ALB, and GLOB results obtained by a refractometer and a bench‐top dry chemistry analyzer with those results obtained by a reference method. Methods— Twenty‐six pleural and 14 peritoneal effusion samples were analyzed from 40 cats with various diseases. TP and ALB concentrations were determined by a reference automated wet chemistry analyzer (Kone Specific, Kone Instruments, Espoo, Finland), a bench‐top dry chemistry analyzer (Vettest 8008, IDEXX Laboratories Ltd, Chalfont St Peter, UK), and a refractometer (Atago SPR‐T2, Atago Co, Tokyo, Japan). GLOB, albumin to globulin (A/G) ratio, and globulins as a percentage of total proteins (GLOB%) were calculated. Results were analyzed by paired t tests, difference plots, and Deming's regression analysis. Results— Correlation coefficients (r) for TP with Vettest versus Kone and refractometer versus Kone methods were .97 and .94, respectively. GLOB and GLOB% values were significantly higher and A/G ratios were significantly lower with Vettest versus Kone methods. Correlation coefficients for ALB, GLOB, GLOB% and A/G ratio with Vettest versus Kone methods were .86, .93, .82, and .73, respectively. Although correlation with other methods was good, the refractometer underestimated TP concentrations in 3 samples. Conclusions— The refractometer is an acceptable method for determination of TP concentration in feline effusions. The Vettest 8008 also is an acceptable method for the determination of TP and ALB concentrations, however, calculated A/G ratios obtained with the Vettest are unacceptable.     

Papular cutaneous lesions in a cat associated with feline infectious peritonitis

A 7-month-old-intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, anterior uveitis in the right eye and respiratory distress when handled. These signs along with mild changes in serum protein levels and the exclusion of other potential causes were suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). As the disease progressed, more clinical signs consistent with FIP, including renal involvement and later pleural effusion, became evident. Non-pruritic cutaneous lesions, characterized by slightly raised intradermal papules over the dorsal neck and over both lateral thoracic walls, were recognized at the end stage of the disease. The identification of papules in well-haired skin was difficult, and clipping of the fur facilitated their detection. Definitive diagnosis of FIP was made by histopathology and by immunohistochemical demonstration of coronavirus antigen in macrophages within kidney and skin lesions. The case was classified as a mixed form of FIP. Recognition of associated cutaneous lesions may facilitate a diagnosis of FIP in suspicious cases.     

Laboratory changes consistent with feline infectious peritonitis in cats from multicat environments

The present study describes the prevalence of haematological and electrophoretic changes consistent with the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats without FIP living in six multicat environments with different prevalence of FIP and of other diseases. The results allow designing haematological and electrophoretic profiles typical of each group, most likely depending on the management and on the health status of the group rather than on the prevalence of FIP. In fact, many cats from the colonies with open management and frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases other than FIP had one or more haematological and/or electrophoretical changes consistent with FIP, compared with the reference ranges. In the case of non-specific clinical signs such as fever or neurological signs because of diseases other than FIP, these cats would be erroneously considered as affected by FIP and euthanasized. The use of internal ranges designed on the basis of repeated samplings from non-symptomatic cats allows avoiding these misinterpretations. Results from cats with symptoms consistent with FIP living in the same colonies were also compared with both the reference ranges and the internal ones: such a comparison demonstrated that the use of internal ranges rarely affected the possibility to correctly diagnose the disease in cats with symptoms suggestive of FIP.