基于主成分和GIS 的关天经济区区域经济空间分异研究

在关中-天水经济区＂一核、一轴、三辐射＂的空间发展战略基础上,对经济区县域生产要素禀赋和生产技术水平等基本特征进行综合评价,据此划分区域并进行各区产业功能定位,以期为促进产业整合与升级和优化区域经济结构提供科学依据。运用多元统计的主成分分析,对研究区65个区（县）经济发展状况进行综合评价;运用区域分工指数和区位商衡量各县之间的产业集聚趋势,采用层次聚类法和GIS空间分析将经济区划分为5个区域;最后提出促进经济区地区分工及一体化,统筹区域经济发展的对策建议。     

枸杞道地性与其根际微生物的研究进展

宁夏枸杞道地性是目前研究的热点问题之一,本文就宁夏枸杞道地性形成模式、宁夏枸杞药用成分、宁夏枸杞道地性与微量元素以及其根系微生物的关系进行了阐述,并对今后宁夏枸杞与根系微环境研究方向进行了展望。     

成渝经济区现代农业发展差异与空间集聚

为了明确成渝经济区内现代农业发展水平及差异,采用主成分分析方法对各县现代农业发展水平进行综合评价,并采用Moran指数全局和局部指标分析了邻接区域农业发展水平的空间关联性和集聚特性。结果发现县域现代农业发展水平差异较大,呈现成都市和重庆市区两核心区域发展水平高、中间地带和外围区域发展水平低的凹型发展模式。地理上邻接区域具有的正的空间关联性,并主要定位了高高集聚类型和低低集聚类型区域,有利于更精确地找准弱弱集聚的关键突破点,培育农业产业集群,发挥辐射作用带动区域发展。     

长江经济带能源消费和经济增长的灰色关联分析

为深入了解长江经济带能源消费与经济增长的关系,本文基于灰色关联分析模型,利用1995-2015年能源消费与经济增长相关数据,对长江经济带能源消费与经济增长的相关性进行实证分析。结果表明: 在能源消费产业中,批发、零售业和住宿、餐饮业能源消费与经济增长的关联度最大,为0.88,农业、工业能源消费与经济增长的关联度最小,分别为0.50、0.52；在能源消费品种中,煤碳消费量与经济增长的关联度相对较小；以天然气和电力为代表的优质能源与经济增长具有显著的关联度。长江经济带应着力调整产业结构、优化能源消费结构,以实现绿色低碳循环发展。     

甘肃省农业产业结构优化调整与农业经济增长的关系

农业产业结构优化调整是根据市场的需求,改变农业各产业的生产份额及生产结构,进而达到与市场供需协调的目的。对农业产业结构优化调整与农业经济增长的关系进行了探讨,以期促进我国农业的健康有序发展。     

浅析陕西苹果集聚产业科技服务体系的管理与运行

通过系统分析陕西苹果集聚产业的发展现状与存在问题,提出了构建陕西苹果聚集产业科技服务体系的设想;在此基础上,对苹果集聚产业科技服务体系的内含、管理与运行等方面内容进行了剖析研究和归纳总结。重点对成果转化与技术扩散体系、示范基地网络体系、苹果标准化研究与应用体系、科技培训体系、信息化服务体系等方面进行了深刻阐述。     

河南黄泛区农场建设对产业集聚发展的影响度研究

通过利用区位熵指数、农业GDP份额和集中系数来描述河南省黄泛区农场产业集聚状况,以判断黄泛区是否存在产业集聚的现象;同时分析黄泛区农场产业集聚特征和并指出农场影响产业集聚发展所存在问题。     

重庆市不同经济区土地利用变化及其驱动力差异性分析

根据1985~2000年土地利用统计、社会经济资料,从土地利用数量变化、土地利用程度变化以及土地利用景观结构变化三个方面,对重庆市经济较发达的北碚区、欠发达的万州区和经济落后的酉阳县3个不同经济区域的土地利用进行了分析。结果表明,15年间不同经济区的各类土地利用变化的速度(率)、变化程度、变化方向存在着较大的差异。经济较发达、人均GDP高、人口密度较大的北碚区比经济欠发达的万州区和经济落后的酉阳县土地利用变化速度快,利用程度广,土地破碎化程度深,受人类干扰强度大; 人口增长、工业化和城镇化进程、第三产业的发展、经济管理机制以及社会行为因素是不同经济区土地利用变化的主要驱动力,不同经济区驱力因子的差异性,导致了不同经济区土地利用变化的差异性。     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

农村劳动力转移与农户财富增长研究

外出务工与在家务农之间的相对经济财富增长是影响农村劳动力转移的极其重要的因素之一。以重庆市璧山县为例,在实际调研的基础上,运用经济力学原理,构建了务工与务农之间的经济财富增长模型。并利用该模型分析了外出务工净收益、在家务农净收益、以及对两者进行比较研究,揭示了财富增长对农村劳动力转移的作用,得出当前政府应合理调节务工与务农比价关系的结论。     

The heterogeneity of agglomeration effect: Evidence from Chinese cities

Using annual surveys of industrial firms in China from 1998 to 2007, this paper applies the non‐linear least squares (NLS) method based on a grid search to analyse the effect of city size on firm total factor productivity (TFP). The results show that overall, the agglomeration effects in large cities, but not selection effects, significantly promote improvement in firm TFP. The optimal agglomeration scales of different industries differ as follows: those of capital‐ and technology‐intensive industries are larger than those of labour‐intensive industries. The agglomeration effects are also robust to different spatial areas without considering administrative boundaries. An inverted U‐shaped relationship exists between firm size and agglomeration effects, while the relationship between firm age and agglomeration effects is U‐shaped. State‐owned firms experience weaker agglomeration effects than non‐state‐owned firms. Cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with special economic zones have stronger agglomeration effects. However, cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with a larger economic development zone index can provide more resources to increase the survival rate of low‐productivity firms; thus, selection effects are not significant in Chinese cities.     

内蒙古环境污染水平与经济增长的库兹涅茨关系分析

为了给内蒙古环境政策提供依据,以进一步促进内蒙古环境与经济之间协调发展,笔者研究了内蒙古环境污染与经济增长之间的关系。基于环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,采用1986-2009年内蒙古环境经济数据,建立内蒙古工业污染物排放与人均国内生产总值(GDP)之间的评价模型。结果表明,在研究区间内,内蒙古固体废弃物与工业废气排放量产生量急速上升,与人均GDP之间的关系处于倒“U”型曲线的左半部分上升阶段：2009年的固体废弃物产生量比1986年增长了10508.32万t,平均年增长率为9.17%。2009年的工业废气排放量比1986年增长了22828.36万t,平均年增长率为11.54%;其中,SO2排放量与人均GDP之间已存在拐点,并呈现完全的倒“U”型关系,拐点发生在人均7793.76元时。工业废水排放量增长率变化较缓,平均年增长率为0.35%;烟尘和粉尘排放量在研究时段内逐年递减。通过工业污染物排放及其可能影响因子之间的灰色关联度分析,探究了1986年后内蒙古工业污染物排放的库兹涅茨曲线的成因。结果表明,内蒙古市环境污染的主要关联因子包括产业结构、GDP总量、单位GDP能耗、城镇人口比例。本研究结果将为内蒙古经济在不断增加的环境压力下保持可持续发展、协调经济增长与环境污染之间的关系提供参考。     

The Influence of Agglomeration Externalities on Manufacturing Growth Within Indonesian Locations

Differences in agglomeration externalities and industrial regimes between locations generate performance differentials for their localized economic activities. For more than two decades, scholars have debated which externality is dominant for growth and under which regime. This study aims to resolve this debate by analyzing the influence of agglomeration economies on the growth of five‐digit manufacturing sectors and firms for Indonesian cities and regencies between 2000 and 2009. This is investigated employing the recent reconceptualization of variety based on sectoral linkages distinguishing related and unrelated varieties, which allow assessing their idiosyncratic economic roles. The findings support that economic relatedness is the dominant source for expansion of sectors and firms within Indonesian locations. Specialized clusters and competition are inversely related to manufacturing growth, although the latter fosters sectoral employment within Indonesian regencies. Population density and human capital show antithetic effects between cities and regencies due to their distinctive urbanization trajectories and industrial compositions.     

What matters for lagging regions? The role of self-employment and industrial diversity in distressed areas

Previous research suggests that having more self-employed or entrepreneurs can contribute to higher levels of economic growth in distressed areas. Additionally, self-employment in certain industries may be more beneficial to growth. Other research has linked industrial diversity to entrepreneurship and regional growth, especially in urban areas. However, the relationship between industrial diversity, self-employment, and growth in lagging or distressed regions is less clear. To examine these linkages in distressed areas, we first identify a group of distressed counties based on historic data. Then, using detailed industry-level self-employment data, we appraise whether having more self-employed from certain industries is associated with regional growth. We also analyze the relationship between industrial diversity and overall growth and the propensity to be self-employed. The results suggest that having more self-employment overall and in some key industries is associated with more employment growth in distressed counties. We also find that the relationship between economic diversity and self-employment varies by industry and region.     

Big or Small Cities? On city size and economic growth

Policy makers and academics frequently emphasize a positive link between city size and economic growth. The empirical literature on the relationship, however, is scarce and uses rough indicators for the size of a country's cities, while ignoring factors that are increasingly considered to shape this relationship. In this paper, we employ a panel of 113 countries between 1980 and 2010 to explore whether 1) there are certain city sizes that are growth enhancing and 2) how additional factors highlighted in the literature impact the city size/growth relationship. The results suggest a nonlinear relationship which is dependent on the country's size. In contrast to the prevailing view that large cities are growth‐inducing, for a majority of countries relatively small cities of up to 3 million inhabitants are more conducive to economic growth. A large share of the urban population in cities of more than 10 million inhabitants is only growth promoting in countries with an urban population of 28.5 million and more. In addition, the relationship is highly context‐dependent: a high share of industries that benefit from agglomeration economies, a well‐developed urban infrastructure, and an adequate level of governance effectiveness allow countries to take advantage of agglomeration benefits from larger cities.     

江苏省耕地变化与经济发展关系的实证研究

研究利用Eviews 8.0 软件，采用Chow检验、ADF检验、协整分析、AIC准则以及Granger 因果关系检验等计量经济方法，旨在分析1978—2009 年间江苏省耕地面积变化与经济增长之间的关系，并对江苏省耕地变化与经济发展关系的阶段性特征做出总结。结果表明：自1978 年以来，江苏省耕地面积与经济发展大致经历了2 个阶段：第一阶段(1978—1991)是互为因果关系，在该阶段内江苏省经济增长主要以耕地的牺牲为代价。第二阶段(1992—2009)是单向因果关系，在该阶段内耕地资源数量减少为经济发展提供了土地保障的作用，但经济增长并不是耕地资源数量变化的原因。从1978—2009 这一长期阶段来看，江苏省在这一时间段内经济增长与耕地变化存在单向因果关系，即耕地面积数量变化对经济的发展产生了积极的影响，但经济发展并不是耕地面积减少的原因。通过对江苏省1978—2009 年各阶段耕地变化与经济发展之间的关系进行探究，对如何处理耕地面积减少与经济发展之间的关系提出建议，这对今后经济发展与耕地变化相关问题的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Does Casino Development Have a Positive Effect on Economic Growth?

This study examines the relationship between casinos and economic growth in the U.S. Using county‐level data on the 48 contiguous states from 2003 to 2012, we estimate the effect of casinos on per capita income growth and job creation. Our research procedures include examining the relationship using level‐to‐level panel data, and 3‐year and 10‐year differenced data. An instrumental variable approach is also considered to account for potential endogeneity of the casino variable. Although, the instruments are both relevant and exogenous, test results found insufficient evidence of endogeneity in our panel data models. In addition, we estimate a spatial error model (SEM) to account for the unobserved spatial characteristics that may affect economic growth in the counties but are not captured by our conventional econometric models. Our results show that casinos had a positive effect on per capita income; casino expansions exerted a small, positive effect on both per capita income growth and job growth. However, the effect of casino expansions on 10‐year per capita income growth dissipated when we controlled for the spatial autocorrelation in our model. Nevertheless, the SEMs results also suggest that casino expansions continued to have a positive effect on the 2003–2012 job growth.