埃谱利诺菌素注射剂对藏羊线虫与寄生期幼虫的驱虫效果

应用埃谱利诺菌素注射剂,选择自然感染线虫的1岁藏系绵羊150只,分别按0.1、0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量皮下注射给药,驱除藏羊线虫,同时设伊维菌素注射剂药物对照组和阳性对照组。结果显示:①埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量对藏羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为93.3%和100.0%,减少率分别为99.18%和100.0%;对网尾线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均达100.0%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为90.0%、100.0%,减少率分别为95.79%和100.0%;对线虫成虫的总计驱虫率分别为98.83%和99.96%,对线虫寄生阶段幼虫的总计驱虫率分别为96.42%和99.17%。②0.1 mg/kg剂量对线虫虫卵(幼虫)的转阴率、减少率、驱虫率均次于0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量组。③对照药物伊维菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg体重剂量对消化道线虫、原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率、对线虫成虫及其寄生阶段幼虫的总计驱虫率与同剂量埃谱利诺菌素注射剂基本一致。④藏羊皮下注射试验剂量未出现任何异常反应。试验证明埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg体重剂量驱除线虫高效安全。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除绵羊寄生虫的扩大试验

应用伊维菌素干混悬剂,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外寄生虫。结果:0.2mg/kg体重剂量对消化道主要线虫及网尾线虫的虫卵(幼虫)转阴率、减少率均为100%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为91.3%、91.8%,对线虫的总计驱虫率98.9%:对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率为100%。结果证明:伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2mg/kg剂量一次用药,驱除绵羊主要线虫和虱等寄生虫,高效安全。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对绵羊线虫的驱虫效力与安全性试验

应用0.5%伊维菌素浇泼剂按0.3,0.4,0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对绵羊沿背中线皮肤一次浇泼给药,并以伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量做对照。结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂0.3mg/kg,0.4mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为85%和90%,减少率分别为89.1%和95.9%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为60%和75%,减少率分别为77.2%和86.7%;0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率均为100%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率为85%,减少率为95.4%。解剖检查结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂三种剂量对绵羊消化道、呼吸道多属线虫均有效,总计驱虫率分别为90.8%,95.6%和99.7%,伊维菌素浇泼剂0.5mg/kg.b w剂量与伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量驱虫效果基本一致;绵羊经皮给药可耐受1.0mg/kg.b w剂量。试验证明:伊维菌素浇泼剂经皮给药驱除绵羊线虫高效安全,临床推荐剂量以0.5mg/kg.b w为宜。     

伊维菌素注射剂对绵羊羊狂蝇蛆的驱除效果研究

应用伊维菌素注射剂,选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆的绵羊80只,分别按0.1、0.2和0.3 mg/kg体重皮下注射,进行驱除效果观察,同时设阳性对照组。结果表明,伊维菌素注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg剂量组对羊狂蝇蛆的驱净率和驱虫率均达100%;0.1 mg/kg剂量组的驱净率为90.0%、驱虫率为97.7%。试验结果证明伊维菌素注射剂3个试验剂量驱除羊狂蝇蛆均高效安全,且使用0.2 mg/kg剂量可达100%的驱除效果。     

埃谱利诺菌素浇泼剂对绵羊消化道线虫的驱虫效果评价5-6

为评价埃谱利诺菌素浇泼剂对绵羊消化道线虫驱虫效力,选择1.5岁自然感染消化道线虫的绵羊100只,随机分为5组,每组20只,1～3组为埃谱利诺菌素浇泼剂0.4、0.5和0.6mg/kg.b w组,沿背部皮肤中线浇注给药,4组为埃谱利诺菌素注射剂药物对照组,按0.2mg/kg剂量颈部皮下注射,5组为阳性对照组,不给药;采用粪便虫卵检查法评价驱虫效果。结果:给药后7、14d检查,0.5mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为90.0%、95.0%,减少率分别为97.0%和99.3%; 0.6mg/kg剂量给药后7、14d检查,对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100.0%; 0.4mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵的转阴率、减少率均低于0.5、0.6mg/kg剂量组。对照药物埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg剂量组对消化道线虫的驱虫效果略高于埃谱利诺菌素浇泼剂0.5mg/kg剂量组;埃谱利诺菌浇泼剂3个剂量组试验绵羊未见异常反应。试验证明埃谱利诺菌浇泼剂0.4、0.5、0.6mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊消化道线虫安全有效,其中0.5、0.6mg/kg剂量高效安全低残留,推荐剂量以0.5mg/kg为宜。     

牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术研究(上)

本研究评价了埃普利诺菌素注射剂、浇泼剂对牦牛主要寄生虫病的驱虫疗效,为建立牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术提供依据。选用自然感染线虫、牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的牦牛,采用粪检法和剖检法进行驱虫疗效试验。结果:埃普利诺菌素注射剂0. 1,0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为85. 0%,95. 0%和100. 0%,减少率分别为91. 9%,98. 4%和100. 0%。0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组对牦牛网尾线虫L1转阴率和减少率均达100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组L1转阴率和减少率分别为90. 0%和95. 2%。0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组原圆线虫L1转阴率分别为93. 3%,100. 0%,减少率分别为98. 3%,100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组L1转阴率和减少率分别为80. 0%,88. 5%。3个试验组对线虫成虫的总计驱虫率分别为90. 5%,97. 2%和99. 5%。埃普利诺菌素注射剂0. 3mg/kg剂量组给药后3d牛颚虱大部分死亡干瘪,第7d全部死亡干瘪,驱虫率均达100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组低剂量组的杀虫效果次于上述剂量。0. 2mg/kg剂量组与IVM注射剂0. 2mg/kg体重剂量组驱虫效果无显著差异。3个剂量组对牦牛皮蝇蛆的驱净率、驱虫率均达100. 0%;埃普利诺菌素浇泼剂0. 4mg/kg剂量组对牦牛消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为95. 0%和96. 4%～98. 3%。对牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的驱杀效率均为100%。0. 5mg/kg剂量组对牦牛消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100. 0%,对牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的杀虫效果均达100%,对牛颚虱与牦牛体内消化道线虫持效期至少为28d。研究结果表明,埃普利诺菌素注射剂、浇泼剂对牦牛线虫病、牛颚虱与牛皮蝇蛆病等主要寄生虫病的驱虫疗效高,有很好的控制效果。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对肃南牦牛胃肠道线虫的驱除效果试验

在肃南县大河乡大岔村选择自然感染胃肠道线虫的1~2岁牦牛75头,随机分为5组,每组15头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别为伊维菌素浇泼剂试验组,分别按0.3、0.4、0.5mg/kg体重剂量经背部皮肤浇泼给药;Ⅳ组为伊维菌素注射剂对照组,按0.2mg/kg体重剂量皮下注射给药;Ⅴ组为空白对照组。另随机挑选牦牛10头供安全性观察,随机分为2组,每组5头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别为伊维菌素浇泼剂0.7、1.0mg/kg体重剂量试验组,经背部皮肤浇泼给药。通过对虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率、粗计驱虫率、安全性观测的分析,结果表明:以0.5mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂对牦牛胃肠道线虫驱治效果最好,其虫卵转阴率、减少率和驱虫率分别达到100%、100%和99.25%,对毛首线虫驱虫率为96.00%,0.3、0.4mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂的驱虫效果均低于0.5mg/kg体重剂量组,且呈现驱虫效果随着药物剂量的增加而提高。同时,本次试验使用1mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂,所用试验牦牛给药后精神、呼吸、采食、排粪、运动等情况未见异常反应,表明本品毒性较低,临床使用安全高效。     

伊维菌素泼背剂对牦牛寄生虫的驱除效果试验

为选择适应于高寒牧区放牧牦牛大群驱除体内外寄生虫的理想荆型,在青海大通种牛场通过粪检选60头牦牛,随机分为3组,每组20头,试验1组用伊维菌素泼背荆接0.5 mg/kg体重剂量经背部皮肤浇泼给药,试验2组用伊维菌素注射剂按0.2 mg/kg体重剂量经皮下注射给药,试验3组为空白对照组.分析了三组不同寄生虫卵转率、虫卵减少率及驱虫率指标的变化,同时对药物的安全性进行了观察.结果试验1组消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为90%和99.1%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为80%和92.8%;线虫成虫、寄生阶段幼虫的总计驱虫率分别为99.3%和98.8%;试验2组相应指标分别为90%和98.7%、80%和92.9%、99.4%和99.2%;1.2组对牛颚虱杀虫率均达100%,但对莫尼茨绦虫无效,对照组体内外寄生虫均无明显变化.表明伊维菌素泼背剂0.5 mg/kg剂量安全,驱虫效果可信,可在青海高寒地区牦牛体内外寄生虫驱虫工作中推广应用.     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆的驱杀效果试验

选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆绵羊131只,分别按体重0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg剂量口服伊维菌素干混悬剂,进行驱除效果观察,同时设空白对照组。结果表明,口服伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2,0.3mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率和驱虫率均达100%。口服0.1mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率93.9%、驱虫率98.6%。试验证明伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆驱虫效果明显,临床使用0.2mg/kg体重剂量高效安全。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对牦牛胃肠道线虫的驱除效果

在甘肃省肃南县大河乡大岔村选择自然感染胃肠道线虫的1-2岁牦牛75头,随机分为5组,每组15头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别为伊维菌素浇泼剂试验组,分别按0.3、0.4、0.5 mg/kg体重剂量经背部皮肤浇泼给药;Ⅳ组为伊维菌素注射剂对照组,按0.2 mg/kg体重剂量皮下注射给药;Ⅴ组为空白对照组。另随机挑选牦牛10头供安全性观察,随机分为2组,每组5头,分别为伊维菌素浇泼剂0.7 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg体重剂量试验组,经背部皮肤浇泼给药。结果表明：以0.5 mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂对牦牛胃肠道线虫驱治效果最好,其虫卵转阴率、减少率和驱虫率分别达100%、100%和99.25%,对毛首线虫驱虫率为96.00%;0.3 mg/kg和0.4 mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂的驱虫效果均低于0.5 mg/kg体重剂量组,且呈现驱虫效果随着药物剂量的增加而提高。同时,试验使用1.0 mg/kg体重剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂,所用试验牦牛给药后精神、呼吸、采食、排粪、运动等情况未见异常反应,表明本品毒性较低,临床使用安全高效。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.