叶片泵相似定律应用初探

相似定律是叶片泵理论及设计应用中的一个十分重要的定律，但由于使用了很多假设和经验公式，所以实用中其范围有一定的局限性。通过对叶片泵试验，从中可以看出，当转数在60％—100％范围内变化，使用相似定律换算泵性能产生的误差在5％以内。     

壳体尺寸影响通用型离心风机性能的试验研究

以离心风机壳体宽度和蜗壳尺寸为试验因素,比较分析了以上因素对风机性能的影响情况。通过试验发现,在一定参数范围内,离心风机结构尺寸的变化对风机能力有显著的影响,为农业通用型离心风机的设计研究提供了一定的试验依据。     

蜗壳轴向出流式低比转数水轮机设计与数值模拟

基于流体机械设计理论和数值模拟分析方法,设计了一种新型低比转数水轮机,其不仅适用于小水电机组的更新完善,也可作为冷却塔风机的直接驱动装置。该水轮机采用蜗壳轴向出水方式,使其径向尺寸约为相似常规水轮机的1/2,除降低造价成本外,更有利于冷却塔内通风;为适应冷却塔内部结构,采用反击式环形叶片作功,在很大程度上降低了水轮机径向尺寸;对应水轮机转轮出水形式,环形尾水管进水模式将尾水接入对称布置的4个布水管,均匀出水结构在很大程度上改善了尾水管内流场,同时可使水轮机直接安装在中心基座上。数值模拟结果表明:蜗壳出口速度满足等速度矩定律,采用轴向出水方式的反击式水轮机的流场分布符合要求;水轮机预测效率约90%,各部分水力损失均较小。     

相似准则和切割定律在离心泵改造中的综合应用

综合运用的相似准则和定律对原型泵进行改造，使之成为实型型，从而达到节约成本投资，扩大离心泵的使用范围的目的。     

叶片泵变转速时性能换算公式的探讨

一、引言泵的性能相似定律确认,同一台泵在转速改变后的两个相似工况点运行,其扬程与转速有如下关系: 泵的性能相似定律最初只是实验结果的总结形式,后来则从相似理论中获得了可靠的理论基础。从形式上看,定律的基本理论依据有两条:1.流道内的水流是运动相似的;2.相似工况点间的水力效率相等。但是,由于叶轮内的流动一般均在自模区,运     

水利部南水北调工程水泵模型同台

介绍在天津进行的水利部南水北调工程水泵模型同台测试结果，技术指标分析评价，并对试验中叶片轮般侧间隙对性能的影响，降速试验流量、扬程符合相似定律，进口预旋以试验结果的影响等有关问题进行了探讨。     

发动机冷却水泵及试验装置的研究

介绍用于发动机冷却水泵的试验装置。该装置的特点是调速范围大，工作介质温度高，可以同时对泵轴进行径向和轴向加载，通过对ＩＶＥＣＯ公司生产的８１４０发动机冷却系统的试验，研究了介质温度对泵的相似定律和性能的影响。     

气吸式马铃薯播种机一体式风机优化设计与试验

针对目前气吸式马铃薯播种机所需风机数量多、结构尺寸大、传动复杂等问题,优化设计了气吸式马铃薯播种机一体式风机.一体式风机的进气口、吹管出口分别与排种器的吸管接口、吹管接口相连,为排种作业提供取种负压、投种正压,实现一体式风机吹吸双作用.通过排种过程力学分析确定所需风压,并对风机内部流场进行数值模拟及运动学分析.采用旋转...     

谷物联合收割机清选横流风机的设计

随着谷物联合收割机向高效率、大型化发展,使得联合收割机清选部件宽度增加,传统的离心式或轴流式风机受机器宽度的影响,存在横向气流分布不均匀、结构尺寸大和动力消耗大等问题,直接影响谷物清选质量和效率,而具有二维流动的横流风机不受机器宽度的影响,并能产生良好的气流分布。为此,对横流风机进行设计,并确定了主要技术参数,为相关人员提供参考。     

基于CFD的专用离心风机内部流场特性

本工作运用CFD技术的FLUENT软件建立了6HWF-20型高射程喷雾喷粉机的专用风机模型并进行了内部流场模拟,获得了转速为2 372 r/min时计算收敛后风机内部流场的速度矢量分布和压力分布情况,并通过优化风机叶片进口安装角和蜗舌的形状、尺寸,改善了风机内部流场。同时获得了6种转速下风机出口处的平均速度,并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果吻合,基于FLUENT软件下建立的专用风机模型和模拟方法是可行的,为采用CFD技术进一步改善风机内部流场,提高风机出口速度,更有效地实现高射程喷雾喷粉功能具有重要的意义。      

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture

The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance, water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers while protecting the environment.