山羊尿素舔砖不同添加水平的效果试验

本试验选取21头10月龄、体重26kg左右的湘东黑山羊,随机分成3组,其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B组和C组为试验组,分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,补饲尿素含量为7%和10%的尿素糖蜜舔砖,以研究尿素糖蜜舔砖对山羊增重效果的影响.结果表明:补饲尿素糖蜜舔砖后,湘东黑山羊营养状况大大改善,增重速度得到不同程度的提高.补饲舔砖的B、C试验组日增重分别为0.12kg和0.15kg,比对照组分别高50%和87.5%,试验C组比试验B组高2 5%,经方差分析差异及显著(P<0.01).试验B、C组中每只羊比对照组分别多收入8.34元和17.13元.从而也得出10%尿素添加比7%尿素添加的舔砖补饲山羊的效果要好.     

不同尿素水平的糖蜜舔砖对黑山羊增重的影响

选用生长发育良好、健康无病的湘东黑山羊21只,随机分成3组,其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B组和C组是试验组,分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,补饲尿素含量为7%和10%的尿素糖蜜舔砖,做尿素糖蜜舔砖对山羊增重效果的试验。结果表明,在为期1个月的试验中,补饲舔砖对山羊增重效果显著(P<0.05),试验B、C组分别每只羊比A组平均多增重1.2和2.1kg,净收益高8.34和17.13元。此外,补饲尿素糖蜜舔砖的羊只较对照组被毛光泽、食欲旺盛、精神好和异嗜现象明显减少。     

舔砖和预混料对湖羊生产性能的影响试验

试验以稻草颗粒料为基础,比较补饲舔砖与饲喂预混料日粮对湖羊生产性能的影响。试验选用体重20 kg左右的公湖羊30只,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组补饲舔砖,试验组饲喂预混料日粮,预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果显示:试验组日增重比对照组提高29.77 g(P0.05);每kg增重耗料和日粮成本分别降低0.92 kg和3.46元;试验组湖羊血清尿素氮浓度、谷草转氨酶活性分别极显著和显著低于对照组。结果表明,以稻草颗粒料日粮为基础,生长湖羊饲喂预混料的养殖效果优于补饲舔砖。     

不同尿素水平的糖蜜营养舔砖对奶山羊消化代谢的影响

选用6月龄左右、生长发育良好、健康无病的奶山羊去势公羊12只,按体重、年龄等情况随机分成3组,其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B组和C组为试验组,分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,补饲尿素含量为10%和15%的尿素糖蜜营养舔砖,进行全收粪尿法消化代谢试验。试验期为7d。结果表明,奶山羊舔食尿素糖蜜舔砖可提高日粮中氮的沉积率和粗纤维的消化率,A、B、C3组日粮中氮的沉积率分别为29.8%、35.4%和38.6%(P<0.01);粗纤维的利用率分别为35.5%、36.8%和37.5%(P>0.05)。     

补饲糖蜜尿素舔砖对水牛增重性能的影响

在冬春季节 ,饲养状况差的情况下 ,利用 14头育成水牛进行了为期 6 0天的补饲糖蜜尿素舔砖对比饲养试验。结果表明 :补饲舔砖的水牛平均日增重为 30 8± 5 6g ,比对照组 113± 6 3g的日增重提高 195g,差异显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;试验组干物质采食量比对照组提高 13 6 % ;试验期间补饲舔砖的试验组平均每头水牛比对照组增加毛利收入 2 1 6元 ,日头均增加毛利收入 0 36元。说明补饲糖蜜尿素舔砖能明显提高水牛的增重性能 ,经济效益显著     

复合植物提取物对湘东黑山羊生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合植物(含杜仲叶、迷迭香叶、枇杷叶和柿子叶)提取物对湘东黑山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆指标及背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选择体重[(9.82±0.83) kg]相近的健康雌性湘东黑山羊20头,随机分为2组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.15%的复合植物提取物,试验期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加复合植物提取物对湘东黑山羊的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)和营养物质表观消化率均没有显著影响(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加复合植物提取物可显著或极显著提高湘东黑山羊血浆中甘油三酯(TG)含量(P0.05)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.01),且具有提高血浆总胆汁酸(TBA)含量的趋势(0.05P0.10);但对血浆中葡萄糖(GLU)和丙二醛(MDA)含量具有降低趋势(0.05P0.10);对血浆免疫球蛋白含量没有显著影响(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加复合植物提取物对湘东黑山羊背最长肌脂肪酸组成没有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加0.15%复合植物提取物对湘东黑山羊的生长性能并没有显著影响,但能够显著提高山羊的抗氧化性能和血浆TG的含量以及具有降低血浆GLU含量的趋势。     

稀土添加剂对湘东黑山羊育肥性能的影响

试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组湘东黑山羊分别用添加15mg/kg体重、10mg/kg体重的稀土日粮，试验Ⅲ组为对照组（不添加稀土）进行育肥试验。对试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的日增重、料重比与试验Ⅲ组进行F检验，组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的经济效益分别比对照Ⅲ组提高12.93%和8.14%，且试验Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组4.79%，结果表明：日粮中以每kg体重添加15mg的稀土对湘东黑山羊育肥效果为佳。     

尿素糖浆营养舔砖对放牧牦牛和藏羊的补饲效果

以体重相近的2岁牦牛、藏羊各20头(只)为试验动物,进行了尿素糖浆营养舔砖补饲试验。试验期两个月,结果表明,牦牛、藏羊增重效果明显,取得较高的经济效益。补饲营养舔砖的牦牛,试验组比对照组平均日增重提高0.21kg(P<0.01),平均每头每日多获净收益0.68元;藏羊试验组比对照组平均日增重提高0.14kg(P<0.01),平均每只每日多获净收益0.52元。     

不同营养水平补饲对羔羊生产性能的影响

为研究不同营养的补饲水平对羔羊生产性能的影响,选用40只3～4月龄的湘东黑山羊羔羊,按完全随机单因子设计,设4个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头湘东黑山羊。3个补饲试验组饲粮的精粗比分别按30∶70,40∶60,50∶50确定。结果表明,试验1、2、3组平均日增重与对照组差异均为极显著(P<0.01),试验3组与试验1组差异显著(P<0.05)。补饲以精粗料比30∶70为好。     

稀土对湘东黑山羊育肥的影响

试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组湘东黑山羊分别用添加 15mg/kg体重、10mg/kg体重的稀土日粮 ,试验Ⅲ组为对照组 (不添加稀土 )进行育肥试验。对试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的日增重、料重比与试验Ⅲ组进行F检验 ,组间差异显著 (P〈0 .0 5 )。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的经济效益分别比对照Ⅲ组提高 12 .93%和 8.14 %,且试验Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组 4.79%。结果表明 :日粮中以每千克体重添加 15mg的稀土对湘东黑山羊育肥效果为佳。     

尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖补饲牦牛效果的研究

分别在天祝县和碌曲县选用９０头天祝白牦牛和６０头甘南牦牛进行了冷季放牧牦牛尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖的补饲试验，尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖含尿素１０％，糖蜜１０％，采食量为０．５ｋｇ／（ｄ·头）。经５个月补饲后，天祝白牦牛和甘南牦牛的活重损失分别减少８０．３％和４６．８％，产奶量分别提高２０％和１３．６％，怀孕率分别提高１７．４和２０．０个百分点，投入产出比分别达到１∶３．５０和１∶２．１１。处理组与对照组之间存在极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），证明尿素糖蜜多营养舔砖是实施高寒牧区放牧牦牛冷季补饲的一条新的有效途径     

Effect of Supplementation of a Basal Diet of Maize Stover with Erythrina variegata,Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala on Feed Intake and Digestibility by Goats

Two 4 x 4 Latin square design experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, four mature Anglo-Nubian x Fiji local goats, pre-experimental body weight 25.0 +/- 0.6 kg, 22-24 months old, were used to study the effect of supplementation of a basal diet of maize stover with Erythrina variegata (EV), Gliricidia sepium (GS) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) on dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility. Maize stover treated with urea was used as a control diet. E. variegata was higher in crude protein content than LL or GS. The DMI of the urea treated stover diet was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the diets of untreated stover supplemented with forage legumes. The DMI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the GS diet than in the EV or LL diets. Significant (p < 0.05) differences existed between the urea-treated stover and the diets of stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), organic matter (OM) and energy. In experiment 2, four mature goats, pre-experimental body weight 27.0 +/- 0.3 kg, 24-28 months old, were used to measure their response when the urea-treated maize stover and the maize stover and forage legume diets were sprayed with molasses. The intake of the urea-treated stover diet sprayed with molasses was significantly lower (p < 0.05) that that of the maize stover/forage legume diets sprayed with molasses. The DMI of the diets improved with the addition of molasses. The DMI among the goats offered the maize stover/forage legume diets + molasses did not differ significantly. (p > 0.05). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were obtained in this second study between the urea-treated stover and the stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, OM and energy. The stover supplemented with forage legumes had a higher (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility. The present studies demonstrated that the use of forage legumes as protein supplements improved the feed quality of maize stover in the diets of mature goats. It is suggested that molasses should be sprayed on fresh leaves of Gliricicia sepium and other forage legumes that are initially rejected, in order to improve acceptance and DMI when fed to ruminant animals in confinement or in a cut-and-carry system of production.     

Effects of different supplemental soya bean oil levels on the performance of prepubertal Saanen goats: Oestrogen and progesterone release

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of soya bean oil in the total diet on the growth rate, metabolic changes, and oestrogen and progesterone release in Saanen goats. After dietary adaptation, 21 prepubertal goats (weight of 29.12 ± 0.91 kg, 230 days old) were randomly distributed among three diets of D2: inclusion of 2% soya bean oil in the total diet; D3: basal diet – inclusion of 3% soya bean oil in the total diet; and D4: inclusion of 4% soya bean oil in the total diet. The basal diet (D3) was formulated to promote a daily gain of 0.140 kg. The goats were weighed, and their blood samples were collected weekly. Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea, non‐esterified fatty acids, beta‐hydroxybutyrate, oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma were measured. Prepubertal goats that were fed D4 exhibited a significantly lower dry matter intake, urea and cholesterol levels compared with the goats that were fed D2 and D3. Indeed, goats that were fed D4 displayed a significantly lower final weight than goats that were fed D2 and D3. In contrast, the inclusion of soya bean oil in the diet increased the progesterone and oestrogen concentrations, and goats that were fed D4 released a significantly higher concentration of progesterone than those that were fed D2 and D3. Furthermore, the percentage of goats with a progesterone level greater than 1 ng/ml (functional Corpus luteum) was significantly higher among the goats that were fed D3 and D4 than among those that were fed D2. In this study, although the inclusion of 4% soya bean oil in the diet decreased dry matter intake and growth rate, it increased progesterone concentration and the percentage of goats with a functional Corpus luteum, suggesting that the inclusion of soya bean oil accelerated puberty in prepubertal goats.     

中药复方制剂“促免增重颗粒”对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨中药复方制剂促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响。选择6-12月龄云岭黑山羊40只,按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,促免增重颗粒组、四君子散组、强壮散组分别在精料中添加促免增重颗粒、四君子散和强壮散,预饲期为7 d,正试期为60 d。在正试期第0、30和60天采样,检测血液学和血液生化指标。结果显示,促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标有一定影响,表明促免增重颗粒有提高免疫功能的作用。     

Assessment of Molasses–Urea Blocks for Goat and Sheep Production in the Sultanate of Oman: Intake and Growth Studies

The goal of this study was to develop a molasses–urea block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and wheat bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. Wheat straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened extremely slowly. Wheat bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, wheat bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2–3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. Sheep and goats consumed both the straw- and wheat bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by sheep ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser wheat bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8–20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by goats was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of wheat bran-based blocks (16–24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by sheep, a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% urea, 5% trace minerals, 2.5% NaCl, 22.5% wheat bran and 15% cement. Sheep consuming this block gained more weight than sheep fed a conventional mineral block or sheep receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.     

日粮中添加乡土草对獭兔健康、屠宰性能和消化系统的影响

为研究不同比例乡土草日粮对獭兔免疫指标、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、屠宰性能、消化器官发育指标的影响,从而探讨獭兔日粮中乡土草的适宜替代比例。试验选用健康无病、精神状态良好的110日龄试验兔30只(公母各半),按性别随机分为3组,每组10只。试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮(对照组),试验Ⅱ组饲喂15%乡土草草粉+85%基础日粮,试验Ⅲ组饲喂30%乡土草草粉+70%基础日粮。预试期7d,正试期30d。结果表明,试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)含量均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05)。试验Ⅲ组活重、胴体重分别显著高于试验Ⅰ组11.5%、13.1%(P0.05)。3个试验组獭兔AKP活性随着日粮乡土草含量的升高而降低(P0.05)。3个试验组均未出现腹泻、死亡现象。试验Ⅲ组十二指肠比重、空肠比重分别显著高于试验Ⅰ组16.2%、39.2%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组盲肠比重低于试验Ⅰ组26.7%(P0.05);其余消化器官发育指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,獭兔自由采食30%乡土草草粉有利于体质健康和提高屠宰性能,乡土草可以用作獭兔的基础日粮原料使用。     

大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选择14头健康、体重[(450±20)kg]相近、2岁左右阉割湘中黑牛,随机分成2组,每组7头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg大豆素。试验期为120 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆素对宰前活重、热胴体重、屠宰率无显著影响(P0.05),胴体的脂肪含量、背膘厚有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);2)添加大豆素显著提高了背最长肌的粗脂肪含量及大理石花纹评分(P0.05),分别提高了8.34%、1.93分,并显著降低了排酸24 h肌肉的p H和水分含量(P0.05),显著增加了肌肉的红度值(P0.05);3)添加大豆素显著降低了血清中葡萄糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度(P0.05);4)添加大豆素分别显著提高和降低了背最长肌的异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加大豆素能够影响育肥牛的脂类代谢,促进肌肉脂肪沉积,改善牛肉的大理石花纹和品质。     

全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响

本试验旨在研究全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官指数的影响。试验依据日粮不同分为两个组，试验组为65%精补料+35%全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料，对照组为65%精补料+35%全株玉米青贮料。采用随机区组设计，选取18只体重为（15.53±2.22） kg的浏阳黑山羊，根据性别相同及体重相近原则首先组成9对，再随机分入两组，每组3个重复，每个重复2雌1雄共3只羊。预试期10 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：试验组肌肉失水率、肌纤维面积、脾脏指数显著低于对照组（P<0.05），其中失水率降低18.27%、肌纤维面积降低11.24%、脾脏指数降低27.78%；试验组肌肉pH_24h、熟肉率、肌纤维密度显著高于对照组（P<0.05），其中肌肉pH_24h高10.53%、熟肉率高5.29%、肌纤维密度高9.28%；其余指标，包括宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、GR值、pH_45min、亮度、红度、黄度、剪切力、肌纤维直径、心脏指数、肝脏指数、肺脏指数和肾脏指数，差异不显著。由此可见，相对全株玉米青贮料而言，饲喂全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊屠宰性能无不良影响，而且羊的肉品质更好；至于引起脾脏指数降低，其原因尚待探究。     

Effect of inclusion of HMBi in the ration of goats on feed intake,nutrient digestibility,rumen bacteria community and blood serum parameters

The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of supplementation of analogues of methionine 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid isopropyl ester (HMBi) on growth, digestibility, antioxidant index, abundance and composition of rumen bacterial community in Xiangdong Black Goats. Thirty-six growing Xiangdong Black Goats were divided into four groups in such a way that each group had three replicate and each replicate had three animals. Experimental groups were assigned four levels of HMBi in basal diet: 0% HMBi (on dietary DM basis); 0.05% HMBi; 0.10% HMBi and 0.20% HMBi. Goats fed 0.10% HMBi in basal diet had higher average daily weight gain (p < .05). Goats fed 0.05% HMBi had higher apparent digestibility of gross energy (p < .01). The group 0% HMBi supplementation had a higher level of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (p < .01). The goats fed 0.20% HMBi in basal diet had a higher level of insulin and leptin (p < .01) than 0% HMBi supplementation goats. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed similarities in the community composition, species diversity and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels among the four groups. In conclusion, HMBi supplementation has no negative effect on apparent digestibility, antioxidant index and the ruminal bacteria composition. Therefore, 0.10% supplementation of HMBi is recommended in the diet of goats to improve the growth performance.     

苜蓿草粉对波尔山羊生长性能的影响及经济效益分析

本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉对波尔山羊生长性能的影响及经济效益分析。选取体重在24~28kg的波尔山羊母羊75只,采用完全随机化区组设计分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组在基础饲粮的基础上分别用10%、20%、30%、40%的苜蓿草粉等量替代花生秧。预试期为7d,正试期为60d。结果发现,5组平均日采食量无显著性差异(P0.05),但随着苜蓿草粉替代量的增加,平均日采食量有逐渐降低的趋势;试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组平均日增重显著高于其他3组,随着苜蓿草粉替代量的增加,平均日增重则表现出升高的趋势;4个试验组的料重比均低于对照组,其中试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组显著低于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅳ组最低,为6.53。结果提示,波尔山羊饲粮中用苜蓿草粉替代花生秧可以提高平均日增重、降低料重比,苜蓿草粉替代量为40%时波尔山羊生长性能表现较好,但饲料成本增加。