马尾松营养袋扦插繁殖及造林效果研究

选择马尾松5个速生单株C7、C12、C4、C15、C2，6个高产脂家系S16、S7、S11、S6、S15及1－15年生母株采穗开展营养袋扦插育苗试验，对马尾松速生单株中扦插成活率高的扦插苗进行造林并与实生苗对比。结果表明，马尾松速生单株C7、C4及C12营养袋扦插育苗成苗率高，扦插苗造林5年生时，其保存率、树高、胸径生长量均超过本地实生苗。马尾松高产脂家系S16、S11、S6、S15扦插成苗率均大于总体平均值，成活率在90％以上。马尾松扦插育苗存在年龄效应，以苗繁苗可明显提高扦插成活率。     

马尾松扦插育苗造林配套技术试验

马尾松扦插造林配套技术试验结果表明：选择优良家系建立采穗圃，采取去梢促萌措施，能使采穗母树平均产穗条２０８条／株；地膜覆盖可使扦插苗生根率提高到８９．７６％，比无地膜覆盖提高１３．４７％；采用切根扦插苗造林，其成活率可达９５．３３％；扦插苗造林比实生苗造林的幼林树高增加２９．６２％，地径增加２８．５７％；通过无性系选优的幼林，１．５年生平均树高达１．３３ｍ。     

马尾松扦插苗生长规律的初步研究

对马尾松无性系及家系扦插苗的观测研究结果表明：水培根系生长良好,侧根多且壮,须根发达;春扦１年生无性系扦插苗的主梢生长量只出现一个峰期（３￣４月）,下半年生长速率占全年生长速率的８５．９％,不同无性扦插苗生长速率的快慢有差异;高产脂家春插成活率比秋插高,在３０￣９５％之间,苗高和地径生长为２１．１ｃｍ和０．４ｃｍ,分别是秋播地的２．１１倍和１．２９倍。     

火炬松、湿地松、马尾松扦插苗造林试验及效果分析

对火炬松、湿地松、马尾松扦插苗造林成活率、幼林生长量、生物量、树冠结构与根系分布等性状的测试表明:3树种扦插苗造林的林木生长与实生苗造林一样,仍然显示速生高产的性状。其中马尾松对比试验表明,扦插苗的造林成活率、5年生林木树高、胸径、单株材积生长量比实生苗造林分别提高27 5%、14 1%、30 1%、85 7%。说明3树种利用扦插苗造林,发展短周期速生高产无性系林业是完全可行的。     

杉木不同来源的插穗扦插育苗研究

对杉木不同来源的插穗进行扦插育苗试验表明,初选无性系采穗圃母树根际萌条最好,家系苗次之,2年生幼林萌条较差,一般林分采伐迹地萌条最差;家系苗不同入选率建立采穗圃,培育的扦插苗生长量无显著差异。     

华北落叶松扦插育苗年龄效应和家系效应研究

华北落叶松扦插育苗中存在十分明显的年龄效应，采穗母株的年龄不仅影响插穗的扦插生根，而且影响扦插苗移栽时的生长，３．５ａ生、５．５ａ生母株混合扦插苗移栽后，当年苗高生长停止比１．５ａ生母株扦插苗早１８ｄ，苗高低５．４ｃｍ。家系效应也存在于华北落叶松扦插育苗中，家系间、家系内单株间生根率差异明显，控制授粉家系和优株的生根率变幅和变异系数较自由授粉家系和优株大，优株较家系大，华北落叶松无性育种应采取家系选择和单株选择并行的原则。     

杉木无性系扦插育苗试验初报

通过三年连续对杉木无生育系苗试验的实践，所采取的育苗技术是成功的。不同的无性系生长差异明显，用于杉木无性系育苗的穗条应是采穗圃的优良无性系的萌条。同时只限使用带顶芽的穗条，这样的穗条生根早、生长快，一般扦插后３５～４０天即生根抽新芽，且能直立生长，不偏冠。扦插的最佳季节为上年１１月至次年３月，成苗率达９０％，大部分达Ｉ，ＩＩ级苗，当年扦插当年能上山造林。     

马尾松扦插育苗技术及造林试验

对马尾松进行扦插育苗及造林试验,结果表明：采穗阑剪顶促萌时间以7月25日至8月10日为宜,剪顶高度以8cm为宜,可产合格穗条600万条／hm^2;培育扦插苗先于1999年12月15日至2000年1月15日在沙床寄插,然后于2000年3月20日至4月10日移栽到苗圃培育。2001年2月出圃时,平均苗高22．6cm,地径0．44cm.扦插苗造林5年生幼林的生长量与生物量均优于对照（实生大田苗造林）,幼林树高、当年高生长量、胸径、地径、冠幅、单株材积各项生长指标差异的趋势基本一致,即：扦插苗〉容器苗〉大田苗。     

杂种松扦插繁殖试验初报

通过近３年的杂种松扦插繁殖试验结果表明,选用黄泥心土基质、穗条采下后浸于５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的台化牌植物生根促进剂溶液或１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液各０．５ｈ或浸于１ｇ／ｋｇ多菌灵溶液０．５ｈ后蘸黄泥浆扦插等处理、在冬春季节光照充足的圃地、穗条长６～１４．５ｃｍ、顶端次生叶长５．５～１３ｃｍ等条件下扦插生根率高;并且在穗条、管理措施、扦插季节等条件合适的情况下,部分家系的扦插生根率较稳定,可达到７５％,最高达１００％。大规模扦插试验平均生根率达９１％。     

高产脂马尾松扦插繁殖技术研究

从1999年起进行了高产脂马尾松扦插育苗试验,结果表明：通过修剪诱发母株促萌技术,幼树插穗繁殖系数可达5～10倍;选用开始木质化或半木质化的枝条作插穗,以黄心土垫底,面层铺粉状细沙作扦插基质,于秋季扦插,且穗条经生根促进剂处理和合理的管理,插条扦插生根率可达92％以上。高产脂马尾松扦插繁殖技术可有效地应用于生产。     

Vegetative propagation of African Blackwood (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia melanoxylon</Emphasis> Guill. &; Perr.): effects of age of donor plant,IBA treatment and cutting position on rooting ability of stem cuttings

A study to determine the best vegetative propagation protocol was carried out for Dalbergia melanoxylon. Natural regeneration of D. melanoxylon is limited due to poor seed viability and germination. The effects of age of donor plant, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment and cutting position on rooting of stem cuttings were investigated. The effect of age of donor plant was significant (P < 0.001) only for percent rooting, position effect was significant for all studied parameters, and IBA treatment at 300 ppm was insignificant only for percent callusing. Interactive effects of cutting position × age of donor and cutting position × IBA treatment were significant for percent rooting and root number per cuttings while interactive effect of age × IBA was significant only for percent rooting. Observed difference in rooting performance could be due to uneven distribution of root promoting and inhibiting substances with respect to age of donor plant and IBA which intensified root formation. Cuttings from juvenile donor plant performed better in all rooting parameters than mature donor plant. The highest percentages in rooting were (71.11%) and (24.42%) for cuttings from juvenile and mature donor plants, respectively. IBA treated cuttings produced higher percentage rooting, number of roots and root length than untreated cuttings which revealed a strong IBA influence on rooting ability of stem cuttings in D. melanoxylon. It was concluded that stem cuttings should be taken from juvenile donor plants and basal cutting position should be used to produce high quality planting stock material for the afforestation and conservation programme of D. melanoxylon.     

Improvements in asexual multiplication procedures for jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

Various pre- and post- harvest factors wereinvestigated to refine asexual propagation proceduresfor jack pine (Pinus banksiana) usingproliferated dwarf shoot (PDS) cuttings. The factorsinvestigated included donor plant cultural treatments(growth conditions, fertility, pruning and coldtreatments) and application of auxins to cuttings topromote rooting. Production of PDS under greenhouseconditions was enhanced by pruning, fertilizerapplications and a cold treatment. Coldstorage of donor plants (2–6 weeks at 2°C)prior to cutting harvest, increased rootingfrequencies. After a 9-month seedling greenhousegrowing phase between 13 and 34 PDS cuttings could beharvested from a donor plant. Three pruningtreatments followed by successive harvests of the PDSdeveloping on the most distal 2 cm of the shootsresulted in the highest PDS yields. Optimal rootingwas obtained from donor plants grown in a greenhouseenvironment with relatively low fertilizerapplications (150 ppm N; 20-8-20 monthly). Rooting ofPDS cuttings ranged from 45–100%. Rootingfrequencies were highest with 5.4 mM NAA application. Implications of these results with respect tooperational asexual propagation of jack pine arediscussed.     

提高马尾松扦插繁殖成活率研究

采用沙床和容器2种方法进行马尾松扦插繁育试验,选取珍珠岩、河沙及河沙+黄心土+草木灰混合进行不同基质扦插对比,在母树下部、中部及上部采集穗条扦插比较,生根剂不同浓度及处理方法进行扦插,研究表明:①以河沙、黄心土、草木灰混合或珍珠岩为基质进行容器扦插培育马尾松无性苗,其成活率和成苗率高,扦插苗生长快,起苗容易,苗木根系损伤小,造林成活率得到保证;②马尾松穗条扦插存在位置效应,母树中上部穗条与下部穗条扦插成活率差异显著,中上部穗条扦插成活率达90%以上;③用低浓度生根剂处理插条后蘸取含有相应浓度生根剂泥浆扦插,能大幅度提高马尾松穗条扦插成活率。     

丘陵山地皂角嫩枝扦插试验

山皂角用种子繁殖易产生高矮不齐、径粗大小不匀的实生苗后代,而采用优良种源的插条进行扦插而育出的无性苗,能保持优良母株优良性状,苗木整齐度较好。采用优树穗材,用外源植物激素作为生根剂,扦插形成愈伤组织率达93.6%,生根率达到88.4%,获得了较好的育苗效果。     

马尾松扦插繁殖技术的研究

对马尾松进行扦插繁殖试验,结果表明,采取剪除1～2年生母株的全部当年生新梢促萌,主梢可提高繁殖系数20倍以上,侧枝提高4倍以上;用吲哚丁酸和自配混合促根水溶液处理插穗,可使1年生母株穗条扦插成活率由40%提高到80%以上,多年生母株穗条扦插成活率由20%提高到60%以上。并表现出明显的年龄效应。扦插苗的地径明显大于同级实生苗。其全株重量、根重和根长亦显著增大。同时受母株遗传性所制约。说明其具有较大的无性系选育潜力。     

半枫荷扦插技术研究

以生根剂类型、插穗选取部位、插穗长度、插穗直径等为试验因素,对半枫荷进行4因素3水平的扦插繁殖正交试验,研究不同因素、水平对半枫荷扦插繁殖的影响,以期为人工无性繁殖半枫荷提供依据。试验结果表明:生根剂类型、穗条选取部位、插穗长度、插穗直径均会影响半枫荷的扦插成活率,且影响序为:生根剂类型(A)>穗条选取部位(B)>插穗长度(C)>插穗直径(D)。选择采自半枫荷母树基部萌出的穗条制作成长度为6cm、直径0.5cm的插穗,并使用300mg·L-1的ABT生根剂溶液对插穗进行处理,扦插成活率可达91.11%。采用恶霉灵代替高锰酸钾对扦插基质进行杀菌消毒,扦插成活率可提升至93.33%。     

不同处理方式对柳杉扦插苗成活率的影响

采用随机区组设计和正交设计２种方法研究了不同浓度ＡＢＴ生根粉、不同处理时间和不同采穗部位对柳杉扦插苗成活率的影响。结果表明：采用ＡＢＴ生根粉处理可显著提高柳杉扦插苗成活率，以柳杉主梢穗条，采用浓度为２００×１０￣（－６）的ＡＢＴ生根粉处理１２小时为最佳组合。     

Effect of Genotype,Age and Treatment of Stock Plants on Propagation of Hybrid Aspen (Populus tremula×Populus tremuloides) by Root Cuttings

The ability of 1- and 2-yr-old stock plants of five hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.×Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones to produce root cuttings and sprout was studied. Different stock plant treatments designed to improve root mass production and rooting vigour of cuttings were also tested. The 2-yr-old stock plants produced significantly more cuttings than the 1-yr-olds, but the age of stock plants did not have a significant impact on the sprouting ability of cuttings. The stock plant treatments caused significant variation in sprouting of cuttings. The clones differed significantly in their ability to produce cuttings and to sprout, and in the time needed for sprouting. Variations in the studied characteristics indicate that genotype selection will be efficient and economically worthwhile in root cutting method. The root cutting method clearly results in more cuttings and sprouted aspen plants per stock plant than the stem cutting method.     

Effect of branch position and auxin treatment on clonal propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> Linn. f.

The main objective of our clonal propagation program is the production of high quality timber and faster tree growth. Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) is an important plantation species in the tropics but the demand of teak timber is increasing globally. Teak planting stock is still produced from seeds of unselected elite genotypes which may lead to poor stand establishment. The number of seeds per fruit and their germination ability are also variable and limited by several factors. Therefore an alternative method i.e., clonal propagation is required for mass multiplication of elite trees. It is an established fact that the clonal propagation or adventitious root formation in cuttings is markedly affected by several external and internal factors. Considering these, an experiment was conducted on leafy soft wood shoot cuttings of 3-year-old hedged teak stock plants grown in a hedge garden to study the effects of branch position and auxin treatment on adventitious root formation. A factorial completely randomized design was used for experimentation. Coppice shoots were collected from basal, middle and upper positions of the hedge garden; and mono-nodal leafy cuttings were prepared. These cuttings were treated with different concentrations of IBA and NAA; and were cultured in a mist chamber for rooting where the relative humidity was maintained at 85 ± 2% with maximum and minimum day-night temperature at 32 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C respectively. After 45 days the cuttings were removed from the rooting medium and observations were made. It was observed that the rooting parameters viz., percent rooting and percent sprouting, mean number of leaves, mean number of shoots and length, and mean number of roots and length per cutting were significantly influenced by the branch position and auxin treatment. Treatment with 4000 ppm IBA increased percent rooting and percent sprouting whereas NAA suppressed it. Treatment with 4000 ppm IBA also increased the mean number of leaves and shoots, and the length, and the mean number of roots per cutting. The highest mean number of roots and length were observed in cuttings taken from the branch emerging at the upper position followed by branches of middle and lower position. Cuttings of branches at a middle position showed the highest values of percent rooting, percent sprouting, mean number of leaves and shoots and mean shoot length per cutting. Furthermore, the interactive effect of branch position and auxin treatment on rooting and sprouting response was also found to be significant. Overall, the findings of this investigation suggest that middle branch position in hedge plants and 4000 ppm IBA can be made to induce maximum rooting and to produce high quality planting stock material for clonal forestry program of teak.     

Rooting and early shoot characteristics of Picea abies (L.) karst. cuttings originating from shoots with enforced vertical growth

Picea abies mother‐plants from 10 serially propagated clones (14 years old, chronologically) were treated in four different ways: (1) control with intact, non‐manipulated plants; (2) like (1) but with the leader cut off; (3) intact plants but with all branches of the upper two whorls forced to grow in a vertical way; and (4) like (3) but with the leader cut off. Cuttings from four positions (cutting‐types) on the mother‐plants were collected, rooted and evaluated for rooting %, number of main roots, number of lateral roots, plagiotrophy, needle symmetry on leader and growth of leader. Treatments 3 and 4 resulted in cuttings with more plagiotropic growth but with better rooting, more lateral roots and better growth than did cuttings from treatments 1 and 2. The genotype had a significant influence on rooting. Number of main roots was significantly influenced by the genotype and the cutting‐type, but not of the mother‐plant treatment. Symmetry of needles on the leader was fairly weakly influenced by genotype and cutting‐type yet not influenced by mother‐plant treatment. Clone effect was significant for leader growth.