柑桔溃疡病的根除与防治

柑桔溃疡病的根除与防治袁承东（贵州省黔南州植保植检站都匀５５８０００）沈仲宁（贵州省植保站贵阳５５０００１）柑桔溃疡病是对柑桔业威胁极大的一种细菌性病害，正威胁着全球三分之一产区的柑桔，在亚洲尤为普遍，被世界上３０多个国家和地区列为植物检疫对象，销毁...     

柑桔溃疡病的抗性遗传与育种

柑桔溃疡病是我国的检疫性病害,也是世界上危害柑桔的最重要的病害之一。尽管有关国家曾耗费大量人力、财力,企图扑灭此病,但最终依然无法根治,局部地区仍有蔓延趋势。因此,对于柑桔溃疡病。除了采取严格的检疫措施之外,抗性育种是防治的根本途径。     

柑桔溃疡病生物防治研究进展

柑桔溃疡病是由地毯黄单胞杆菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri. Xac)引起的危害全球柑桔的重要病害。生物防治以其高效、安全、环保受到柑桔溃疡病防控研究工作者们的青睐。从基因工程技术、生物拮抗菌及噬菌体技术等方面综述了柑桔溃疡病生物防治的研究进展。     

枳种籽传布柑桔溃疡病病例报道

柑桔溃疡病是由Xanthomonas Citri(Hasse)Dowso所致的一种细菌性病害。因其危害严重,传染迅速,顽固难防,对柑桔业威胁极大,已被30多个国家和地区定为植物检疫对象。据报道,此病现已不同程度发生于广东、广西、福建、湖南、湖北、江西、浙江、江苏、上海、云南、贵州、四川、台湾等省(市)、自治区的部分柑桔产区,危及我国柑桔的安全。半个多世纪以     

柑桔溃疡病发生规律及防治

柑桔溃疡病发生规律及防治冯三弟，郑忠明，泮新康（浙江省仙居县植物检疫站３１７３００）（仙居县横溪林业工作站）柑桔溃疡病属国家植物检疫病害。本县横溪、白塔、湫山等乡镇已有零星发现，个别胡柚园发病较严重。为探索柑桔溃疡病在本地的发生规律、及寻找有效的防治...     

柑桔防病栽培措施探讨

柑桔黄龙病和柑桔溃疡病已给我国的柑桔生产造成了极大损失，随着全球气候变暖和检疫制度的不健全，柑桔黄龙病在不断北移；柑桔溃疡病肆意扩散蔓延，我国无溃疡病的柑桔产地所剩无几。除了国家已确定的柑桔检疫病害外，还有一些尚未列入检疫对象的柑桔病毒病(包括类似病毒病，以下同)，如柑桔裂皮病、碎叶病与温州蜜柑萎缩病已在各柑桔产区广泛流行。近年来沿海地区从日本和我国台     

柑桔溃疡病高效防治技术研究简报

柑桔溃疡病是由甘蓝黄单胞杆菌柑桔致病变种Xanthomonas campestris pv.citri(Hasse)Dye所致的一种细菌性病害,能侵害桔、橙、柚等芸香科植物。植株患病后,引起落叶落果,造成树势衰败、产量降低、品质变劣。由于此病传播途径广,传染迅速,顽固难防,被三十多个国家和地区列为植物检疫对象,严禁输入和输出。     

用热水间歇处理法消除柑桔苗溃疡病

柑桔溃疡病是湛江垦区柑桔的普遍而严重的病害,对柑桔的产量和质量有较大的影响。每年柑桔树抽梢期和幼果期都要喷药保护,防治溃疡病的费用,约占整个防治病虫害费用的20％。 为防治柑桔溃疡病和建立无溃疡病柑桔新区,对带有溃疡病的柑桔苗进行热水间歇处理。处理前     

柑桔溃疡病的生物防治试验

柑桔溃疡病是日本晚生柑桔和甜橙类的最大病害,为了防治这种病害,日本的有关人员曾作了极大的努力,但至今还没有找到根本的解决办法。现在防治溃疡病所使用的药剂,主要是     

柑桔溃疡病发生规律及综防措施

柑桔溃疡病是近年来柑桔生产中遇到的常见主要病害之一,给柑桔生产造成了极大的经济损失。总结阐述该病害危害症状、发病规律,提出了综合防治措施。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量