梅花鹿S100A16基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为探索梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）S100A16基因序列及生物学特性，本研究根据GenBank数据库中牛、绵羊S100A16基因序列设计引物，以梅花鹿鹿茸顶端组织cDNA为模板，采用RT-PCR技术和分子克隆技术成功获得梅花鹿S100A16基因的cDNA序列。生物信息学分析发现，梅花鹿S100A16基因CDS区全长312 bp，编码103个氨基酸；蛋白含有11个磷酸化位点，有跨膜结构域，无信号肽，为在细胞内发挥作用的稳定蛋白；蛋白仅在C端含有S100蛋白家族经典的EF螺旋结构域，由12个氨基酸组成，N端EF螺旋结构域由15个氨基酸组成；蛋白C端含有FGF-1蛋白结合位点；梅花鹿S100A16蛋白的二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲构成；三级结构显示该蛋白有2个Ca²⁺结合位点；梅花鹿S100A16蛋白氨基酸序列与东欧马鹿同源性最高，为100%，与其他部分物种S100A16蛋白氨基酸序列构建系统进化树，分析表明S100A16基因在进化上比较保守，符合功能基因的特点。研究结果为进一步揭示梅花鹿S100A16基因的功能及表达机制提供依据。     

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin - an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

In 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern Swiss Alps. PCR on DNA extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18S rRNA gene with GenBank entries attributed to Babesia divergens of cattle origin or B. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. Examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattle from this area by IFAT, microscopy and PCR provided no evidence for babesial infection. Six of 887 ticks collected from cattle were PCR-positive, and sequencing revealed Babesia sp. genotype EU1 in five and B. divergens/B. capreoli in one of them. A Babesia isolate of chamois, two isolates of roe deer from the same region and one isolate of a roe deer from the north-western Swiss Alps were genetically compared with two Swiss B. divergens isolates of cattle origin by analysing the genomic rDNA locus. Whereas the near full length sequences of the 18S rRNA gene were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from free-ranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. divergens-like organisms from chamois and roe deer.     

洱源、怒江猫源弓形虫虫株的分离与鉴定

为了分离猫源弓形虫,本试验从云南洱源、怒江两地区捕捉18只野猫,取其心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脑组织用盐酸—胃蛋白酶溶液消化处理后,腹腔接种小白鼠,将分离到的弓形虫虫株至少传3代,用特异PCR方法对所分离的虫株进行鉴定。结果表明,从18只野猫的样品中分离出3株弓形虫虫株,用特异性引物对3株虫株进行PCR鉴定,均得到弓形虫的特异性目的条带,测序结果表明所扩增出的DNA片段确为弓形虫核糖体B1基因部分序列。同源性比对分析结果显示分离株与T.gondii B1的同源性为100.0%。将动物组织用盐酸—胃蛋白酶溶液消化处理后腹腔接种小白鼠是一种分离弓形虫虫株较理想的方法,对弓形虫B1基因进行特异性扩增,可以快速地鉴定弓形虫虫株。     

基于RNA-Seq技术的塔里木马鹿毛色相关差异表达基因筛选及初步分析

旨在基于RNA-Seq技术对塔里木马鹿毛色相关基因进行筛选及分析。采用Illumina Hi Seq TM2000测序平台对塔里木马鹿和天山马鹿的皮肤组织进行转录组测序,所得序列经质控、组装后比对到NR、Swiss-Prot、COG、KOG、KEGG、GO和Pfam数据库中注释,并对差异表达基因进行筛选、功能注释和富集分析。结果表明,测序获得25 038个有注释信息的Unigenes,比对分析显示,塔里木马鹿与天山马鹿有922个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因495个,下调表达基因427个;GO功能富集分析结果显示,568个差异表达基因富集到61个GO条目上,分别参与了生物学过程、细胞组分及分子功能;KEGG代谢通路富集分析发现,在差异表达基因中富集最显著的代谢通路是ECM-受体相互作用。利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）方法分析与塔里木马鹿毛色相关的7个候选基因的转录水平变化来验证转录组测序结果的准确性和可靠性,这些基因的表达趋势与转录组测序结果相一致。ECM-受体相互作用、蛋白质消化与吸收、PI3K-Akt信号通路及与黑色素合成相关的酪氨酸等通路可能与塔里木马鹿的毛色有关;候选基因MITF、Ggt1、VDR、PTPRF、CⅡTA、ARPC5L、POMC等可能在塔里木马鹿毛色形成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究结果为今后塔里木马鹿毛色相关基因的分子调控机制方面及挖掘潜在的新基因提供了丰富的试验数据。     

Isolation and Identification of Toxoplasma gondii Isolates from Cats in Eryuan and Nujiang

The assay was aimed to isolate Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) strains from stray cat in Eryuan and Nujiang of Yunnan province.The cat tissues (heart,liver,lung and brain) were digested by acid pepsin solution,intraperitoneally inoculated in Kunming mice,passaged at least 3 generations,and followed by specific PCR amplification of partial B1 gene using species-specific primers.Three T.gondii isolates were isolated from 18 stray cats,PCR result showed that we got the specific target band,and the sequence result of the specific PCR product showed that it was ribosome B1 gene sequence of T.gondii. Homology comparison analysis showed that the isolates was 100.0% homology with T.gondii B1.The method of inoculation into the mice with the tissues that was digested by acid pepsin solution was an effective way to isolate T.gondii strain from animals,and the specific PCR assay was an accurate method for the rapid identification of T.gondii.     

利用Y染色体SRY基因分析马鹿的父系起源和遗传多样性

试验旨在从分子水平上研究中国马鹿的父系起源结构和遗传多样性水平,判断各种群间的系统发育关系和亲缘关系远近。通过DNA提取、PCR扩增和直接测序的方法,对天山马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿、塔河马鹿、东北马鹿等11个群体共159头马鹿的SRY基因序列进行了检测和分析,计算碱基组成、核苷酸多样性（Pi）、单倍型多样性（Hd）以评估遗传多样性,构建单倍型网络图;以白唇鹿为外群,用邻接法（NJ）和最大似然法（ML）构建系统进化树,探讨马鹿的聚类及遗传多样性。结果显示,所获序列长度为1 615 bp,在基因中共鉴定出18个SNPs多态性位点,占核苷酸总数的1.11%,根据多态性位点鉴定出14个单倍型,优势单倍型为Hap-1,所占频率35.84%,为天山马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿、阿拉善马鹿、塔河马鹿、东北马鹿、甘肃马鹿、北美马鹿和高产鹿王种群的共有单倍型。其中,阿拉善马鹿、塔河马鹿、甘肃马鹿、川藏马鹿、北美马鹿和高产鹿王均具有独有单倍型。单倍型多样性介于0~0.857,核苷酸多样性介于0~0.00272,各亚种间遗传距离最大的是塔河马鹿与西藏马鹿（0.002406）,最小的是阿拉善马鹿与青海马鹿（0.000124）。基于邻接法和最大似然法构建的系统进化树一致,显示11个野生马鹿种群间共存在3个分支,支系S1包含全部马鹿种群,塔河马鹿、甘肃马鹿、北美马鹿和高产鹿王构成支系S2,北美马鹿构成支系S3,单倍型最小网络图与系统进化树一致。表明各马鹿种群之间的遗传多样性存在差异,塔河马鹿、高产鹿王和甘肃马鹿分别存在2个父系类型,北美马鹿存在3个父系类型,其他马鹿种群只存在1个父系类型,Hap-1在单倍型组S1中处于核心位置,其他单倍型分散分布于其周围,推测Hap-1为马鹿种群中较为原始的单倍型。     

塔里木马鹿干旱环境适应相关基因的筛选、克隆及生物信息学分析

为了探讨塔里木马鹿（Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）干旱环境适应相关基因的结构特征和相关功能,从前期的塔里木马鹿全基因组重测序结果中,筛选获得塔里木马鹿过氧化物氧化还原酶3（thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase,PRDX3）基因的序列,对该基因在塔里木马鹿不同组织中的表达情况进行分析,同时对塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因编码区（CDS）序列进行克隆测序,运用相关软件进行同源性比对、构建系统进化树及生物信息学分析。结果显示,塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因在肾脏组织中的基因表达水平极显著高于肺脏和肝脏组织（P<0.01）;塔里木马鹿PRDX3基因CDS序列长660 bp。同源性比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,塔里木马鹿与白尾鹿（GenBank登录号：XM_020875097.1）同源性最高,且遗传距离最近;与褐家鼠（GenBank登录号：NM_022540.1）同源性最低,且遗传距离最远。塔里木马鹿PRDX3蛋白分子质量为24.42 ku,由220个氨基酸组成,不稳定系数为25.36,理论等电点（pI）为5.82,脂溶系数为85.50,总平均亲水性为-0.05,存在O-糖基化位点,具有丰富的磷酸化位点,但是不存在N-糖基化位点、跨膜区及信号肽,最可能位于线粒体中,二级结构和三级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,包含PRX_Typ2cys超家族保守结构域,与多种蛋白存在相对较强的相互作用。本研究为后续的塔里木马鹿功能基因的研究奠定基础。     

1株林麝源绿脓杆菌的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

旨在确定甘肃省天水市某林麝养殖场致死林麝的病原菌,并开展其致病性和耐药性研究及全基因组序列分析。采集病死林麝肺,通过细菌的分离纯化、生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对分离菌进行鉴定;随后对其致病性和药物敏感性进行分析,并在分离菌全基因组测序的基础上,对分离菌全基因组序列进行组装和注释,对毒力基因toxA和exoT进行遗传进化分析。结果表明,从病死林麝肺中分离到一株绿脓杆菌,命名为TS2019。致病性试验测得分离菌对小鼠的LD₅₀为2.82×10⁷CFU·mL^-1;药敏试验结果表明,TS2019具有多重耐药性,但对环丙沙星、洛美沙星等药物敏感。基因组测序表明,TS2019基因组全长为6 308 327 bp,编码5 929个基因,其中有1 035个编码产物参与新陈代谢途径;全基因组中有毒力因子编码基因875个,产物有黏附蛋白、调控因子、毒性蛋白等;有四环素类、氨基糖苷类等抗生素耐药相关基因5 288个。遗传进化分析表明,TS2019毒力基因toxA、exoT与GenBank中绿脓杆菌众多菌株相应基因序列相似性均高于99%,其中eoxT基因与中国杭州人源分离株P33的遗传关系最近,但处于独立分支。本研究从病死林麝肺分离鉴定到一株绿脓杆菌,并证实该菌有较强致病性和多重耐药性,其毒力基因toxA和exoT与GenBank中绿脓杆菌相应基因序列具有高度相似性。研究结果为林麝绿脓杆菌感染相关疾病的防治提供了理论支持,也为绿脓杆菌致病机制和耐药机制的深入研究奠定了基础。     

PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis

Numerous PCR-based assays have been developed for the identification of Brucella to improve diagnostic capabilities. Collectively, the repertoire of assays addresses several aspects of the diagnostic process. For some purposes, the simple identification of Brucella is adequate (e.g. diagnosis of human brucellosis or contamination of food products). In these cases, a genus-specific PCR assay is sufficient. Genus-specific assays tend to be simple, robust, and somewhat permissive of environmental influences. The main genetic targets utilized for these applications are the Brucella BCSP31 gene and the 16S–23S rRNA operon.

Other instances require identification of the Brucella species involved. For example, most government-sponsored brucellosis eradication programs include regulations that stipulate a species-specific response. For epidemiological trace back, strain-specific identification is helpful. Typically, differential PCR-based assays tend to be more complex and consequently more difficult to perform. Several strategies have been explored to differentiate among Brucella species and strains, including locus specific multiplexing (e.g. AMOS-PCR based on IS711), PCR-RFLP (e.g. the omp2 locus), arbitrary-primed PCR, and ERIC-PCR to name a few. This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples. While the progress to date is impressive, there is still room for improvement.     

TMEM219基因可变剪切体相对表达量及其对鹿茸重量的影响

试验旨在研究TMEM219基因3种剪切体在不同重量鹿茸尖端的表达规律及TMEM219基因表达对鹿茸重量的影响,以期探究TMEM219基因对鹿茸生长发育的调控机理。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对TMEM219基因及其3种剪切体在同一重量组鹿茸的不同组织及不同重量组鹿茸的同一组织mRNA的相对表达水平进行检测,同时测定并比较不同产茸量梅花鹿的血清中胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）的浓度。结果表明,TMEM219基因的3种剪接体在梅花鹿鹿茸的间充质及前成软骨组织（RP）、过渡组织（TZ）及软骨组织（C）中均有表达,TMEM219-918基因相对表达量极显著高于TMEM219-1005与TMEM219-1960基因（P<0.01）,TMEM219-1005与TMEM219-1960基因相对表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）;高重量组TMEM219基因表达量显著高于低重量组（P<0.05）;同时,高重量组个体血清中IGF-1浓度显著高于低重量组个体（P<0.05）,而IGFBP-3浓度显著低于低重量组个体（P<0.05）。结果提示,TMEM219基因高表达可能会促进鹿茸的生长,增加鹿茸重量;推测其可能的机理是TMEM219竞争性结合IGFBP-3,减少与其结合的IGF-1,加强IGF-1与IGF-1R的亲和力,进而提高IGF-1对鹿茸生长的促进作用。TMEM219基因可能成为影响鹿茸生长发育的候选基因,为提高鹿茸生长提供理论基础。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria sp. from sika deer, Cervus nippon, in Japan

The 18S rRNA genes of Theileria species detected in sika deer, Cervus nippon centralis in Yamaguchi and Cervus nippon yesoensis in Hokkaido, were analyzed. The percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of Theileria from Cervus nippon centralis and Cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. The percent identities of the Theileria sp. from sika deer and Theileria sergenti, Theileria buffeli and Theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences also revealed that Theileria sp. detected from sika deer comprise a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of Theileria from cattle.     

牙釉质基因鉴定麇鹿性别

性别鉴定是调查野生种群雌雄性比的重要方法,对野生动物种群管理具有重要意义。而牙釉质(AMEL)基因在性染色体上具有较高的保守性,在鉴定动物性别方面得到了应用,本次试验采用北京麋鹿生态实验中心的15头糜鹿组织样本,其中11个来自雄性麇鹿鹿茸,4个来自雌性糜鹿静脉血液。对所取样本分别进行基因组DNA提取、AMEL基因片段PCR扩增、纯化、测序。得到了AMEL基因鉴定和实际雌雄性别个数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:雌性麋鹿产生1条322 bpX带和1条N带,雄性麋鹿则产生322 bpX带和277 bpY带以及1条N带,雄鹿(10/10)和雌鹿(4/4)性别鉴定结果分别都与实际性别符合,所以,使用鹿茸角和血液样本进行AMEL.基因扩增电泳分析可以对糜鹿性别鉴定。     

Anaplasma infection in free-ranging Iberian red deer in the region of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Organisms in the genus Anaplasma are obligate intracellular pathogens that multiply in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The type species, Anaplasma marginale, causes bovine anaplasmosis and infects erythrocytes of the vertebrate host and undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which serve as biological vectors. Infected cattle, wild ruminants and ticks can all serve as reservoirs of A. marginale. In this study, hunter killed Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from the region of Castilla-La Mancha in southwestern Spain were tested for Anaplasma infection. We found that 10% of the deer examined were seropositive for Anaplasma. Three A. marginale strains were subsequently obtained from salivary glands of Hyalomma marginatum that were removed from these deer, and the sequence of the major surface protein (msp)4 gene was determined for each strain and used for phylogenetic studies. Maximum parsimony analyses of msp4 sequences from H. marginatum ticks in comparison with New World cattle and bison isolates reported previously, suggested different origins for these Spanish A. marginale strains. The results of this study demonstrated that Iberian red deer are naturally infected with Anaplasma, and may therefore serve as a wildlife reservoir of the pathogen. Although the link between deer infection and the strains of A. marginale identified in ticks was not established, H. marginatum and Rhipicephalus bursa were identified as potential biological vectors for A. marginale in this region and may effect transmission of A. marginale between deer and cattle populations.     

梅花鹿成纤维细胞因子受体2基因多态性及其与茸重性状的关联分析

【目的】探索梅花鹿成纤维细胞因子受体2(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,FGFR2)基因多态性及其对茸重性状的影响。【方法】应用直接测序法对梅花鹿FGFR2基因的全部外显子进行测序分析,通过MassARRAY^® SNP分型技术对314头24月龄梅花鹿进行基因分型和单倍型分析,分析FGFR2基因不同基因型和单倍型与茸重的关联性。【结果】在梅花鹿FGFR2基因中共发现12个多态性位点,其中5个位于外显子区域,且突变均未引起氨基酸改变,属于同义突变,其余7个位点均存在于内含子区域。分型结果显示,g.80975864 T>G位点未分型成功,后续对其余11个位点进行了分析,g.80943673 T>C、g.80943683 C>A及g.80938352 C>T 3个位点属于中度多态位点(0.25＜P＜0.5),其余位点均属于低度多态位点(P＜0.25)。χ²检验结果表明,g.80998742 G>A和g.80987708 G>A 2个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＜0.05),其他9个位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＞0.05)。关联分析结果表明,11个多态性位点各基因型之间的茸重差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。单倍型结果显示,FGFR2基因存在5种单倍型,不同单倍型间梅花鹿茸重差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。【结论】FGFR2基因的11个突变位点可能不是影响梅花鹿茸重性状的关键位点。     

Cloning,Expression Analysis and Regulation of PNPLA8 Gene by Prolactin in Buffalo

In order to investigate the role of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 8(PNPLA8) in lipid metabolism of mammary gland in buffalo,the coding region (CDS) was amplified and cloned by PCR based on the sequence of Bos taurus PNPLA8 gene in GenBank (accession No.:XM_005205444.4) were analyzed using bioinformatics software.Total RNA was extracted from different tissues of buffalo and mammary glands,which were harvested from different lactating buffaloes.The expression of PNPLA8 gene mRNA in different tissues and different lactation period was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR.For buffalo mammary epithelial cell treatment,different concentrations of prolactin were used and the effect of prolactin on the expression of PNPLA8 gene was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the length of the PNPLA8 gene CDS was 2 355 bp,encoding 784 amino acids.The sequence showed high homology with Bos mutes and Capra hircus.PNPLA8 gene was expressed at different levels in 11 tissues examined,with a relatively high level in the lung and mammary tissues while the low level in the fat and muscle tissues.The expression abundance of the PNPLA8 gene was variable during lactation and showed a trend of "low-high-low".Prolactin treatment showed that the expression of PNPLA8 gene decreased with the increase of prolactin concentration.In this study,PNPLA8 gene of buffalo was successfully cloned,and the expression of PNPLA8 gene in different tissues and the lactation period was analyzed.Herein,the effect of prolactin on the expression of PNPLA8 gene was studied that laid a foundation for further research on PNPLA8 gene of mammary gland in buffalo.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of VP gene of Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Zhejiang Isolate

In order to enrich the biological characteristics of VP gene from Muscovy duck parvovirus Zhejiang isolate (MDPV-ZJ),the target VP gene fragments were amplified by PCR method with specific primers,then the obtained PCR products were cloned and sequenced.The bioinformatics analysis of VP gene of MDPV-ZJ was conducted.The results revealed that MDPV-ZJ VP gene was 2 199 bp in length,coding an open reading frame (ORF) with 732 amino acids.The molecular weight,theoretical isoelectric point,instability index and grand average of hydropathicity of MDPV-ZJ VP gene were 81.32 ku,6.59,37.49 and －0.667,respectively,and with no signal peptide.The genetic evdution ary tree based on the VP gene showed that the MDPV isoaltes contains two groups:The typical MDPV and recombinant MDPV; Also,the typical MDPV could be divided into three branches:Taiwanese branch,Maniland China branch and Euro branch,which existed obvious regional genetic evolution relationship.In this assay MDPV-ZJ was belonged to MDPV Maniland China branch.     

番鸭细小病毒浙江分离株VP基因的克隆与序列分析

为明确番鸭细小病毒结构蛋白VP的特征,本研究运用PCR从已分离鉴定的番鸭细小病毒浙江分离株(MDPV-ZJ)中分段扩增出VP基因,并对其进行克隆测序和分析。结果表明,番鸭细小病毒浙江分离株VP基因全长为2 199 bp,编码732个氨基酸。所编码的包膜蛋白大小为81.32 ku、理论等电点为6.59、不稳定系数为37.49、亲水性平均系数为－0.667,属于亲水性稳定类蛋白,该编码的结构蛋白没有信号肽,为非分泌蛋白。根据VP基因特征从遗传进化上可将MDPV分为2个大的基因型:经典型和基因重组型,经典型MDPV可以进一步划分为台湾亚群、大陆亚群和欧洲群,MDPV各分离株在遗传进化上存在明显的地域性。本试验中MDPV浙江分离株株处于MDPV大陆亚群。     

水牛PNPLA8基因编码区克隆、表达分析及催乳素对该基因的调节作用

为了探究磷脂酶patatin样域包含蛋白8（patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8,PNPLA8）在水牛乳腺脂质代谢中的作用,试验根据GenBank中公布的奶牛PNPLA8基因序列（登录号：XM_005205444.4）设计引物,应用PCR扩增并克隆水牛PNPLA8基因编码区（CDS）,应用生物信息学软件分析序列及蛋白质结构;抽提水牛不同组织及不同泌乳期乳腺组织RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测PNPLA8基因在不同组织间和不同泌乳期的表达;利用不同浓度的催乳素处理水牛乳腺上皮细胞,通过定量检测催乳素对PNPLA8基因表达的影响。结果显示,水牛PNPLA8基因CDS长2 355 bp,编码784个氨基酸,与牦牛、山羊等PNPLA8基因具有较高的同源性;PNPLA8基因在所检测的水牛11个组织中有不同水平的表达,在肺脏和乳腺中表达量相对较高,在脂肪和肌肉组织中表达量较低;在整个泌乳期内PNPLA8基因的表达呈现"低-高-低"趋势;催乳素处理水牛乳腺上皮细胞结果显示,随着催乳素浓度升高,PNPLA8基因表达量逐渐下降。本研究成功克隆了水牛PNPLA8基因,并发现PNPLA8基因是参与乳腺泌乳的一个功能基因,为进一步研究PNPLA8基因在水牛乳腺中的功能奠定基础。     

Construction and Identification of Yeast Surface Display Libraries of Ovis aries DRA Gene Exon 2

The specific primers were designed according to Ovis aries DRA gene sequence deposited in GenBank and the multiple cloning site of the plasmid pYD1,which was a vector used for protein surface display on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The gene encoding DRA was amplified by PCR using the genomic RNA of Ovis aries.The 762 bp fragment was cloned and released in GenBank and registration number was KR422362.The PCR product was inserted into the yeast surface display plasmid vector pYD1 by double enzyme digestion.It was indicated that DRA gene was successfully integrated into the genome.Dot mutation was made at both ends of exon 2 in DRA gene for making restriction enzyme cutting site and design the exon 2 specific primers according to mutated Ovis aries DRA gene sequence.Sequenced exon 2 amplification products based on DNA pooling of sheep large sample template was analyzed the polymorphic loci.The polymorphic exon 2 246 bp fragment was obtained by double enzyme digestion and connected to surface display restructuring mutation carriers pYD1-DRA by the same double enzyme digestion,and then we successfully constructed yeast surface display libraries.We transformed it into Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 cell.Yeast monoclone was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing,and we confirmed that DRA gene had been integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.After galactose induced,it was detected that DRA gene library had been successfully demonstrated on the yeast cell surface under the fluorescence microscope by immunofluorescence method.