武汉地区猪舍冬季环境评价

对武汉地区有窗猪舍内的冬季环境状况进行了观测。结果表明：分娩舍内温湿度分别为８．１～１０．０℃,７０％～８０％;保育舍内温湿度分别为５．２～７．３℃,８３．４％～８６．０％,两舍内温度均偏低,湿度均偏高,不利仔猪的生长发育。通风时舍内风速较为合适,舍内氨气浓度在允许范围之内。     

不同类型猪舍建筑的环境评价

该文对山东省主要类型猪舍在春、夏、冬季节环境下的使用效果进行了研究，测定了舍内外温度、湿度、气流速度、光照度、舍内空气中氨气浓度及大气落菌数等指标，以便为合理的猪舍设计和环境控制提供科学依据。结果表明半开放式猪舍冬季在运动场部分用塑料薄膜覆盖，可以显著提高舍内温度(P＜0.01)(2.1℃)，但其温度状况仍较封闭式猪舍差(P＜0.01)，且湿度偏高；在夏季半开放式猪舍内气流速度较低，舍内温度仍显著高于舍外(P＜0.01)。对于封闭式有窗猪舍，有吊顶及密封效果较好的猪舍冬季的保温效果较好。夏季猪舍内气温高于     

北京密闭式商品蛋鸡舍冬季环境研究(初报)

对北京地区的典型密闭式蛋鸡舍的冬季环境进行了测试分析。结果表明：对三七外墙和２００ｍｍ厚加气混凝土屋面的密闭式蛋鸡舍，每只蛋鸡的通风量为１．３ｍ３／ｈ时，可维持舍内外温差１９℃左右，舍内ＣＯ２浓度２１００×１０－６左右，最高ＮＨ３浓度不超过１８×１０－６。不同的进气口形式与位置对舍内温度、有害气体的分布影响较大。     

基于组态软件和模糊控制的分娩母猪舍环境监控系统

为解决北方寒冷地区分娩母猪对猪舍环境的要求,该文研究了一种舍内环境监测和控制系统。该系统综合考虑舍内温度、湿度、氨气浓度及其相互影响,利用组态软件、模糊控制技术和解耦控制技术,通过机械通风系统和热水采暖系统实现了舍内环境的智能控制。试验结果表明该系统可行且实用,在保证舍内所需温度基本恒定的条件下（舍内温度控制的最大相对误差为5.5%）,也能使舍内相对湿度和氨气浓度保持在适宜范围内。     

北京市种鸡场平养密闭式鸡舍环境因素观测分析

本文通过对北京市种鸡场平养密闭舍1986年夏至1987年春环境因素观测分析,指出该舍内气流速度、气流方向、光照时间及光照度等基本符合鸡的生理要求;但夏季舍内呈现高温、高湿,冬季呈现低温、高湿有待改进。经研究提出措施是:夏季可采用湿帘降温,冬季可根据温、湿度、氨气浓度综合控制风机运转等。     

北京密闭式商品蛋鸡舍冬季环境研究(初报)

对北京地区的典型密闭式蛋鸡舍的冬季环境进行了测试分析。结果表明：对三七外墙和２００ｍｍ厚加气混凝土屋面的密闭式蛋鸡舍，每只蛋鸡的通风量为１．３ｍ³／ｈ时，可维持舍内外温差１９℃左右，舍内ＣＯ_２浓度２ １００×１０^－６左右，最高ＮＨ₃浓度不超过１８×１０^－６。不同的进气口形式与位置对舍内温度、有害气体的分布影响较大。     

土壤温度,水分胁迫和播种深度对玉米种子萌发出苗的影响

萌发试验同时在实验室和田间进行。试验结果表明，当土壤含水量低于１０％时，玉米种子将不能顺利萌发。温度变化可以加速种子萌发，田间条件下，５０％种子萌发所需的积温范围为１８．６－２３．８℃，决定于昼夜的温差。播种深度影响出苗速率，５０％了苗所需的时间播深８厘米比播深６厘米推迟半天（相当于积温３－５℃），８０％出苗所需的时间播深８厘米比播深５厘米推迟１天（相当于积温７－１０℃）。     

半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季日间空气污染物排放特征

蛋鸡舍空气颗粒物、空气微生物和氨气等污染物的排放不但影响场区生物安全,更会造成环境污染问题。该文采用直线多点均匀采样新型系统,对北京地区某半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季空气颗粒物、微生物和氨气3种污染物的日间排放进行监测和分析,研究半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季日间空气污染物排放特征。结果表明,该蛋种鸡舍试验期间舍内温度保持在18.0~20.0℃;间歇性通风条件下,风机的开启时长和舍外温度具有正相关关系(P0.05,R2=0.883 7);在冬季8:00-18:00期间,空气颗粒物的排放质量浓度为0.5~0.8 mg/m~3,每只鸡排放量为1.0~1.5 mg/h;空气微生物的排放浓度为4.0~4.5 log10CFU/m~3,每只鸡排放量为4.3~4.8 log10 CFU/h;氨气排放浓度为7.6~14.3 mg/m~3,每只鸡排放量为8.1~13.7 mg/h。试验期间,舍外温度低于舍内温度,试验鸡舍通风量及波动范围小,空气颗粒物、空气微生物和氨气的排放浓度、排放量与舍外温度、通风量、舍内相对湿度之间均未发现相关关系(P0.05)。该研究结果可为中国蛋鸡舍空气污染物排放特征提供参考。     

连栋鸡舍夏季环境的实验研究

对在我国山东蓬莱建成的首批连栋鸡舍的环境状况进行了为期两年的实测分析，结果表明：现行砖混结构连栋鸡舍，夏季在纵向通风条件下，舍内的温度与气流速度分布均匀；对笼养肉种鸡舍，在换气量为每千克体重５～８ｍ３／ｈ时，舍内平均风速可达１．４～１．８ｍ／ｓ，进排风口温差在１．５℃以内。夏季开产的鸡群高峰产蛋率达到８６．９％，产蛋率８０％以上维持１０周。     

浅谈纵向负压通风

舍内环境因素诸如温、湿、有害气体、风速等很大程度上受通风工艺的影响。横向通风改为纵向通风后,舍内气流速率提高近6倍,且气流分布均匀,舍内氨气浓度和微生物数量分别降低50％和68％,粉尘含量也由34.6mg/m~3下降为11.4mg/m~3,节省电力23.7％     

Transformation of the Bryansk Paleosol in Microdepressions in the Center of the East European Forest-Steppe during the Maximum of Valdai Glaciation and in the Holocene

Eurasian Soil Science - Recent and Late Pleistocene soils of the central forest-steppe in the East European Plain have been studied. The main objective of the work is to reveal changes in the...     

Variations in the composition of the sap of zea mays with the increase in osmotic pressure of the nutritive solution

The alterations are studied which are produced in the content of mineral elements and organic fractions of sap with the increase in the osmotic pressure of the nutritive solution at levels of 2.0; 3.5 and 5.0 atm., obtained through the addition to the nutritive solution either of magnesium sulphate or PEG‐4000.

Through the effect of the osmotic pressure, the transformations are modified of the nitrogen and mineral phosphorus at organic fractions experience a series of modifications which produce different values in the Nm%TSN and Pm%TSP ratios with respect to control. Through action of the specific effect of magnesium sulphate, the reducing sugars concentrations in sap having an important increase.     

论图书馆数字馆藏资源建设中亟待解决的问题

论述数字馆藏的产生、概念和特点,分析数字馆藏资源建设中存在的问题,探讨数字馆藏资源建设中应采取的策略。     

Changes in the structure of the rhizosphere complex of actinomycetes in the ontogenesis of winter rye

Changes in the taxonomic structure of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) growing on acid soddy-podzolic soil were studied. During the first stages of ontogenesis of winter rye, the rhizosphere complex of mycelial prokaryotes was characterized by a relatively level generic structure (with respect to the indices of abundance and frequency of particular genera), low values of the species diversity, and low domination frequency of the species from the Streptomyces genus. The numbers and species diversity of the streptomycetes increased during the further growth of the winter rye, so that streptomycetes became a dominant group in the complex of the rhizosphere actinomycetes. According to the two-way ANOVA, the population density of the Micromonospora and the Streptosporangium genera in the rhizosphere was mainly dictated by the winter rye variety, whereas the population density of the streptomycetes depended on the particular stage of the winter rye development. The differences between the actinomycetal complexes characteristic of different varieties of winter rye at the early stages of its development was leveled by the end of the winter rye growth.     

Evolution of forest pedogenesis in the south of the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland in the Late Holocene

The Late Holocene stage of forest pedogenesis has been studied on the interfluves along river valleys in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland. The development of gray forest soils from the former chernozems as a result of the Late Holocene advance of forest vegetation over steppes is discussed. It is argued that the climatic conditions of the Subatlantic period were unstable, so that multiple alternation of forest and steppe vegetation communities took place. This specified a complex character of soil evolution upon contrasting substitution of forest pedogenesis for steppe pedogenesis. On the interfluves near the natural drainage network (balkas, ravines, and steep slopes of river valleys), the climate-driven dynamics of forest and steppe vegetation with corresponding changes in the character of pedogenesis could take place during the entire Holocene, which is reflected in a lower thickness of humus profiles and deeper leaching of carbonates from chernozems of the Early Iron Age in comparison with their analogues formed under steppe cenoses in central parts of the interfluves. Two variants of the evolution of gray forest soils can be suggested: the pulsating evolution typical of balkas and interfluves near river valleys and the continuous progressive evolution typical of automorphic (plakor) positions in central parts of the interfluves.     

Accumulation of chemical elements in the raised peatbogs of the subtaiga Trans-Urals in the Holocene

The results of studying the variability of the geochemical parameters of the layers of the Sartamskii upland peatbog in the south of Tyumen oblast based on the radiocarbon time scale are given. Four basic types of peat and stages of peat deposits formation in the Holocene are distinguished: the organomineral layer of the sediments in a paleolake (up to 5065 ± 60 years ago), the low moor layer (4300–4900 years ago), the transitional layer (3100–4300 years ago), and the high moor peat (250–3100 years ago). The upper peat layer (last 200–300 years) significantly differs from its main portion; in particular, it is characterized by an increased ash content and the accumulation of a number of elements. The relationship between the various characteristics of the deposit is analyzed using principal component analysis, and the conditions of the formation of the peat deposit in different time periods are estimated, including the climatic conditions (in relative units). The anthropogenic signal of the accumulation of some elements in wetland systems is identified.     

稳定同位素在植物源性农产品产地溯源研究进展

产地溯源是保护农产品品牌及地区特色产品、防止欺诈、保护消费者权益的有效保障。稳定同位素指纹分析是用于食品产地溯源的有效技术之一,具有高效、准确、可靠的特点。本文系统分析了近5年来,稳定同位素指纹分析技术在植物源性初级农产品、加工农产品溯源中的应用以及稳定同位素在食品加工过程中分馏变化的研究进展。在此基础上,展望了今后稳定同位素在植物源性农产品产地溯源中的研究重点和发展方向。     

植树造林在黄河三角洲生态与环境建设中的作用

通过认真分析黄河三角洲生态环境的现状和存在的问题，探讨了林业在黄河三角洲生态环境建设中的作用，并结合黄河三角洲的实际情况，从森林生态体系建设的角度，提出了黄河三角洲生态环境建设的对策，为黄河三角洲生态建设和可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Seasonal changes in the communities of microorganisms and algae in the litters of tree plantations in the steppe zone

Specific structural and dynamic parameters of communities from various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms and algae in the litter of artificial tree stands were studied using the example of the Staro-Berdyansky Forest in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The composition of the communities was shown to vary by seasons and depend on the forest-forming woody species. In spring, in all the litters, the maximal number of actinomycetes and aminotrophs was recorded; in the leaf litter, the number of phosphate-mobilizing organisms was also the largest. In summer, the development of cellulolytic organisms, ammonifiers, and nitrogen-fixers was intensified; in autumn, the number of micromycetes and oligotrophic organisms decreased. The composition of dominants, the species richness of algae and their abundance also varied by seasons. Representatives of the Chlorophyta division predominated. The highest species richness of algae was characteristic of the spring litter samples, and their number, for the spring and autumn ones. The positive correlation was established between the numbers of micromycetes and oligotrophs, micromycetes and algae. The negative correlation was found between the numbers of micromycetes and actinomycetes, cellulose-decompose bacteria and algae in the litters.