预冷对黄冠梨贮藏品质和果皮褐变的影响

研究了贮前预冷对不套袋和套袋（外灰内黑、外黄内白双层纸袋）黄冠梨贮藏品质和果皮褐变的影响,结果表明：套袋黄冠梨果皮褐变明显重于不套袋果实,并以套外黄内白袋的果实褐变严重。预冷对黄冠梨可溶性固形物（TSS）没有显著影响,但加快硬度下降,在一定程度上延缓了可滴定酸含量下降,并减轻果皮褐变的发生率,特别是对减轻套外黄内白袋果褐变效果非常明显。相关分析表明,预冷主要通过影响不套袋果实果皮酚含量,套外灰内黑袋果实果皮POD活性和套外黄内白袋果实果皮PPO活性来调控果皮褐变的。     

套袋对鸭梨采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

以鸭梨为试材,研究了田间套袋对常温(25±2)℃下鸭梨果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率以及果实低温(0±0.5)℃贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,套袋并未推迟或提前常温下鸭梨果实的呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰,但套袋鸭梨的呼吸高峰低于未套袋鸭梨,而乙烯释放高峰无明显差别。采摘时,套袋鸭梨较未套袋鸭梨果实硬度大、可滴定酸含量高,VC含量低;随着贮藏时间的延长,套袋和未套袋鸭梨果实硬度均有所下降,但套袋鸭梨果实硬度下降更为迅速;可溶性固形物含量(SSC)在贮藏过程中整体上升,贮藏后期(210 d)套袋鸭梨果实SSC显著高于未套袋果实(P0.05),而之前两者无显著差异;套袋鸭梨果实TA含量较未套袋鸭梨下降更为迅速;贮藏初期套装鸭梨果实VC含量较低,但在贮藏后期这种差别已不明显;套袋鸭梨果心褐变指数较低,未套袋鸭梨果心总酚含量高且下降更为迅速,其PPO活性显著高于套袋鸭梨(P0.05),相关性分析表明鸭梨果心褐变指数与PPO活性呈极显著正相关(P0.01),说明套袋处理对抑制鸭梨贮藏期间果心褐变具有显著效果。     

套袋对‘栖霞大香水’梨果实香气组分的影响

为了明确套袋对‘栖霞大香水’梨果实香气的影响,以套双层袋‘栖霞大香水’梨为试材,不套袋果实为对照,采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,测定了‘栖霞大香水’梨果实香气组成和含量。结果表明：套袋‘栖霞大香水’梨和对照不套袋果实香气物质种类和含量存在显著差异,套袋‘栖霞大香水’梨检测到3类34种芳香物质,香气物质总量为2671.53 ng/g;不套袋果实检测到3类42种芳香物质,香气物质总含量为10040.14 ng/g。套袋导致‘栖霞大香水’梨果实香气种类和含量显著降低。     

翠冠梨酶促褐变及其生化机制的研究

以翠冠梨为试材,对其贮藏过程中酶促褐变进行了研究。结果表明,翠冠梨在贮藏期间先进行酚类物质合成,后发生降解, 多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性呈先升后降趋势,酚类物质的减少和褐变同时发生,PPO促进酚类物质氧化,结果导致褐变。低温贮藏(0℃)能延缓果实衰老软化褐变。     

翠冠梨酶促褐变及其生化机制研究

以翠冠梨为试材 ,对其贮藏过程中酶促褐变进行了研究。结果表明 ,翠冠梨在贮藏期间先进行酚类物质合成 ,后发生降解 ,多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性呈先升后降趋势 ,酚类物质的减少和褐变同时发生 ,PPO促进酚类物质氧化 ,结果导致褐变。低温贮藏 (0℃ )能延缓果实衰老软化褐变。     

不同梨果实褐变特异性分析

以黄金梨、大香水、新梨七号为试材,研究了贮藏后梨褐变不同部位酚类物质含量和种类、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性及可溶性蛋白的关系。结果表明,梨果实中的酚类物质以绿原酸为主,果实褐变与酚类物质含量和多酚氧化酶活性,特别是二者在果实中不同部位的分布特性有关。黄金梨果心与其他部位比较具有较高的酚类物质含量和PPO活性。由果皮至果心CAT活性依次降低,而果皮中POD活性极大地高于其他部位。SOD的活性与褐变的直接关系不明显。     

传统套袋工艺对砂梨果实品质的影响

为评价传统砂梨果实套袋工艺的效果,以现代套袋技术为对照,研究箬叶袋对翠冠、雪青、圆黄和蒲瓜梨果实外观和内在品质的影响。结果表明：4个砂梨品种箬叶袋套袋后果实呈黄褐色,果面覆盖较多的褐色锈斑,严重影响翠冠、雪青和圆黄等现代砂梨品种的果实外观品质和商品性,但改善了蒲瓜梨的外观品质。与现代套袋技术相比,箬叶袋套袋有利于圆黄和雪青果实内在品质的提高,却降低了翠冠和蒲瓜梨的内在品质。总体而言,箬叶袋套袋只能满足单纯的虫害防治,缺乏现代套袋技术对提高果实外观品质的功能需要,因此不适宜于现代砂梨品种的生产。     

大棚和套袋栽培对翠冠梨果实品质和营养成分的影响

通过对翠冠梨不同栽培模式的处理,研究大棚和套袋栽培以及套袋果实除袋后对梨果实果皮色素、品质及主要营养成分的影响。结果表明：大棚和套袋栽培都降低了果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量;大棚栽培增加了果实中果糖、淀粉、纤维素、维生素C、蛋白质、Fe等营养成分的含量,对果实品质和营养价值均有一定的提升作用;套袋栽培使果实单果重减小,营养成分也有所下降的趋势;套袋果实除袋后果皮色素和果锈明显增加,果实硬度显著减少,果实商品性大幅下降,没有应用价值。     

没食子酸丙酯对新高梨软化和褐变的影响

通过对没用食子酸丙酯处理的新高梨冷藏期间果胶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性、总酚和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性变化规律的分析,研究了没食子酸丙酯处理对新高梨果实软化与褐变的影响。结果表明,没食子酸丙酯减缓了新高梨的可溶性果胶含量的上升,抑制了PG酶活;没食子酸丙酯能减缓新高梨总酚含量的下降,抑制PPO活性;在贮藏过程中,PG酶的最大酶活出现时间总是要比PPO的要早。可以推断,在整个采后贮藏过程中,先是果实的软化衰老导致细胞组织的崩溃,进而产生大量氧自由基,使底物、氧和PPO充分的接触,进而加剧了果实的褐变。     

采收期和贮藏温度对上饶早梨保鲜效果的影响

以"天桂梨"为试材,研究不同采收期和采后贮藏温度对上饶早梨保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,上饶早梨适宜的采收期为盛花期后102 d,采后适宜的贮藏温度为2℃,该条件可有效延缓上饶早梨果实贮藏期间硬度的下降,降低果实的呼吸强度和VC损失,延缓货架期果实的褐变和腐烂,提高食用品质。     

不同采收期鸭梨果皮脂氧合酶同工酶的变化及其与果实褐变关系的研究

以鸭梨为试材,采用非变性PAGE研究了急速降温和缓慢降温处理对不同采收成熟度(早采、中采、晚采)的鸭梨贮藏期间果皮脂氧合酶(LOX)同工酶的变化及其与果实褐变的关系。结果表明,采后鸭梨果皮中的LOX同工酶有9条酶带,其中有三条主酶带B、F和H;不同采收成熟度和不同降温方法处理的鸭梨果皮的LOX同工酶带有所差异,其表达量的顺序为:晚采果早采果中采果,急速降温果缓慢降温果。这一结果与果实褐变指数晚采果早采果中采果、急速降温果缓慢降温果的趋势一致,说明采后鸭梨果皮LOX同工酶的表达量与鸭梨果实的褐变关系密切。鸭梨于9月中旬采收结合缓慢降温贮藏,可减少采后果实的褐变,保持良好的品质,延长贮藏期。     

套袋对丰水梨果实品质影响的比较研究

选用14种不同类型果袋对丰水梨进行套袋比较试验,研究表明套袋后丰水梨果皮颜色、光洁度和果点数量、大小均有不同程度的改善,但套袋果的平均单果重和可食部分均降低。套袋后,丰水梨果实可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量显著降低,可滴定酸含量基本保持不变,但是还原性Vc含量和果实硬度显著增加。综合比较认为双层袋L2-3为丰水梨果实套袋的最佳选择。     

不同薄膜包装对华山梨冷藏和模拟货架期贮藏效果的影响

以华山梨为试验材料,研究了普通PE膜(ck)、CO2高渗出保鲜膜(PEⅠ)和微孔保鲜膜(PEⅡ)包装对冷藏和模拟货架期贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:华山梨对CO2敏感,高于1%的CO2会加重果心褐变;普通PE膜包装果实的硬度和TSS含量明显较低,果心和果柄褐变程度较高,果皮褐变较严重,不利于华山梨品质和商品性的保持;CO2高渗出保鲜膜(PEⅠ)和微孔保鲜膜(PEⅡ)包装由于对气体具有一定的通透性,果实果心和果柄褐变程度较轻,两种处理保鲜效果相近,适宜华山梨的贮藏保鲜。     

丰水梨果实采后生理生化变化的研究

研究了20℃、相对湿度80％～85％条件下丰水梨果实采后软化与褐变的生理生化变化规律。结果表明,丰水梨具有呼吸和乙烯跃变期,跃变期过后果肉硬度下降幅度较小．但果实风味急剧下降。跃变前期果肉快速软化是由乙烯和淀粉酶共同参与,之后果肉软化是由PG和纤维素酶共同作用的结果。果实不同部位褐变度、酚类物质、类黄酮及丙二醛含量均为果皮〉果心〉果肉．PPO活性依次为果心〉果皮〉果肉,果皮相对电导率低于果肉和果心。影响丰水梨贮藏品质的关键因素是果肉软化和风味劣变．而不是褐变。     

园黄梨气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对园黄梨贮藏效果的影响。结果表明，气调贮藏可抑制梨果实呼吸作用，减少果实消耗，保持硬度，并有利于提高果实品质。适宜的气体组合可延缓果实衰老，防止果实褐变且延长贮藏期。5％O2＋0％～1％CO2是长期贮藏园黄梨的理想气体指标。     

Browning disorders in pear fruit

Disorders occurring during long-term storage of pears can cause economic loss, especially when disordered fruit cannot be distinguished externally from sound fruit. A typical category of disorders in pear fruit is related to internal browning of the flesh and the presence of cavities. In this review, information which appeared in the literature in the last decade has been integrated into a generic model for the development of storage-related browning disorders in pear. In this model it is assumed that browning disorders are caused by an imbalance between oxidative and reductive processes due to metabolic gas gradients inside the fruit, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The latter may induce loss of membrane integrity which becomes macroscopically visible through the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds to brown coloured polymers. The development of disorders during postharvest ripening and storage of fruit also depends on a range of preharvest factors such as climate conditions and crop load. Methods to evaluate the incidence of browning disorders nondestructively have been reviewed.     

Maturity and cooling rate affects browning,polyphenol oxidase activity and gene expression of ‘Yali’ pears during storage

Browning is the main physiological disorder of ‘Yali’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) during storage. In this study, the relationships between browning development in fruit from different harvest dates, and cooled either rapidly or slowly, with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and isozymes, and PPO gene expression has been investigated. Development of browning was highest in late-harvest fruit in both core and flesh tissues and was higher in rapidly cooled than slowly cooled fruit. Mid-harvest fruit had the lowest browning incidence and PPO activity of core tissue was higher than in flesh and seeds, while the peak of PPO activity in mid-harvest fruit was the lowest. Six PPO isoenzymes were detected in fruit, three bands A, B and E in flesh and core tissues, three bands C, D and F in the seeds. The intensity of PPO isoenzyme staining of bands A and B in pulp and core was similar to that of PPO activity and browning incidence. PPO gene expression increased and then decreased in core tissues. Trends of expression were similar to those of PPO activity. Rapid cooling promoted the expression PPO. The results suggest PPO plays an important role in ‘Yali’ pear browning during storage.