猪伪狂犬gE抗体ELISA检测在净化中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒所引起的多种动物急性、热性传染病。临床上多以发热和神经症状为特征，主要引起种猪不育，妊娠母猪发生流产、产死胎和木乃伊胎，新生仔猪和断奶仔猪死亡，育肥猪生长缓慢等，在临床上难以区分于慢性猪瘟和猪蓝耳病等等，给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。该病病毒为疱疹病毒科病毒，具有高度的潜伏性感染，这种潜伏感染随时都有可能被体内外和环境变化的应激因素刺激而引起疫病爆发，     

基因缺失鉴别ELISA试验在种猪场控制与净化猪伪狂犬病的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒（PRV）引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病，以发热、奇痒及脑脊髓炎为主要症状。该病毒可引起各种家畜及野生动物发病，猪是该病原的传播者和自然宿主，临床表现为母猪流产、死产、产弱仔猪等繁殖障碍症状，新生仔猪发热、出现神经症状、死亡率较高。近年来，随着猪伪狂犬病疫苗特别是基因缺失疫苗的使用，猪伪狂犬病的发病率与死亡率大大减少，但目前该病仍然是威胁广西壮族自治区养猪业发展的重要疫病。2005～2006年我们应用gpI基因缺失鉴别ELISA试验对广西4个种猪场进行了猪伪狂犬病的检测，并清除带毒猪，做了控制与净化猪伪狂犬病的试验，达到了预期的净化效果。现报告如下。     

一例仔猪伪狂犬病的诊疗及防控措施

猪伪狂犬病可致仔猪呼吸道和神经症状，且仔猪日龄越小感染该病时症状越严重、治愈率越低、病死率越高，严重制约养猪业的发展。以前人研究为基础，笔者总结实际经验，以一例仔猪伪狂犬病为例，介绍伪猪狂犬病的临床症状、剖检症状、诊断方法、治疗和防治措施等，旨在为临床实践提供指导，同时也为猪场工作人员防治该病提供依据。     

温州市规模猪场猪伪狂犬病的血清学检测

猪伪狂犬病（PR）是由猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）引起的一种急性传染病，通常可引起母猪流产，死胎，新生仔猪死亡，断奶前后仔猪出现神经症状，大批死亡等症状，仔猪感染率和死亡率可高达100％，成年猪感染耐过后，呈隐性感染，造成长期带毒和排毒，成为危险的传染源，严重影响种猪场生产及良种推广。为了解温州市规模猪场猪伪狂犬病的感染和流行情况，指导养猪场做好伪狂犬病的防疫工作，笔者采用ELISA方法对全市猪伪狂犬病情况进行了血清学检测，现将结果报告如下。     

猪伪狂犬病的临床诊治经验介绍

猪伪狂犬病是伪狂犬病毒引起猪的一种急性传染病.该病对猪危害较大,成年猪多不表现临床症状,妊娠母猪可表现为流产、死胎和木乃伊胎;初生仔猪具有明显的感染症状且发病死亡率很高.近两年来我市猪伪狂犬病呈逐年上升趋势.在此浅谈一下本人诊治该病的一些经验供业者参考.     

猪伪狂犬病的流行特点及防控措施

<正>伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的多种动物的急性传染病。易感动物感染该病后具有发热、奇痒及脑脊髓炎等典型症状,均为致死性感染。猪感染该病后一般不表现上述症状,主要临床特征为体温升高,新生仔猪主要表现神经症状,还可侵害消化系统。成年猪常为隐性感染,妊娠母猪感染后可引起流产、死胎及呼吸道系统症状。公猪表现为繁殖障碍和呼吸系统症状。1病原特征伪狂犬病病毒是一种引起多种动物以发热、奇痒及脑脊髓炎为主要症状的疱疹病毒,该病毒只有一个血清     

猪伪狂犬病的诊治报告

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的一种急性传染病，以母猪的流产、死胎和仔猪的神经症状为主要特征。该病在我国各地都有发生，近年来发病出现增多的趋势，对养猪业的危害日益加重，应引起广大养殖户的足够重视。     

猪伪狂犬病的防制措施

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的猪的一种急性传染病。该病在成年猪呈隐性感染；妊娠母猪则发生繁殖障碍，表现为流产、产死胎或木乃伊胎，产弱仔；哺乳猪出现发热、脑脊髓炎和败血症症状，最后发生死亡。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断及防治

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的急性传染病，其特征是哺乳仔猪发热，出现神经症状，病死率高。妊娠母猪流产，病猪无明显皮肤瘙痒症状。该病严重影响养猪业的经济效益，给养殖户带来较大的损失，应科学制定防控措施，确保养猪业健康稳定的发展。     

一例猪伪狂犬病的诊治

伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物的一种急性传染病。除猪以外的其他动物发病后通常具有发热、奇痒及脑脊髓炎等典型症状,均为致死性感染,但呈散发形式。猪是伪狂犬病病毒的自然宿主和贮存者,仔猪一旦感染该病,死亡率高达100%,成年母猪和公猪多表现为繁殖障碍以及呼吸道症状。本病广泛分布于世界各地,在我国该病也广泛存在并严重发病,尤其是猪的伪狂犬病,给我国养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.