不同耐盐性水稻幼苗叶绿体光能转化特性对盐胁迫的反应

[目的]探讨盐逆境下光合器官的光合潜力,为提高全株光合能力提供理论依据。[方法]以耐盐性不同的水稻品种Pokkali(耐盐)、Peta(盐敏感)幼苗为材料,研究叶绿体光能转化对盐胁迫的响应。[结果]结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度和时间的增加,2个水稻品种净光合速率、叶绿体放氧活性、ATP含量下降;100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,叶绿体ATP酶活性先上升后基本不变,叶绿体光合磷酸化活力先上升后下降;200 mmol/L NaCl作用下,叶绿体ATP酶、叶绿体光合磷酸化活性一直下降;且耐盐品种Pokkali下降的程度明显小于盐敏感品种Peta。[结论]盐胁迫下耐盐品种叶绿体光能转化能力强于盐敏感品种。     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下水稻根系活力及叶片光合色素含量的影响

[目的]研究外源亚精胺（Spd）对盐胁迫下抗盐能力不同的2个水稻品种的根系活力及叶片光合色素含量的影响。[方法]选用由国际水稻研究所（IRRI）提供的已确定具植株耐盐性差异的一组籼稻品种——Pokkali（耐盐）和Peta（盐敏感）为材料,研究外源Spd对盐胁迫下2个品种根系活力及叶片光合色素含量的影响。[结果]200 mmol/L NaCl处理下,随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长,水稻根系活力呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,盐敏感品种Peta根系活力的下降幅度大于耐盐品种Pokkali;而外源Spd处理下Pokkali根系活力比Peta占优势;耐盐品种Pokkali的叶绿素（Chl）和类胡萝卜素（Car）含量较对照均有所升高,且Chl的升高幅度明显大于Car,使Car/Chl比对照有显著下降,而Peta仅Car升高,Chl较对照则有所下降;外源Spd处理提高了盐处理下2个品种Chl和Car含量以及Chla/Chlb,且Pokkali的Chl含量升幅较大。[结论]Spd对水稻根系盐胁迫具有缓解作用,降低根系的伤害程度;能提高水稻光合色素含量,缓解盐胁迫对水稻叶绿体精细结构的破坏,降低盐胁迫对光合色素蛋白复合体的伤害,从而提高水稻光合能力。     

盐胁迫对水稻叶片光合效率和叶绿体超显微结构的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫下耐盐性不同的水稻品种Pokkali(耐盐)和Peta(盐敏感)叶片光合效率和叶绿体数量和结构的变化。结果表明：随着NaCl胁迫浓度和时间的增加，耐盐品种单位面积的叶绿体数目变化不大，盐敏感品种叶绿体数目明显减少；叶绿体老化加快，基粒片层和基质片层逐渐解体，嗜锇颗粒数量和体积逐渐增加，耐盐品种叶绿体伤害程度明显小于盐敏感品种。耐盐品种Pokkali叶绿体结构在盐胁迫下的稳定性明显强于盐敏感品种Peta。耐盐品种净光合速率和PSⅡ光化学效率(FV／Fin)下降的幅度小于盐敏感品种。     

盐胁迫下不同耐盐性水稻幼苗叶绿素荧光差异性研究

试验研究结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度和时间的增加,2个供试水稻品种(Pokkali和Peta)的初始荧光、最大光化学效率、表观电子传递速率、光量子产量和光化学猝灭系数不断下降;100 mmoL/L NaCl胁迫下2个水稻品种叶绿素含量、非光化学猝灭系数先上升后下降;200 mmoL/L Nacl胁迫下2个水稻品种的叶绿素含量不断下降,Pokkali的非光化学猝灭系数先上升后下降,Peta的非光化学猝灭系数不断下降;相同处理条件下Pokkali的光合速率、叶绿素含量、最大光化学效率、表观电子传递速率、光量子产量、光化学猝灭系数、非光化学猝灭系数明显高于Peta,这与Pokkali的耐盐性有关.     

盐胁迫下亚精胺对不同耐盐性水稻叶片内游离态多胺含量的影响

通过外源亚精胺(Spd)处理不同耐盐性水稻品种Pokkali(耐盐)和Peta(盐敏感),测定叶片的相对含水量(RWC)、游离态多胺含量等生理指标.结果表明,外源Spd提高了盐处理下Peta和Pokkali叶片的RWC,分别为18.6%和9.6%,RWC的升幅是Peta大于Pokkali,说明Spd对Peta缓解作用较强.外源Spd处理使Pokkali游离态的[(Spd+Spm)/Put]比值比单独盐处理提高了64.73%,(Put/PAs)降低34.61%,而Peta中仅[(Spd+Spm)/Put]比盐处理升高15.24%,且升高幅度及(Put/PAs)的降低幅度均是Pokkali大于Peta,说明Pokkali耐盐能力较强.     

NaCl胁迫对罂粟幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫下罂粟幼苗的生长及生理生化特性的变化,为罂粟抗盐性综合研究提供理论基础。[方法]利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对罂粟种子进行处理并模拟盐胁迫环境,测定相关的生长及生理指标。[结果]NaCl浓度的增加促使罂粟幼苗的苗高、根长、根冠比、根系含水量、茎叶含水量均明显下降。幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、丙二醛含量也随NaCl浓度的增加而上升,且高浓度下上升幅度大于低浓度。[结论]60~90mmol/L是罂粟的耐盐临界点。当盐浓度增加到180mmol/L时,幼苗基本枯死。     

盐胁迫对酸枣种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以酸枣种子和1a生实生苗为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫下其种子萌发及幼苗伤害特性。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,酸枣种子发芽率、发芽指数和相对发芽率均不同程度下降;NaCl浓度为100mmol/L时,NaCl胁迫对种子的发芽率、发芽指数抑制作用达到显著水平,并且其相对盐害率也显著上升;酸枣种子的胚根、胚轴长度和生长速率随着NaCl浓度的增高均呈下降趋势,NaCl胁迫对酸枣胚根长度的不良影响大于胚轴长度。1a生实生苗随NaCl胁迫的加重,各处理膜透性和丙二醛含量的变化呈增加的趋势。酸枣叶片伤害度随着NaCl浓度增加而上升,经300mmol/L NaCl处理后第12天,其膜透性达最大值为50.1%,仍然能够存活。在低浓度的NaCl胁迫下,酸枣种子和幼苗均基本上没有受到盐害,但其耐盐特性存在差异,酸枣幼苗比种子耐盐。     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

亚精胺浸种对渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片类囊体膜上结合态多胺含量的影响

[目的]探讨多胺增强植物抗旱性的机理。[方法]用亚精胺（spermidine：Spd）浸种,检测了渗透胁迫下玉米品种农大108（抗旱性较强）和掖单13（抗旱性较弱）幼苗叶片中类囊体膜上结合态多胺含量的变化。[结果]渗透胁迫7 d,抗旱性弱的掖单13玉米幼苗叶片的相对含水量和类囊体膜上非共价结合态亚精胺含量的下降幅度明显大于抗旱性较强的品种农大108 Spd浸种处理,不仅明显抑制掖单13在胁迫条件下其幼苗叶片相对含水量的下降,并且明显抑制其在胁迫条件下类囊体膜上非共价结合态亚精胺含量的下降。[结论]Spd浸种,通过抑制渗透胁迫下玉米幼苗类囊体膜上非共价结合态亚精胺含量的下降,提高玉米（特别是抗旱性较弱的品种）幼苗的抗渗透胁迫能力。     

Effects of Salt Stress on Fatty Acid Composition of Thylakoid Membrane of Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下水稻根系抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下耐盐水稻品种Pokkali和盐敏感水稻品种Peta根系抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力的影响.结果表明:外源亚精胺可以提高盐胁迫下不同耐盐性水稻品种根系中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2- ·)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量;使盐胁迫下根系脯氨酸的含量升高;并且可以阻止盐胁迫下两品种水稻根系可溶性蛋白含量及根系活力的降低.这表明,外源亚精胺可缓解盐胁迫对两品种水稻根系的伤害,并且对盐敏感品种Peta的缓解作用大于耐盐品种Pokkali.     

赤霉素对盐胁迫下水稻种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究赤霉素对盐胁迫下水稻种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。[方法]采用60～210 mmol/L的NaCl作为不同浓度的盐胁迫,结合10μmol/L GA3处理,考察珍汕97水稻种子发芽及幼苗生长状况。[结果]大于等于60mmol/L的NaCl胁迫显著抑制水稻种子发芽及幼苗生长,而10μmol/L GA3处理能显著缓解小于等于90mmol/L的NaCl胁迫对活力指数、第1片真叶叶鞘生长、株高生长的影响,显著缓解90～150mmol/L的NaCl胁迫对种子根生长的影响,显著缓解小于等于180mmol/L的NaCl胁迫对发芽势、发芽指数的影响,并显著缓解120～210mmol/L的NaCl胁迫对发芽率的影响。[结论]10μmol/L GA3处理能显著缓解一定浓度范围内的盐胁迫对水稻种子发芽及幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

β-氨基丁酸增强水稻幼苗耐盐性的初步研究

[目的]探讨化学抗性诱导剂β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid,BABA）对水稻幼苗耐盐性的影响。[方法]采用沙培试验,对2叶期稻苗进行BABA预处理和盐胁迫,研究BABA对盐胁迫下稻苗叶片萎蔫、质膜相对透性及渗透调节物质的影响：[结果]0．1～1．0mmol／LBABA预处理稻苗2d后,在100～150mmol／L NaCl胁迫下,能明显减轻稻苗叶片的萎蔫、降低质膜相对透性。与对照相比,BABA预处理不能促进盐胁迫下叶片脯氨酸的积累,但能提高可溶性糖含量。[结论]BABA具有增强水稻幼苗耐盐性的作用.     

盐胁迫下钙对草莓叶片脂肪酸含量及组成的影响

在盆栽条件下用150mmol/LNaCl溶液处理达塞莱克特草莓植株,研究了10mmol/LCaCl2对叶片膜脂脂肪酸含量的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫5d时,缺钙和钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)处理减少不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈烯酸和亚麻酸)的积累量,阻碍棕榈酸和硬脂酸的脱饱和反应,抑制膜脂不饱和度的增加;而加钙处理的变化趋势与此相反,表明钙提高植株的耐盐性。在不饱和脂肪酸中亚油酸含量最高,缓解盐害的效应大于其他脂肪酸。     

盐胁迫对芦苇愈伤组织抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量的影响

[目的]探讨芦苇愈伤组织对盐胁迫的生理响应。[方法]以2种芦苇沙芦和水芦愈伤组织为试材,将其置于添加不同浓度NaCl的培养基进行胁迫处理,13 d后测定各项生理指标。[结果]50 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下水芦愈伤组织的细胞活力、TBARS以及活性氧含量均明显增加,而沙芦愈伤组织的则比对照略有降低;300 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下2种芦苇愈伤组织中TBARS与活性氧含量均有所增加;50和300mmol/L NaCl处理下水芦愈伤组织内脯氨酸含量增加,而沙芦愈伤组织的虽在50 mmol/L NaCl处理下降低,但在300 mmol/L NaCl处理下则远远高于水芦愈伤组织的;300 mmol/L NaCl处理下沙芦愈伤组织的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著升高,而水芦愈伤组织的SOD和POD活性虽有所增加,但增幅不如沙芦愈伤组织的。[结论]沙芦愈伤组织具有更强的耐盐性。     

普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)DNA导入栽培稻后代的发芽耐盐性研究

[目的]研究普通野生稻DNA导入栽培稻后代的耐盐性,从中筛选出耐盐性较强的材料,为水稻耐盐育种提供优异的种质资源。[方法]选取普通野生稻基因组DNA导入宁夏栽培品种宁粳16号和宁粳23号中所产生的后代为材料,用NaCl浓度为170 mmol/L的培养基进行处理,以各材料种子第5天的发芽势、发芽期的发芽率、相对盐害率为筛选指标进行鉴定,并研究了芽长、主根长和根数对盐胁迫的敏感指数。[结果]盐胁迫下,供试材料发芽势、发芽率均有不同程度的降低,材料DJ14、09D42、08D5-24、08D5-23和DJ24的相对盐害率均低于受体材料;盐胁迫下,芽长的敏感指数最大,其次为根数,根长最小。[结论]材料DJ14、09D42、08D5-24、08D5-23、DJ24、D5-54、DJ25、08D5-27、D-10、102、DJ18和09D68属于耐盐性较强的材料,耐盐级别均达到1级。     

CaCl2和GA3对盐胁迫下紫藤花粉萌发的影响

[目的]为探明缓解盐胁迫抑制紫藤花粉萌发的方法.[方法]采用花粉人工培养法,研究了不同浓度的CaCl2和GA3对盐胁迫下紫藤（Wisteria sinensis （Sims） Sweet）花粉萌发的影响.[结果]20 mmol/L NaCl胁迫对紫藤花粉活力和花粉管长度均显著降低（P＜0.01）,且花粉管出现分枝.1.5～ 12.0 mmol/L CaCl2和25 ～ 150 mmol/L GA3对盐胁迫下紫藤花粉萌发率和花粉管长均有一定的促进作用,而且均表现出随浓度的增加先增后降的趋势.[结论] CaCl2和GA3的最适处理浓度分别为2.0和100 mmol/L.