青研系列大白菜杂交种及亲本指纹图谱构建和杂种纯度鉴定

利用SSR分子标记技术构建了青研系列7份大白菜杂交种及其11个亲本的DNA指纹图谱,筛选出5对具有较高多态性的SSR核心引物,核心引物组合扩增,可以鉴别亲本及其杂交种的真伪。利用其中一对共显性SSR标记P3鉴定青研早9号、青研桔15和青研春白一号三个杂交种的纯度。对比苗期性状调查结果表明,SSR分子标记用于杂交种纯度鉴定结果是可靠的。本试验为大白菜杂交种纯度鉴定提供了可靠的方法,对亲本保护及杂交种推广具有重要意义。     

利用SSR指纹图谱技术对杂交油菜种质鉴定的研究

在利用SSR标记构建53份甘蓝型黄籽油菜种质资源的DNA指纹图谱的基础上,筛选出一个对黄籽油菜杂种贵油519及亲本具有共显性的SSR引物Ra2A05b,鉴定大田生产F1杂种群体的纯度,经与大田对比鉴定结果表明：SSR标记鉴定可以更多的识别非杂交种单株。     

杂交水稻种子纯度SSR指纹图谱标记鉴定技术研究

用SSR指纹图谱标记对10个杂交水稻组合的子一代种子纯度进行鉴定,并进行人为掺杂与田间种植验证.结果表明,分布于染色体1～12的232对微卫星引物中,有62对引物能够分别在1～10个杂交稻组合及其亲本中显示稳定的多态性,据此有效鉴定出杂交组合中的亲本种子;人为掺杂与田间种植验证均与室内SSR鉴定结果完全一一对应.     

基于SSR标记的5个西瓜新品种纯度鉴定及特异性分析的研究

为建立西瓜杂交种品种纯度的快速、准确、高效鉴定体系,利用SSR分子标记,对5个西瓜新品种纯度进行鉴定,并构建亲本的分子指纹图谱。以上海市农业科学院育成的5个西瓜新品种‘申选958’、‘双色冰淇淋’、‘黄晶’、‘圣女红2号’与‘圣女红3号’及其亲本的种子为试材,采用CTAB法从发芽种子的根尖中提取DNA。根据杂交种带型双亲互补的原则,利用SSR标记进行杂交种纯度及特异性鉴定研究。从28对SSR核心引物中筛选出5对特异性引物(引物BVWS00106、BVWS00209、BVWS0036、BVWS01734、BVWS00826),鉴定到这5个新品种的杂交种纯度均达到98%,并与各品种的大田植物学形态特征鉴定结果相比较,符合率高达98%以上。分析比较各亲本材料的SSR引物的多态性表现,构建了9份亲本材料的DNA指纹图谱。研究为西瓜杂交品种纯度快速检测和品种权保护提供了理论依据与技术支撑。     

‘湘农大棉1号’的SSR数字指纹图谱构建及纯度鉴定

为了快速而准确地鉴定杂交棉种子的纯度和真伪,根据亲本材料来源和被推荐使用的SSR核心引物,挑选了33对引物对‘湘农大棉1号’及其亲本进行多态性筛选。结果表明,其中8对SSR引物在父母本及其杂交种扩增出清晰、稳定的多态性性条带,且这些位点在F1中均表现为共显性标记。获得的共显性标记都能用于该杂交种的纯度鉴定,可以用来区别其中混杂的母本、父本及其他种子。将这8对引物在3个材料中扩增得到的01（二进制）数据转换成十进制数据,构建了‘湘农大棉1号’及其亲本的数字指纹图谱。采用多对引物构建的杂交棉数字指纹图谱,能为杂交种的真伪鉴定、纯度检测及亲本提纯等工作提供更加准确的技术指导。     

甜瓜品种SSR指纹图谱的构建

为实现对甜瓜品种快速准确鉴定,利用SSR分子标记技术对6个甜瓜品种及其亲本共18份材料构建指纹图谱。通过利用50对多态性好的甜瓜SSR引物,经扩增电泳分析得到C17、C21、C30共3对引物,可用于构建18份材料的指纹图谱,实现了对这些材料的分子鉴定。另外利用C21引物对材料M324的杂种品种进行纯度鉴定,结果纯度为89%,与田间性状统计结果 90%相符。     

缺乏亲本材料条件下鉴定杂交水稻种子纯度的研究

通过直接利用杂交水稻种子筛选SSR标记，进行种子纯度鉴定。结果表明，采用10粒杂交种子的DNA建立DNA池用于引物的筛选，可以有效地避免采用单粒杂交种子时，因假杂种可能造成的干扰。该方法克服了已有的DNA分子标记在鉴定种子纯度技术中对亲本材料的依赖，实现了即使在经销商不愿或无法提供亲本材料时也可以进行杂交种子纯度鉴定。此外，本方法还缩短了鉴定时间，并节约了鉴定费用。     

SSR标记与形态学方法鉴定杂交油菜纯度的比较研究

为了探讨SSR标记技术在油菜杂交种纯度鉴定中应用的可行性,本文采用SSR标记技术和形态学方法鉴定油菜杂交种纯度以比较两者的差异,用406对微卫星引物分别对杂交油菜品种"蜀杂六号"核不育系156AB的可育株及不育株、恢复系86Y17和杂种1代各自的形态学正常植株及杂株,进行了鉴定.首先从406对SSR引物中筛选出了多态性强且易识别的14对SSR引物.采用选出的14对引物能稳定扩增出蜀杂六号父母本的多态性,能够鉴定油菜杂种中的杂株,但结果表明SSR标记鉴定的杂株与形态学方法鉴定的杂株存在较大差异.     

西瓜新品种‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’杂交种纯度及其遗传特异性的SSR标记鉴定

本研究以西瓜杂交新品种‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’及其亲本种质为试验材料,采用SSR分子标记检测技术对其种子纯度及遗传特异性进行了鉴定研究。从38对SSR引物中筛选得到2对特异性引物(引物BVWS00209和BVWS00233)可以鉴定出‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’杂交种的纯度,结果表明:‘抗病948’与‘申抗988’的种子纯度分别为97%和98%。SSR标记鉴定结果与‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’的大田植物学形态特征鉴定结果符合率高达99%以上,并通过分析比较各亲本种质的SSR引物的多态性表现,构建出‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’亲本的DNA指纹图谱。本研究可为开展‘抗病948’和‘申抗988’西瓜新品种的杂交种纯度室内快速检测提供技术支撑。     

番茄品种SSR指纹图谱的构建

为实现对番茄品种快速准确鉴定,利用SSR分子标记技术对7个番茄品种及其亲本共21份材料构建指纹图谱.通过利用50对多态性好的番茄SSR引物,经扩增电泳分析得到T23、T34、T49共3对引物,可用于构建21份材料的指纹图谱,实现了对这些材料的分子鉴定.另外利用T 34引物对材料T223、T 255的杂交种品种进行纯度鉴定,结果纯度分别为93.22％、93.75％,与田间性状统计结果(93.8％、93.8％)相符.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.