HPLC法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素及利巴韦林可溶性粉含量

采用CLC—ODSC18色谱柱,乙腈—0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾(20∶80)为流动相,检测波长为207nm,HPLC外标法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素、利巴韦林可溶性粉中酒石酸泰乐菌素和利巴韦林含量,该法分离度大,专属性强,重复性好。     

HPLC法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素及利巴韦林可溶性粉含量

采用CLC－ODSC18色谱柱，乙腈－0．05mol/L磷酸二氢钾（20：80）为流动相，检测波长为207nm，HPLC外标法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素、利巴韦林可溶性粉中酒石酸泰乐菌素和利巴韦林含量，该法分离度大，专属性强，重复性好。     

孔雀石绿双波长叠加共振光散射光谱法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素含量

为了快速检测酒石酸泰乐菌素的含量,在pH值6.6 Clark-Lubs缓冲溶液条件下,孔雀石绿因构筑超分子聚集体而产生强力的共振光散射,酒石酸泰乐菌素能够与孔雀石绿阳离子发生反应,导致孔雀石绿所构筑的超分子聚集体分解,明显减弱了体系共振光散射强度,其最大的检测波长位于285 nm和332 nm。由于共振光强度(I)具有加和性,故将两个波长叠加来进行测定。酒石酸泰乐菌素的线性范围为0.2～0.6 mg/L,线性回归方程为I_RLS=5 299C-766.4,相关系数(R)为0.999 8,检测限为0.004 1 mg/L。研究表明,所建立的方法具备操作简便和灵敏度高等特点,可用于酒石酸泰乐菌素含量的测定。     

酒石酸泰乐菌素残留蛋白质检验方法的建立

酒石酸泰乐菌素是我国目前常用的一种兽用大环内酯类抗生素[1],亦称泰农、泰乐霉素,可由放线菌属弗氏链霉菌经发酵提取而得到,有泰乐菌素碱、磷酸盐和酒石酸盐3种形态。本文建立的酒石酸泰乐菌素残留蛋白质的检验方法适用于酒石酸泰乐菌素残留蛋白质的限度检测[9]。分析验证表明该方法准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于控制酒石酸泰乐菌素中残留蛋白质的检测。     

泰乐菌素的特点及应用

泰乐菌素是美国于1959年从弗氏链霉菌的培养液中获得的大环内酯类抗生素。该药为白色板状结晶,微溶于水,呈碱性。其产品有酒石酸盐、磷酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐及乳酸盐,易溶于水。水溶液在25℃、pH值5．5-7．5时可保留3个月,但是若水溶液中含有铁、铜金属离子时,会使本品失效。我国于1994年建成工业化泰乐菌素生产线,其产品酒石酸泰乐菌素、     

超高效液相色谱―串联质谱法检测猪肝中乙酰异戊酰泰乐菌素残留

本研究建立了猪肝中乙酰异戊酰泰乐菌素残留的超高效液相色谱―串联质谱检测方法(UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经EDTA-McIlvaine's缓冲液提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈―0.1％甲酸(7∶3,V/V)为流动相洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式电离,选择离子监测模式检测。结果表明,药物浓度与峰面积在5~2000 ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,对空白猪肝组织进行5~500 μg/kg的药物添加回收试验,经统计分析获得平均回收率约为84.9%~88.1%,批内变异系数为8.2％~15.1%,批间变异系数为14.7％~16.5%。本方法对乙酰异戊酰泰乐菌素的检测限为0.76 μg/kg,定量限为2.51 μg/kg,方法灵敏、准确,适用于猪肝脏中乙酰异戊酰泰乐菌素残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定奥芬达唑原料中的有关物质

用高效液相色谱法测定奥芬达唑原料中的有关物质,色谱柱为C 18柱,流动相为乙腈-2 g/L戊烷磺酸钠溶液(36∶ 64,V/V),用2.8%(V/V)的硫酸溶液调节pH值至2.7.流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为 254 nm.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定鸡蛋、牛奶和羊奶中泰乐菌素A残留的研究

建立了鸡蛋、牛奶和羊奶中泰乐菌素A残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法.样品经乙腈提取后,Prime HLB固相萃取柱净化,以0.1％甲酸水和乙腈为流动相,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,内标法定量.试验结果表明:泰乐菌素A在1～100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r大于0.99;在鸡蛋、牛奶和羊奶中的检测限为2 ng/...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中泰乐菌素的残留量

建立了鸡组织中泰乐菌素残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测方法,样品用甲醇(含2%氨水)提取,经C18固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液氮气吹干,残渣用甲醇:乙腈(20∶80,V/V)复溶,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,基质添加标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明泰乐菌素在5~1000μg/kg的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系。在鸡组织中中泰乐菌素的检测限为4μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。在10~200μg/kg添加浓度范围内,泰乐菌素在鸡组织中的回收率均在85.9%~110.4%之间,批内批间变异系数在1.2%~4.0%之间。该方法各项技术指标均能满足残留检测要求,且方法的重现性良好,满足国内外兽药残留相关法规规定。     

秦乐菌素对试管中鸡毒支原体的抑菌试验和对鸡体内鸡毒支原体病的治疗试验

利用酒石酸泰乐菌素在试管中对鸡毒支原体进行了抑菌试验和在鸡体内对人工诱发的鸡毒支原体病进行了治疗试验。结果表明 :酒石酸泰乐菌素能有效地抑制试管中鸡毒支原体的生长繁殖。当饮水中药物浓度达到250mg/L以上时 ,能提高感染鸡的成活率 ;当饮水中药物浓度达到500mg/L以上时能降低气囊损伤 ,对提高鸡体增重也有一定的作用 ;当浓度达到1000mg/L时 ,则部分治疗的感染鸡体内检测不到鸡毒支原体抗体。国产酒石酸泰乐菌素作用与进口酒石酸泰乐菌素相接近     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.