松阳县大木山骑行茶园公路粉尘对茶和表土铅等10种元素含量的影响

在浙江省松阳县大木山骑行茶园风景区一段车流量大的公路,选200 m路段路边种植3m高小松树作为绿篱,从绿篱向着茶园深处500 m为绿篱区;相连的200m路段不种绿篱,从其路边向茶园500m为CK区.种植绿篱前和种后1.5年,采集一芽一叶嫩梢、成叶、表土,检测铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、镁、锰、钠、镍和锌元素含量.结果表明:①无论绿篱区还是CK区,种植绿篱前、后,距路边0、100、200、300、400和500 m处,茶树嫩梢、成叶和表土的铅等10种元素含量皆没有明显改变,比如绿篱区内,种绿篱之前距路边0、100、200、300、400和500 m的一芽一叶嫩梢、成叶和表土的铅含量范围分别为0.24～0.5 mg· kg-1、0.46～2.16mg· kg-1、25.1～34.6 mg· kg-1,种植绿篱1.5年之后,则分别为0.26～0.52 mg·kg-1、0.44～2.26mg· kg-1、26.2～34.1mg· kg-1;②铅、砷、铬、锰在嫩梢中含量明显小于在成叶中含量,铜、镁、锌、镍在嫩梢中含量明显大于在成叶中含量,这是茶树正常生理现象.分析认为:现阶段的大木山骑行茶园中,公路粉尘对于茶叶和茶园表土中铅等10种元素含量的影响可忽略.     

云南部分古茶园土壤重金属元素的监测与评价

对10个云南古茶园(种植年限为百年、数百年甚至千年)50个土壤样品的金属元素As、Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn和Se的含量进行测定,研究其分布特征和变化规律,并用污染指数方法评价其土壤环境质量.结果表明:云南古茶园土壤Fe和Mn含量较高,Se含量较低,Pb(10.7～33.5 mg/kg),Hg(0.030～0.148 mg/kg),Cd (0.033～0.120 mg/kg),Zn (21.4～87.3 mg/kg)均达到国家土壤环境质量一级标准;Cr(15.4～98.5 mg/kg),As(12.2～33.1 mg/kg),Cu(13.6～43.4 mg/kg)均达到国家土壤环境质量二级标准.根据土壤环境质量二级标准评价古茶园土壤重金属综合污染状况,所有古茶园综合污染指数小于0.7,表明古茶区土壤属于清洁水平,未受重金属污染,满足有机茶园环境条件,适合建设有机茶园.     

不同施肥模式对茶树新梢氟含量及其品质成分的影响

为明确不同施肥模式对茶叶氟含量和品质的影响，探究适合茶园降氟和改善茶叶品质的方法，以福鼎大白茶为试验材料，通过田间施肥、施用土壤调理剂、喷施微生物菌剂的不同组合试验，考察不同施肥处理土壤理化性质，以及7月、8月茶树一芽三叶和一芽五叶的氟含量，并对其品质成分进行对比。结果表明，4种施肥模式以降低土壤水溶态氟含量及提高茶树新梢持嫩度的方式有效降低茶树新梢氟含量，但降氟的程度不同；其中T4处理（每667 m2施茶树专用肥160 kg+土壤调理剂60 kg+3次叶面喷施微生物菌剂）对茶树新梢降氟效果最好，7月、8月一芽五叶的氟含量相对于CK分别降低了85.76 mg/kg、173.66 mg/kg；此外，T4处理整体上（除8月31日一芽五叶）可以促进水浸出物、茶多酚等茶叶品质成分的积累。综合考虑茶树新梢的氟含量以及茶叶品质，T4处理表现最优。     

广西梧州六堡茶产区土壤硒含量及其与茶叶中硒的相关性分析

采集广西梧州市六堡茶产区茶园土壤样品和对应茶鲜叶样品进行检测与分析,探讨茶园土壤硒含量及其与茶叶中硒含量的相关性.结果表明,各试验茶园土壤pH平均值为4.0～6.5;土壤全硒平均含量为2.28 mg/kg,远高于富硒茶园的土壤标准;茶园土壤剖面中各土层之间全硒含量在1.85～1.95 mg/kg,土层之间没有显著差异;各茶园茶叶中全硒平均含量为0.66 mg/kg,枝条中全硒平均含量为0.58 mg/kg;茶鲜叶、茶树枝条与土壤全硒含量均呈现极显著正相关.     

山地茶园化肥合理配施的探讨

山区茶园由于优越的自然环境,形成茶叶具有“香高味浓”的优良品质特点,备受消费者青睐,茶叶生产成为山区脱贫致富的一条途径。但是,山区也受其自身条件的限制,广种薄收现象较为普遍。虽然随着科学技术的普及,增施化肥已成为一项基本的生产措施,但由于山区茶园土壤淋溶现象较严重,导致土壤中茶树所需营养元素失衡,特别是磷、钾元素的亏缺,在一定程度上制约了山区茶园的高产和优质。为了从施肥上改善山区茶园土壤的营养状况,笔者于1992～1993年对山地梯级茶园的化肥配施问题开展了试验,以期提出山区茶园施用氮、磷、钾肥的合适配比。 一、试验方法 试验地点设在浙江省遂昌县牛头山林场油茶试验场的山地梯级茶园,茶树品种为成年期的鸠坑种,树高1.2m,树幅1.5m;茶园土壤为红松泥土,表土呈黄棕色,心底土为淡红色或淡棕色,土层疏松,保水保肥性较强,但抗蚀性不强,有机质含量低,缺磷少钾,据测定,有机质含量1.99％,全氮0.078％,全磷0.023％,速效磷2mg/kg,速效钾96mg/kg,pH5.4。     

镍矿区周边不同距离玉米农田的重金属污染及转移规律

以吉林省镍矿区作为污染中心,调查周边1～5 km不同距离玉米农田中铬、镍、镉、砷和铅共5种重金属的含量及其在玉米体内的蓄积量和分配规律,为合理评价重金属污染状况及制定治理措施提供借鉴和参考。结果表明,镍矿区周边不同距离农田中,镍、镉含量超标1.3至8.9倍,砷含量接近标准上限,铬、铅不超标;在漂移性方面,镍和镉较弱,而砷、铬和铅较强。重金属含量高的农田,玉米子粒生物量呈显著下降趋势,降幅可达15.8%～31.7%。玉米对镍、铬和砷的富集量较多,对镉和铅的富集量较少,且倾向于砷、铬富集于子粒,镍、镉、铅富集于营养器官。吉林省镍矿区周边不同距离农田重金属污染和转移规律存在显著差异,玉米适合做镍的修复植物,在砷或铬含量高地区不宜种植食用玉米。     

甘薯品种在不同土壤环境下的富集能力的比较

为比较甘薯在不同土壤重金属环境下的富集能力的差异,以广87、普薯32、金山57、苏薯16等4个甘薯品种为供试材料,采用小区试验,研究4个甘薯品种在铅(以下简称Pb)含量不同的土壤环境下种植后对Pb的富集能力大小。结果表明:4个甘薯品种在不同Pb含量试验田种植,其生长及产量未受到明显影响。甘薯不同器官对Pb的累积能力为须根鲜样最高,Pb含量为0.178～2.90 mg/kg;块根最低,Pb含量为0.019～0.179 mg/kg。不同甘薯品种对Pb的吸收能力差异较大,广薯87最强(3.298 mg/kg),苏薯16最弱(1.525 mg/kg)。     

树仔菜嫩梢和叶片中多种元素含量变化的生理分析

分别测定了树仔菜嫩梢和叶片样品中钾、钙、镁、铜、锰、锌、铁、镍、铅、铬、镉等元素的含量,探讨各个元素含量变化的生理规律,以及对植物生长和产品质量的影响。结果表明：钾元素含量的分布规律表现为嫩梢＞嫩叶片＞老叶片,钙、镁、锰、铁、镉元素含量分布规律表现为嫩梢＜嫩叶片＜老叶片,铜、锌、铅、铬、镍元素含量则变化不大。在产品质量安全方面,所测试的铅、镉、铬、镍重金属元素的含量均未超过相关的国家标准或文献报告值。此外,研究发现,树仔菜嫩梢样品中元素含量的测定结果较为稳定,随机抽样可以体现出良好的样品代表性,因此建议将     

砷胁迫下磷用量对不同磷效率水稻苗生长、磷和砷吸收的影响

 通过盆栽试验研究了苗期砷胁迫下磷用量对磷高效水稻99011和磷低效水稻99056生长以及对P、As吸收的影响。试验设3个磷水平（0、30、150 mg/kg）和5个砷水平（0、25、50、100、200 mg/kg）。结果表明,苗期施砷显著增加了两个水稻品种地上部及地下部砷的含量,降低了两个水稻品种的株高、分蘖数、地上部及地下部干质量;施磷不但促进了两个水稻品种的生长,而且还增加了根系对砷的吸收量。当土壤砷浓度为25 mg/kg和50 mg/kg时,施用30 mg/kg磷抑制了两个水稻品种砷向地上部的转移,但施用150 mg/kg磷却促进了砷向地上部的转移。相同的处理,磷高效水稻99011地上部干质量和根干质量均显著高于磷低效水稻99056。施砷后,在30 mg/kg磷水平上磷低效水稻99056的砷转移系数最低。     

永春县低丘农田茶园土壤养分变化情况分析研究

农田茶园土壤pH值低,平均值4.3,其中低于4.5的占72.2%。有机质含量低于20 g/㎏的占70.1%;土壤速效磷含量很高,平均值为159.8 mg/kg;其中低于25rng/kg的占3.4%;速效钾含量平均值为25.0mg/㎏,低于25.0mg/㎏的土样占72.6%;有效镁含量范围为平均含量为38.8mg/kg,低于50.0mg/kg的占58.6%;有效锌含量范围为3.1-66.2mg/kg;有效铜含量范围为1.6-12.3mg/kg;有效铁含量范围为26.3-423.9mg/kg;有效锰含量范围为3.9-203.8mg/kg。农田茶园土壤pH值较低,氧化还原电位较低,因而锌、铜、铁有效性较强;而酸性强的土壤镁有效性低。各茶园土壤养分含量变幅较大,建议按测土的土壤养分丰缺状况进行合理施肥。     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

我国发展能源油料作物的策略分析

分析了国内外植物油脂的供需形势、我国耕地和边际地利用潜力、油脂植物资源的种属分布特点等,提出发展我国能源油料作物和生物柴油产业的3点建议：加大对边际地、油脂植物资源的调查等基础平台性研究,为政府决策和产业服务;加强产学研结合,形成研究、推广、产业的良性循环;制定能源植物推广应用优惠政策、推动能源油料作物生产发展。     

玉米耐盐性研究进展

综述了玉米耐盐生理机制和耐盐育种的研究进展。     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…