大连近海皱纹盘鲍的放流增殖效果

在试验海区放流壳长１．０￣３．７ｃｍ、平均１．９３ｃｍ的皱纹盘鲍种苗３３．１８万个，放流３年后进行回捕，以人工配合饲料饲育的鲍苗特有的翠绿色壳为标志与天然鲍相区分，用随机取样法抽样统计，３次调查的平均结果为放流后３年的推算回捕率达３１．６％，壳长平均年增长１．９±０．６ｃｍ。     

虾夷扇贝地播增殖的试验

本文叙述了虾夷扇贝生长、成活率率同地播底质、密度、水深等有着密切的关系。地播度质；浅水区以沙泥底为宜；深水区以沙底和水砾底为宜，地质密度为８枚／ｍ＾２，地播规格为２．５ｃｍ－３．０ｃｍ。地播时间为每年１１月中下旬。     

盐度对九孔鲍摄食_生长及存活的影响

九孔鲍摄食人工饲料的盐度范围为２０￣３８,其中较适宜的盐度范围为２５￣３５,在此盐度范围内,小规格鲍（平均壳长１．３０ｃｍ,平均体重０．３７ｇ）的壳长日增长为９１．５￣１０２．３μｍ,日增重为８．６０￣１２．５５ｍｇ;大规格鲍（平均壳长２．７ｃｍ,平均体重２．３ｇ）的壳长日增长为５６．３０￣８１．８０μｍ,日增重为１２．６８￣２２．４８ｍｇ,其最适生长的盐度为３０￣３５,存活率为９７％￣１００％。     

魁蚶筏式养殖技术试验报告

放养４ｃｍ魁蚶苗种４０７１７粒，在１４个月的筏式养殖中，采取调整水层，倒笼分级，网床养殖等措施，共收缩商品贝１８０１０个，平均壳长５．２７ｃｍ，平均体重５６ｇ养殖成活率４４．３％，专家鉴定认为，本技术居山东省领先水平。     

莱州湾脉红螺筏式养殖的初步研究

１９９４年１２月放养平均壳高３．９ｃｍ，平均体重１０ｇ的脉红螺苗４万个，经过１３个月海上筏式养殖，平均壳高达７．４３ｃｍ，平均体重８３．５ｇ，亩产达到２７２０ｋｇ，总成活率９４．４％，亩纯收入３５４５０．９０元，约是扇贝养殖的４倍。放养密度以１０个／层产量最高，贻贝为最佳饵料品种。应加强４￣１０月脉红螺快速生长期的管理，专家鉴定认为，本研究居国内领先水平。     

双齿围沙蚕人工育苗生产性试验

介绍了双齿围沙蚕育苗生产的全过程。６￣７月份,利用对虾育苗室及其设备,采捕自然海域上浮的异沙蚕体,孵化密度５０￣１００万粒／ｍ＾３,经３５ｄ培养,幼体平均体长１．５（０．５￣３．０）ｃｍ,１３６ｍ＾２出苗量４５５万条,平均３２６２５条／ｍ＾２。三刚节幼虫至四刚节幼虫成活率７０％,四刚节幼虫至底栖成活率４９．４％,底栖后至出池成活率４７．９％。     

潮间带网箱养鲍技术研究

在潮间带进行网箱养鲍试验，４个试验池共设置１３５个网箱，放养壳长１．３￣２．９ｃｍ鲍鱼苗种１６．９万只，经１８个月养殖，共产商品鲍４３０５ｋｇ，平均亩产１１０２ｋｇ，平均规格６．１ｃｍ，平均成活率７６．５％，实现产值１３７．７万元，利润５５．５万元。经专家鉴定认为，本技术属国内首创，达到国际先进水平。     

虾夷马粪海胆的海区渡夏、室内中间培育及工厂化养成↑（*）

１９９３年７月～１９９７年５月,在夏季采用网袋、网箱开展虾夷马粪海胆Ｆ２代稚海胆的海区渡夏,壳径日平均生长量比室内提高３３．６％～６１．６％;采用网箱平面培育方法进行Ｆ２代稚海胆室内中间育成和Ｆ３代稚海胆室内中间育成中试,壳径的日平均生长量随时间呈下降趋势,为０．５３×１０－２～１．４６×１０－２ｃｍ／ｄ,体重日平均生长量呈上升趋势,介于２．３２×１０－２～１０．７２×１０－２ｇ／ｄ之间,培养中密度过大会降低海胆的成活率并导致疾病发生;采用立体水槽开展陆地工厂化养成,经１３个月,海胆壳径由１．１６ｃｍ增至５．９８ｃｍ,体重由０．４７ｇ增至６１．０ｇ,性腺指数达１８．０％。     

栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄研究

从温度变化、个体大小和昼夜变化等３个角度研究栉孔扇贝（Ｓｃｈｌａｍｙｓ ｆａｒｒｅｉ）三倍体与二倍体的排泄率。结果表明,栉孔扇贝三倍体与二倍体的排泄率均随温度升高而增大;不同壳宽排泄率（Ｎ）与温度（ｔ）的关系为：Ｎ＝７．２０３３ｅ＾０．１２１５ｔ,Ｒ＾２＝０．８４４１（三倍体ｓ组,壳宽约３．２ｃｍ）;Ｎ＝８．８１５３ｅ＾０．１０３１ｔ,Ｒ＾２＝０．９８６３（三倍体ｂ组,壳宽约４．３ｃｍ）;Ｎ＝６．     

河口低盐区罗氏沼虾养殖试验报告

利用对虾养成池，在盐度为５．９８～９．０的半咸水中，单养罗氏沼虾，平均亩产１０８．ｇｋｇ，平均体长７．７８ｃｍ；罗氏沼虾与梭鱼混养，亩产罗氏沼虾１０２．３ｋｇ，平均体长８．１７ｃｍ，亩产梭鱼２６．３ｋｇ，平均体长１８．７８ｃｍ。与当地养殖中国对虾相比，每亩经济效益高６８．３％。专家鉴定认为：本研究技术成果达国内先进水平。     

乳山寨滩涂缢蛏半人工采苗的研究

为解决北方沿海缢蛏养殖的苗种问题，在乳山寨滩涂建立缢蛏半人工采苗场，对苗坪适时进行翻耕平整，加强培育管理，１９９３年４ｈ采苗场共采蛏苗８７７０万粒，平均２２１５粒／，平均壳长２．５ｃｍ；１９９４年４０ｈ采苗场共采蛏苗５亿粒，平均１４２８粒／，平均壳长２ｃｍ。结果发现，附苗前翻松平整的苗坪附苗数量远高于未翻松平整的苗坪。山东沿海移养缢蛏性腺于９月中旬至１０月上旬进入成熟期，１０月上、中旬开始放散     

乐清湾塘养泥蚶的生长

1998年6月至2000年7月对浙江省乐清湾塘养泥蚶的生长进行了详细的观察。刚孵化变态的D形幼虫壳长92-100μm，经10d培育达到180.5-201.5μm，平均每日增长8.9-10.2μm；稚贝附着后16d平均壳长从191.3μm增长到634.1μm，平均每日增长27.7μm；出库稚贝放养于围塘内，培育9个月平均壳长达到8.34mm，成为商品贝苗，平均每月增长0.86mm，其中9－10月份增长可达1.65mm；再经15个月培育达到成品贝，平均壳长28.57mm，平均每月增长1.35mm。泥蚶是一种慢生型贝类。对室内浮游幼虫、稚贝、中间暂养贝苗、成蚶养殖期间的多项生长指标进行测量和称重，获得的相关关系非常显著。     

文蛤动态能量收支模型构建、验证与应用

为评估文蛤生态容量,实验根据动态能量收支理论,基于R语言构建了文蛤动态能量收支模型,采用线性与非线性回归法估算模型参数,通过对比围塘环境下文蛤壳长、湿重、软体部湿重的实测值与模拟值验证模型,并应用于模拟黄海海域滩涂区文蛤的生长过程。结果显示,文蛤模型主要参数形状系数、阿伦纽斯温度系数和单位体积结构物质所需能量分别为0.57、9 278 K和2 056 J/cm³;实测与模拟的文蛤壳长、湿重和软体部湿重相关系数R²平均为0.996,模拟值与实测值的平均误差为3.58%;如东沿海区域6月实测文蛤软体部干重为0.48 g,壳长3.12 cm,模型模拟的软体部干重、湿重和壳长分别为0.476 g,6.6 g和3.2 cm。研究表明,实验构建的文蛤动态能量收支模型的准确度较高,可真实地反映出文蛤在自然水域中的生长过程,为评估文蛤生态容纳量及构建文蛤相关的生态系统模型提供科学参考。     

皱纹盘鲍苗种南方越冬的试验

将在大连地区繁育的平均壳长2.2cm的皱纹盘鲍苗种运至福建省莆田市海域进行海上越冬,使用底面积为350mm×550mm、层间距150mm的7层专用养鲍笼,养殖密度25～80枚/层,饵料为盐渍海带、鲜紫菜、鲜海带苗。经5个月饲育,鲍苗平均壳长增长1.94cm,成活率达94.5%,效果明显优于北方沿海的室内越冬及海上越冬。     

Size-based physical properties of hard-shell clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) shell relevant to the design of mechanical processing equipment

The knowledge of physical properties of food products is of fundamental importance for efficient design, dimensioning, manufacturing and operation of different mechanical equipment used in the processing of these products. Clams of different sizes are utilized during processing, thus, all the sizes must be given adequate consideration for efficient processing. This study was conducted to investigate the size-based physical properties of hard-shell clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) shell relevant to the design of mechanical processing equipment. The sizes of the clam shells were identified and categorized as small, medium and large; and its effect on the physical properties were studied. The parameters investigated were length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric diameters, surface area, sphericity, aspect ratio, moisture content, bulk and true densities, porosity, clam shell weight, coefficient of static friction and angle of repose. Increase in the length and width of clam shells increased the arithmetic and geometric diameters, and the surface area, but decreased the sphericity and aspect ratio. Moisture content, bulk and true densities, porosity and clam shell weight increased with increase clam shell size. Coefficient of static friction of clam shell was highest on rubber surface and lowest on glass surface, and was positively correlated with size; while angle of repose decreased with size. There was an excellent agreement between the prediction of the normal distribution and the actual distribution of the clam shell sizes. All the parameters were significantly different with respect to clam shell size at p < 0.05, which makes a strong case for the consideration of clam shell size during processing.     

利用生物改善虾池底质试验

在老化污染虾池中移植沙蚕等底栖生物，明显改善了虾池底质。１９９３、１９９４年试验池比对照池分别增产４０．５％和５８．５％，平均规格大０．６９ｃｍ和０．４１ｃｍ，成活率提高１９％和８．１％。１９９４年１２月专家鉴定认为，本试验居国内领先水平。     

浙江沿海彩虹明樱蛤生物学特性初步研究

通过对浙江沿海4个海区彩虹明樱蛤的壳长、壳宽、软体质量、鲜出肉率、肥满度、蛋白质和脂肪含量等在一年生长最快的季节(5—9月)变化趋势的研究,进一步证明了壳长与壳宽、壳长与软体质量均呈线性正相关,慈溪的彩虹明樱蛤的鲜出肉率、肥满度、蛋白质含量都是最高的。如果以出肉量为标准,7月是最佳的采捕季节。乐清的彩虹明樱蛤脂肪含量最高可作种贝。     

胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔的生长和死亡特性

2004年5月至2005年4月对胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔（Rudimpes philippinarum）底播增殖区进行了逐月定点采样，将样品带回放于实验室内水族箱暂养，每站随机取样，共对3269个个体进行了基本生物学特性测定，研究了移植底播菲律宾蛤仔的生长、死亡等渔业生物学特性。结果表明，底播增殖菲律宾蛤仔苗种的平均个体质量0．26g、平均壳长11．1mm；底播蛤仔与野生蛤仔在生长规律上基本一致，春末至秋初（4～9月）是其主要生长期；1～3龄期间个体生长速度较快，1～2龄、2～3龄，个体质量分别增长3．88g和4．02g；1～2龄生物量增长最快，2～3龄由于死亡率增大，其生物量增长缓慢；1～3龄蛤仔软体部的生长速度快于贝壳，5～6月是菲律宾蛤仔的繁殖肥育期。根据个体生长特性，3龄为最佳采捕年龄；根据目前的养殖状况，2龄蛤仔已达到商品规格，从生物量上分析，采捕2龄蛤仔收益最高；6月是最佳的捕获时期。蛤仔生长具有明显的季节变化，水温是影响菲律宾蛤仔生长的主要环境因子。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：642—649]     

SEM observations on larval shell morphology of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and their utility

Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is common and abundant on Japanese tidal flats, forming a commercially important clam fishery. However, annual catches of Manila clam have decreased drastically since 1975?C1985. To study larval recruitment processes of Manila clam, we carried out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations on larval and juvenile shells of clams reared at 20 and 24?°C. There was no significant difference in final shell length of trochophores between 20 and 24?°C. However, the larval duration was much longer and the shell length of settled size of pediveligers was much larger for clams reared at 20?°C than those reared at 24?°C. These findings suggest that larval duration and growth, as well as settlement size, may vary markedly depending on temperature (and probably on season). The larval shell morphology of Manila clam can provide essential information about larval recruitment processes.     

Comparison of Three Culture Methods for the Intensive Culture of Northern Quahog Seed, Mercenaria mercenaria

A number of approaches have been utilized for growing bivalve hatchery seed (1 mm) to a size suitable for field planting (< 8 mm) but few have been directly compared. This study evaluated the growth and survival of northern quahog seed in three different culture systems and two different stocking densities. The three systems were: 1) a stacked-tray unit with downward water flow; 2) traditional upweller culture units with water flowing upward without seed bed expansion; and 3) upweller culture units with water flowing upward at fluidization velocities to provide seed bed expansion. The two stocking densities were 1.0 and 3.0 g whole wet weight clam/cm² respectively. During each trial period the seed clams were fed a 1% daily ration (% dry weight algae per wet weight clam per day) of the cultured diatom Chaetoceros muelleri . After 14 d of culture at the 1.0 g whole wet weight/cm² stocking density, seed clams (4.4 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) under fluidized-flow condition exhibited better growth (0.54/d), and a greater final shell length (5.9 ± 1.0 mm). At the high density stocking conditions, after 28 d of culture, seed clams (4.2 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) in the fluidized-flow culture conditions again exhibited better growth rate (0.031/d) and a greater final shell length (6.0 ± 1.0 mm). The preliminary evaluation of fluidized-flow for seed clam culture in land-based nurseries indicates its potential as a suitable alternative to raceway, downwelling, or traditional forced-flow culture methods.