广式腊肠热泵除湿干燥生产性应用研究

利用GHRH-510S型热泵除湿干燥机,采取梯度变温干燥工艺参数,进行了14批次广式腊肠规模化干燥加工应用研究。结果表明:热泵除湿干燥技术装备适合广式腊肠规模化生产需要,干燥仅需42h,较传统方式节约24h以上,并在6h内可去除需要去除水量的45%,腊肠品质优异,较传统干燥节约能耗等生产成本60%以上。     

稻谷干燥设备的类型

<正>目前用于稻谷干燥的机型,根据谷物和气流的流动方向分主要有混流式、横流式、顺流式、顺混流式、逆流式干燥机等。(1)横流式干燥机。横流干燥机可分横流循环干燥机和横流-缓苏干燥机两种。横流循环干燥机为中小型干燥机。日本SDA型横流循环式稻谷干燥机采用较低的热风温度(50~60℃),干燥和缓苏在同一机体内进行。干燥加热时间6~11分钟,缓苏时间60分钟,风量为每100kg稻谷0.5~0.7m3/s,降水量0.6%/h,生产率为160~1000kg/h。干燥原理为低温大风量,薄层多风道,干燥加缓苏的干燥工艺。广东南海和中国农大生产的小型横流循     

响应面法优化桑叶热泵干燥速率模型

应用GHRH型热泵干燥机,研究了干燥温度、干燥风速、热烫时间、铺料密度对桑叶脱水特性的影响。单因素实验结果表明,桑叶干燥的较优铺料料量为1.0kg/m~2,适当的热烫预处理能够起到护色和提高干燥速率的作用。从温度、风速、热烫时间三因素的中心复合表面实验得到,温度是影响干燥速率的显著因素,风速为次显著因素,热泵干燥对桑叶品质的影响较小,并得到了干燥速率的数学模型为Y=2.3103-0.0804X_1+0.0539X_2+0.0213X_3+0.0008X_1X_1-0.0094X_2X_2-0.0043X_3X_3。应用Minitab软件响应优化器优化工艺参数,当干燥温度为64.20℃、风速为2.40m/s、热烫时间为2.0min、干燥耗时2.25h时,所得产品蛋白质和黄酮含量为鲜桑叶的77.93%和69.75%,优化工艺的平均干燥速率为0.5532,与回归方程预测值的相对误差为2.38%。所得数学模型及最优工艺,对桑叶批量干燥生产有一定指导作用。     

果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备干燥核桃的试验研究

果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备是利用太阳能和空气热能为热源,可完成果品的干燥加工的设备。本文以新疆叶城扎―343核桃为试验材料,利用果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备,研究生产率、工作温度和空气流速对核桃干燥的影响,通过正交试验找出最佳的干燥方案。结果表明干燥核桃的最佳方案为:生产率为1000kg/h,温度为58℃,空气流速为3m/s,在此条件下核桃的干燥时间为12h,极大的减少了核桃干燥的时间。     

南方稻谷干燥特性及热泵技术应用优势分析

通过分析南方稻谷的干燥特性、传统燃料谷物干燥机的特点和应用状况,指出了传统谷物干燥机难以满足南方稻谷干燥的共性问题,阐述了热泵干燥技术在高温高湿条件下的应用优势。对自主研发的5HRD-30型稻谷热泵干燥机进行了应用试验测试,在设定干燥温度为55～60℃时,将稻谷水分由29.28%干燥至14%,耗时18.56 h,较传统谷物干燥机（设定干燥温度70℃以上）的烘干时间24.5 h缩短了24.2%,平均干燥速率为0.835%/h,每吨湿谷烘干能耗为59.87 kW·h,稻谷爆腰率增值为0.66%,实现了南方稻谷低能耗高品质高效烘干。     

稻谷干燥设备的类型

正目前用于稻谷干燥的机型,根据谷物和气流的流动方向分主要有混流式、横流式、顺流式、顺混流式、逆流式干燥机等。(1)横流式干燥机。横流干燥机可分横流循环干燥机和横流-缓苏干燥机两种。横流循环干燥机为中小型干燥机。日本SDA型横流循环式稻谷干燥机采用较低的热风温度(50~60℃),干燥和缓苏在同一机体内进行。干燥加热时间6~11分钟,缓苏时间60分钟,风量为每100kg稻谷0.5~0.7m3/s,降水量0.6%/h,生产率为160~1000kg/h。干燥原理为低温大风量,薄层多风道,干燥加缓苏的干燥工艺。广东南海和中国农大生产的小型横流循     

热泵干燥机干燥稻谷的试验研究

采用热泵干燥机对稻谷进行了干燥研究,选用不同的原始水分、干燥温度与不同的表面风速,比较热泵干燥前后稻谷水分、发芽率、爆腰率的变化,力求找出在保证稻谷的食用品质前提下最佳的热泵干燥条件,为热泵干燥机在稻谷干燥方面的应用提供参考。     

微波热泵联合干燥机的设计与试验研究

为了解决农产品干燥过程中能耗高、品质差等问题,研制了一种微波热泵联合干燥机,对该机的整机结构、工作原理和关键部件做了介绍分析,并以金针菇为原料进行了微波热泵联合干燥机的最佳干燥工艺探究试验。试验表明:在微波功率13.3k W、热风温度65℃、传送带转速0.6m/s时,干燥后的金针菇含水率12.37、复水比3.124、色差81.8,满足干燥要求且优于其他组合。该研究可为微波热泵联合干燥机的研制及金针菇的干燥提供参考。     

杏鲍菇热泵干燥特性及工艺参数优化

为提高杏鲍菇干制品品质,采用热泵干燥方式,通过分析干燥温度和铺料密度对杏鲍菇干燥特性的影响,确定合适的升温节点。在此基础上,运用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,分析初始温度、温度增量、铺料密度及其交互作用对产品的色差、复水比和氨基酸质量分数的影响,根据试验数据建立多元二次回归方程,并对干燥工艺进行优化。结果表明:铺料密度是影响杏鲍菇干燥产品色差的主要因素,铺料密度大于3.1 kg/m~2时,产品色泽较差;温度增量是影响复水比的主要因素,6℃～9℃的升温有利于干燥后期水分的转移,产品复水较好;温度(包括初始温度与温度增量)是影响氨基酸质量分数的主要因素,较低的干燥温度能减少氨基酸的损失。杏鲍菇最佳热泵干燥工艺为:初始温度50℃,温度增量7℃,铺料密度2.9 kg/m~2,此条件下干燥的产品品质优良,色泽洁白,色差ΔE为19.08,复水性好,复水比为1.63,氨基酸破坏少,其值为476.03 mg/100 g。     

香蕉片热泵干燥工艺参数优化

为提高干制香蕉片品质,提高干燥效率,应用热泵干燥技术干燥香蕉片。采用响应曲面法进行工艺参数的优化试验,研究干燥温度(X_1)、切片厚度(X_2)、铺料密度(X_3)3个因素对品质评分、复水比和干燥时间的影响,用线性加权法得出单目标方程,确定干燥工艺的最佳参数组合。结论如下:干燥温度和切片厚度对感官评分(Y_1)的影响非常显著(P0.01),温度在60℃左右,切片厚度4.5mm左右时,能获得较佳品质的香蕉片;切片厚度对复水比(Y_2)的影响非常显著(P0.01)。干燥温度和切片厚度对干燥时间(Y_3)的影响非常显著(P0.01),较高的干燥温度,较小的切片厚度能明显减少干燥时间。高品质、良好复水性,干燥效率高的最优参数组合为:干燥温度60℃、切片厚度3.5mm、铺料密度2.2kg/m~2,在此工艺条件下获得的干燥香蕉片品质评分为8.70,复水比为2.16,干燥时间为192.5min。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。