利用秸秆发酵饲料的六点经验体会

笔者在基层从事秸秆发酵技术推广中,切身体会到秸秆发酵饲料是农村养殖业饲料资源开发的重要途径。秸秆经过发酵处理后,适口性增加,提高了消化率。但对秸秆发酵饲料的制作和利用一定要讲究科学的方式方法。     

玉米秸秆发酵饲料调制技术

玉米是黄陵县种植的主要农作物之一,玉米秸秆资源相当丰富,但收获后的玉米秸秆养分较低、质地粗糙、适口性差。玉米秸秆发酵可有效提高其营养价值,改善其适口性,因而制作玉米秸秆发酵饲料是开发玉米秸秆资源、解决畜牧业饲料不足的有效途径之一。本文综述了玉米秸秆的营养价值、发酵作用机理,并分析了玉米秸秆发酵饲料的制作过程、发酵饲料品质鉴定和饲喂方法,以期为科学有效地利用玉米秸秆并充分发挥其利用效益提供参考。     

对发酵饲料、中药饲料等禁抗替代产品研制的研究

文章分析禁抗替代产品研制的背景,禁抗替代产品发酵饲料、中药饲料及中药饲料添加剂研制现状以及开发前景,发酵饲料的产品分类、发酵菌种及制作工艺和设备要求。中药处方药是中药饲料添加剂制作来源,制作中药渣发酵饲料是对中药渣资源化利用主要途径。重点介绍了防治仔猪腹泻白头翁汤饲料添加剂配比来源和治疗试验,试验表明:15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂对仔猪腹泻治愈率90.0%、平均治愈天数3.6 d,较氧氟沙星对照组治愈率94.0%、平均治愈天数2.8 d,较白头翁汤处方药组治愈率92.0%、平均治愈天数3.3 d,3组差异不显著(P0.05),15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂可以取替抗菌素和中药处方药。禁抗时代的到来,对从业人员提出了对发酵饲料、中药饲料添加剂知识更新更高的要求。     

发酵饲料在养猪生产中的应用

随着畜禽养殖业的发展和饲料原料的短缺,新型饲料资源的开发越来越重要。发酵饲料的开发和应用有助于缓解饲料短缺问题,同时有助于生态的循环健康发展。本文阐述了发酵饲料的优点、发酵特性、发酵工艺及其在养猪生产中的应用情况,以期为发酵饲料在养猪业中的应用提供参考。     

地源性发酵饲料及其在养猪生产中的应用研究

随着畜禽养殖业的发展及饲料原料短缺问题的日益严重,开发新型饲料资源已成为当前迫切需要解决的问题。地源性发酵饲料的开发与应用有助于缓解饲料紧缺问题,实现生态循环健康发展。本文综述了地源性发酵饲料开发的意义、其发酵特点、发酵工艺及在养猪生产上的应用进展,对促进地源性发酵饲料的推广应用,提高饲料价值的同时,减少环境污染,为生态养殖业提供参考。     

发酵饲料的特点及应用

近年来,随着发酵饲料技术的不断发展,发酵饲料在畜禽、水产养殖业中的应用越来越受关注。采用微生物发酵技术处理饲料资源,既符合绿色健康养殖的发展理念,也在一定程度上扩展了饲料的来源,缓解了我国饲料资源的供需矛盾。为此,本文介绍了发酵饲料的特点和应用效果;指出了其在生产中存在的问题:未形成标准化的发酵工艺,缺乏质量安全监测的行业标准,发酵饲料不易保存;提出了相应的对策:建立标准化的发酵工艺,建立国家标准的质量安全监测系统,开发发酵饲料保存技术。     

微生物在饲料和饲料资源开发中的应用

正随着生物技术的发展,微生物资源得到不断地开发。在饲料领域也得到了高度认可和广泛应用,形成了以基因工程、蛋白质工程、发酵工程等高新技术为手段,利用微生物发酵工程开发的新型饲料添加剂行业;以微生物发酵技术同传统固体发酵技术相结合形成的固体发酵饲料行业。达到节约粮食、减缓人畜争粮、为饲料开源节流的目的。在添加剂领域,围绕微生物资源,     

生物饲料研究应用进展

生物饲料是通过发酵工程、酶工程、蛋白质工程和基因工程等生物工程技术开发的饲料产品,具有营养价值高、适口性好、可提高饲料利用率、替代抗生素、提高畜禽健康水平、改善畜产品品质、改善养殖环境等功能特点.文章综述了生物发酵饲料的种类、作用机理、发酵菌种、发酵原料资源及其在动物生产中的应用现状和存在的问题,为深入研究和开发应用提...     

糖化蛋白饲料的制作与利用

安徽省一读者来电询问有关糖化蛋白饲料的制作和应用技术．现请专家系统介绍如下： 一、糖化饲料和糖化蛋白饲料的区别 1．糖化饲料：糖化饲料是将饲料原料如作物秸秆粉、作物籽实磨碎的面或糠麸等,在人工控制下通过自然发酵或加曲发酵．得到的适口性良好且具有甜、酸、香味的发酵饲料。     

固态发酵饲料研究进展

我国是农业大国,畜牧业在我国经济发展中占有很大比重。但我国畜牧业的发展受饲料资源以及畜产品安全的影响。固态发酵饲料是一种应用广泛的新型饲料,现代固态发酵技术在开发新型饲料资源、改善动物营养条件及动物健康等方面的研究中都有广阔的应用前景。文章就固态发酵的技术进行综述,阐述发酵培养基、发酵条件等对发酵结果的重要作用。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.