猫传染性腹膜炎研究进展

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种全身性、致死性的病毒性疾病,为幼猫和青年猫死亡的主要原因之一。近年来,该病在世界各地广泛流行,并呈一定的上升趋势。越来越多的学者对其进行了研究与探索,但其致病与免疫机制仍未完全清楚。本文从病原学、发病机制、流行病学、临床症状、诊断与治疗以及免疫与预防等方面对猫传染性腹膜炎进行全面的阐述,为该病的科学诊治与防控提供参考和指导。     

三例疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的诊断

猫传染性腹膜炎(Feline Infectious Peritonitis,FIP)是由猫冠状病毒(FCoVs)引起,以胸、腹部积液和极高的病死率为主要特征。目前治疗该病无特效药,只能通过对症治疗维持基本生命体征。该文通过对收集的3例疑似猫传染性腹膜炎病例进行分析,比较该病的几种综合临床诊断方法,供临床参考。     

猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治体会

猫传染性腹膜炎是由冠状病毒科冠状病毒属猫传染性腹膜炎病毒引起的家养猫及野生猫科动物渐进的致死性疾病。以胸腹腔有高蛋白的渗出液为多见。本文通过该病的流行特点,致病机理、临床症状等阐明了该病的治疗原则和方法。     

一例猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治

猫传染性腹膜炎是幼龄猫常见疾病之一，具有较强的致死性和传染性。由于目前尚未找到其致病机制和免疫机制，临床诊断中需要多种检测结果综合进行确诊。从病猫临床症状、实验室检查、X射线检查、荧光PCR检测等检测结果进行综合确诊，并使用药物GS-441524进行治疗，同时服用保肝药物，3 d后病猫病情好转。     

浅谈猫传染性腹膜炎的诊断与治疗

猫传染性腹膜炎(feline infectious peritonitis,FIP)是由猫传染性腹膜炎病毒引起的猫科动物的一种慢性进行性致死性传染病，常感染1～4岁的群居成年猫[1]。该病的致死率超过90%，少数的猫因诊治及时而康复[2]。患猫通常表现为食欲不振、精神沉郁、体重减轻、腹围增大、持续发烧、呼吸困难、腹泻、黄疸等临床症状[3]。FIP常分为渗出型和非渗出型两种，前者通常表现为胸、腹腔内有大量积液、腹膜炎、贫血等症状；后者主要表现为眼部肉芽肿、中枢神经障碍等症状[4]。本文对临床一例高度疑似猫传染性腹膜炎的病例诊治进行回顾，旨在为该病的防治提供参考。     

猫传染性腹膜炎的诊治

通过对一例疑似猫传染性腹膜炎病例进行较详细的临床检查、影像学检查、血液学检查和腹水检查后,对患猫进行剖腹探查手术,将腹腔肿块进行组织病理学和冠状病毒检测,最后确诊为猫传染性腹膜炎。此外对相关资料进行回顾,以加深对猫传染性腹膜炎的症状、诊断、治疗和转归的了解,为以后的临床诊疗提供参考。     

湖北省武汉市某门诊猫传染性腹膜炎病例统计分析

为了解湖北省武汉市猫传染性腹膜炎的流行情况,以华中农业大学动物医院的门诊临床病例为研究对象,运用猫传染性腹膜炎抗原快速诊断试纸条和RT-PCR检测技术,对2017年11月至2018年9月的1 036例临床病例进行猫传染性腹膜炎检测,并对病例的发病情况和特点进行统计分析。共检出猫传染性腹膜炎阳性病例61例,检出率为5.9%。从时间分布看,2018年1月的检出率最高,占13.4%,其余月份的检出率为6.0%～8.0%。从群间分布看,英国短毛猫、田园猫、美国短毛猫的患病比例较高,占总阳性病例的76.7%;雄性猫(70.0%)患病比例高于雌性猫(30.0%),1岁以下幼猫的阳性占比为72.1%。本研究对于了解猫传染性腹膜炎流行发病特点以及该病的临床防治具有一定参考价值。     

兰州市猫传染性腹膜炎发病情况及治疗效果分析

猫传染性腹膜炎是猫饲养过程中最严重的传染病之一，对猫的健康有很大威胁。2021年3-12月，通过应用临床、实验室及特殊检查方法，对兰州市1 145例猫科疾病中的79例猫传染性腹膜炎病例进行诊疗与分析，以期为该病的诊疗及预防提供参考性资料。分析结果显示，兰州市各区域、不同生存环境及各年龄段的病例数均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。兰州市猫传染性腹膜炎发病率为6.90%,主城区平均确诊率(7.41%)比地县区高2.08%,其中城关区确诊率最高，达到7.72%(20/259);发病率最高的救助猫(17.96%)比家养猫高14.29%;发病率随年龄增长而降低，1岁以下确诊率为10.07%(41/407)。病例的体温、体重、肠道淋巴结及白球比指标随着治疗逐渐恢复正常，但所需时间存在差异。结果表明，兰州市猫传染性腹膜炎发病率与其他地区接近，其与病例来源、生存环境、年龄存在相应联系，体温、体重、肠道淋巴结及白球比指标提示了治疗效果。     

关于猫传染性腹膜炎的防治探讨

猫传染性腹膜炎被称为猫的三大绝症之一,传染性强,死亡率也高.本文论述了猫传染性腹膜炎的症状、预防措施、临床诊断方法及治疗方法,并就目前新出现的两类治疗猫传染性腹膜炎的药物进行了讨论.     

猫冠状病毒的特性及诊断方法

猫冠状病毒在世界各地广泛存在。感染猫冠状病毒后的猫有可能患上一种名为猫传染性腹膜炎的严重疾病。由于目前尚无有效的疫苗及药物治疗该病,因此对该病的诊断显得尤为重要。本文简要介绍了猫     

基于高通量测序和小分子核苷类似物诊断与治疗猫传染性腹膜炎病例转归

猫传染性腹膜炎（简称猫传腹）是一类由冠状病毒引起、以严重腹腔炎症为特征的高致死性传染病，然而对其病原的诊断尚无公认的标准方法，且无有效的治疗手段可应用于兽医临床。因此，本研究通过描述一例猫传染性腹膜炎病例诊治过程，探索针对该病的合理诊疗手段。本研究利用高通量测序技术，综合临床症状、生化分析、血常规等检测方法，实现对该病例的诊断，基于白/球蛋白比、fSAA等临床指标评估抗病毒药物GS-441524治疗效果，监控转归进程。结果表明高通量测序技术可应用于猫传腹的诊断过程，经高剂量药物治疗后临床症状明显改善，8周白/球蛋白比、fSAA两项特征指标恢复正常，10周符合出院标准，16周复查未见疾病复发迹象。此病例的成功治疗证明高通量测序技术在兽医临床诊断的应用价值和GS-441524药物对危重病例治疗的有效性，血清白/球蛋白比（≥0.6）和fSAA （<5 μg·mL^-1）可作为临床指标评估治疗效果。     

猫下泌尿道综合征

猫下泌尿道综合征（FLUTD）是猫最常见的疾病之一,因其发病率高、病因复杂、确诊困难、治疗后易复发等特点,逐渐成为猫科疾病的研究热点。FLUTD包括多种疾病类型,精准治疗、合理预防已成为科学防控该疾病的关键。本文从FLUTD的分类、流行病学及风险因子、发病机制、临床症状、诊断和防治对该综合征进行综述,以推动猫下泌尿道综合征的深入研究及临床诊疗的发展。     

犬皮肤真菌病研究进展

犬皮肤真菌病是犬的常见传染性皮肤病,在临床皮肤病例中占16.86%。该病表现为局部或全身脱毛,脱屑,继发细菌感染可形成脓癣。此病可在动物之间,人与人之间,人与动物之间互相传播,造成一定程度的公共卫生问题。此病多发生于幼龄犬以及体质衰弱、机体抵抗力降低和老龄的犬,也易在犬场和宠物庇护所流行。文章从流行病学、发病机理、临床症状、诊断方法、治疗和预防等方面进行了初步分析。     

Escherichia coli salpingitis and peritonitis in layer chickens: an overview

Escherichia coli can induce salpingitis and/or peritonitis, a major cause of mortality in layer hens, but also other localized and systemic infections. E. coli infections have also been described in turkeys, geese, and ducks and are thought to be the cause of significant economic losses. However little is known about the real economic impact of the disease in layer chickens. The pathogenesis of E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis has not been elucidated yet. Three routes of infection have been discussed in the literature: ascending faecal contamination from the cloaca, bacterial translocation from the respiratory tract (air sac and lungs) and bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen. Only one study has reported the occurrence of ascending faecal contamination from the cloaca to the oviduct and subsequently to the peritoneum. Regarding bacterial translocation, the only models available are for mammals, and these have not been applied to chickens so far Animal models could prove valuable to elucidate the pathogenesis of E. coli-induced salpingitis and peritonitis, and for assessing the value of preventive and curative intervention strategies. Little is known about risk factors for E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis. In contrast to colibacillosis in broilers, recent research has failed to demonstrate an association between several pathogens of the respiratory tract and the occurrence of E. coli pathology in layer chickens. The distance between poultry farms and the hen density in the cages were recently proposed as important risk factors for outbreaks ofcolibacillosis in flocks of layer hens, while in the past hormonal factors were implicated. The latter is an area of research that deserves more attention. Several methods for the molecular typing of E. coli have been described and might prove useful to study the epidemiology ofE. coli outbreaks in poultry, about which little is known. The presumptive diagnosis E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis is rather simple to establish, based on the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, and macroscopic findings at post-mortem. However; bacteriological analysis is required to establish a definite diagnosis because other pathogens can also cause salpingitis and peritonitis in layer hens. Antibiotics, chosen on the basis of sensitivity testing and their pharmacokinetic properties can be used as therapy; however residues in eggs may occur. Autovaccines are often used as prevention because in practice effective protection is only achieved against homologous E. coli serotypes.     

Feline infectious peritonitis.

The article discusses feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), an important disease frequently seen in veterinary practice. FIP causes many problems to the veterinarian as it can be difficult to definitively diagnose the disease, as there is no effective treatment, and as prophylactic interventions are not very successful. Although intense research has created a lot of new knowledge about this disease in the last years, there are still many unanswered questions. The objective of this article is to review recent knowledge and to increase understanding of the complex pathogenesis of FIP.     

Infectious disease factors in swine--pathogenesis and control

Infectious factorial diseases occur in all porcine age groups and are specially responsible for high mortality-rates in weaners and young feeder pigs affected by bronchopneumonia and enteritis. The pathogenesis of infectious factorial diseases is dominated by disease promoting factors of the pigs' environment as well as by false treatment with medicines and disinfectants. The control of infectious factorial diseases needs thorough examination as a basis for herd specific measures. Preventive measures should be completed in all pig herds by animal protective arrangements which are prescribed in the rules for prevention of cruelty to animals and contagious diseases.     

鸭坦布苏病毒病的研究进展

鸭坦布苏病毒病是由鸭坦布苏病毒（duck Tembusu virus,DTMUV）引起的一种新发的病毒性传染病,以产蛋鸭产蛋量严重下降和雏鸭或育成鸭出现神经症状为主要特征。自从2010年首次暴发以来,鸭坦布苏病毒给我国养鸭业带来了巨大的经济损失。本文从病原学、流行病学、天然免疫应答以及病毒的诊断与防控等方面对DTMUV进行综述,为今后该疾病的诊断和预防提供科学依据。     

Bartonellosis in cats: a role in uveitis?

Bartonellosis has been widely studied in human and veterinary medicine over the past two decades. Despite this fact, it remains an enigmatic disease in many ways. The causative bacteria, Bartonella spp, are transmitted to cats by fleas and thus the prevalence in cat populations, particularly in temperate climates, is high. Most cats, whether infected naturally or experimentally, remain asymptomatic. Thus, correlating the presence of the organism to clinical disease, including uveitis, in cats has been difficult. This review summarizes what is known of the transmission and pathogenesis of Bartonella spp in cats, the possible role of the organism in feline ocular disease, as well methods of diagnosis and treatment.     

犬猫冠状病毒研究进展

犬冠状病毒（canine coronavirus,CCoV）与猫冠状病毒（feline coronavirus,FCoV）同属于冠状病毒科冠状病毒属α属,与其同属的病毒还有猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）等。遗传进化分析表明,该种属不同基因型病毒通过基因重组能产生新型变异毒株,为疾病的诊断与防控造成了很大的阻碍。β属冠状病毒包括牛冠状病毒（bovine coronavirus,BCoV）、犬呼吸道冠状病毒（canine respiratory coronavirus,CRCoV）、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV）等,其中CRCoV与BCoV同源性较高,该类病毒与α属冠状病毒在基因组结构、致病机制、感染症状等方面差异较大。CCoV与FCoV在全球范围内广泛传播,具有发病率高、死亡率低的特点。由于RNA病毒本身的特点和环境选择压力的影响,这两种病毒不断变异进化,新的强致病力毒株相继出现。经FCoV基因突变演化而来的猫传染性腹膜炎病毒（feline infectious peritonitis virus,FIPV）毒力大大增强,病毒基因组中某些特异性的点突变使得针对宿主的细胞嗜性发生改变,该病毒的致病机制主要依赖于病毒感染后诱导机体产生的抗体依赖性增强作用（ADE）。针对犬猫冠状病毒的流行病学调查及防控不能仅依赖于疫苗免疫单一因素,还应综合考虑病毒毒力、环境条件、宠物自身免疫抵抗力状态等。针对犬猫冠状病毒的诊断应根据临床症状,结合常规血液学检查、血清生化检查和实验室诊断技术来进行全面的鉴定,防止出现假阳性及假阴性结果。