河蟹亲蟹促熟培育中纤毛虫病的诊断与防治

通过几种药物对蟹栖拟阿脑虫的敏感性试验及其对河蟹亲蟹毒性的定性分析,确定苯扎溴铵25～30×10－6、福尔马林20～25×10－6、孔雀石绿＋福尔马林（0．05＋20）×10-6为防治河蟹亲蟹纤毛虫病的最佳药物浓度。记述了河蟹亲蟹纤毛虫病的病原体、症状及病因,确立了防治该病的方法。     

河蟹亲蟹的越冬饲养

河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲蟹的越冬成活率及抱卵量是直接影响当年生产和成本的因素。我们于1994～1995年在赣榆县榆城育苗场进行河蟹人工育苗,将购进的1500公斤雌蟹(共12000只)经交配促产后,散养于3个室外土池(面积共3600多平方米)中越冬,采苗获得抱卵亲蟹11031只,越冬成活率为91:9％,每只抱卵亲蟹的平均采苗量为26万只,育苗取得成功。现将亲蟹越冬饲养技术总结如下。     

提高抱卵亲蟹越冬成活率的几项技术措施

中华绒螫蟹(河蟹)春季早期育苗生产所用亲蟹，一般在上年的深秋或初冬交配抱卵。提高其抱卵率和越冬成活率，获得质优量足的抱卵亲蟹，足整个育苗生产顺利进行的基础，应把亲蟹的越冬培育作为首要管理工作抓早抓好。     

对亲蟹培育几个问题的探讨

对亲蟹培育几个问题的探讨葛立军（锦州盐场水产养殖场１２ｌ０００）关键词：亲蟹，培育，越冬管理总结近几年河蟹育苗出现的一些问题，很多是与亲蟹培育有密切关系，亲蟹培育的重要性在河蟹育苗中越来越明显。所谓亲蟹培育是指把性未成熟的黄蟹培育成性成熟的绿蟹。这段...     

中华绒螯蟹亲蟹选择方法的探讨

对长江水系中华绒螯蟹亲蟹选择的性状进行了分析,建议选用种质特征明显的亲蟹,如选用在长江中自然生长的或在草型湖泊人工饲养的大规格亲蟹,也可引进“侨居”海外的中华绒螯蟹作亲蟹,以提高亲蟹的种质质量。     

梭子蟹亲蟹的越冬管理

一、亲蟹的选择及入池时间 选择体壮、体表无伤、无附着杂藻、附肢齐全、个体重 250g以上的雌蟹为亲蟹。11月中下旬入池。越冬亲蟹无需捆住螯足。     

长江蟹在环渤海地区抱卵越冬若干问题

<正> 近几年,长江蟹北移环渤海沿岸,抱卵越冬后作亲蟹,春天大批量返供苗种,有力地促进了长江流域河蟹养殖业的发展。对在抱卵及越冬中发现的问题,我们进行了深入探究,并采取了积极对策,确保了亲蟹抱卵质量,越冬成活率也得以提高。     

北部沿海人工繁殖长江蟹试验

首次在北部沿海进行了长江蟹人工繁殖试验,报告了亲蟹促产,越冬培育,饵料投喂,水质管理,幼体孵化,幼体培育等全套工艺流程,交配抱卵率达８１％,越冬成活率８４．６％,大眼幼体育成率２２．５％,认为长江蟹,黄河蟹幼体培育方法一致,培养结果,育成率无显著差异,但越冬水深应保持１．５ｍ以上,亲蟹须先进行１５￣２０天强化培育。     

中华绒螯蟹晚苗人工育苗试验

中华绒蟹蟹 (Eriocheir Sinensis)又名为河蟹，富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物及各种矿物质和维生素，是长江水域中名贵的甲壳类动物。近年来，由于河蟹养殖业的迅速发展，仅靠长江水域中的天然蟹苗和常规人工育苗方式所生产的蟹苗已不能满足生产的需要了。为此，我们于 1999年 5～ 6月进行了配制海水中的河蟹晚苗人工繁殖试验。现报道如下。 1材料 1.1亲蟹 试验所用亲蟹均于 1998年底购进的长江水系天然河蟹，共 130只，规格为 90～ 150克 /只，其中雌蟹 90只；雄蟹 40只。所选用的亲蟹体格健壮，无伤病。经越冬及强化培育后备用。 1.2育苗…     

室外土池河蟹亲蟹人工越冬技术

<正> 河蟹人工育苗在我省已大面积开展,由于亲蟹来源不足,给育苗工作带来了很大的困难。经过几年的,生产实践,我们逐步摸索出一套在室外土池利用自然海水进行亲蟹人工越冬的技术。1986、1987、1993年的越冬成活率分别为80％、85％、95％;抱印率分别为85％、85％、100％,且卵量均在30～40万粒以上 1 越冬池的建设越冬池需靠近海水源.进排水方便,海水盐度10～30.水质无污染。越冬池四周加防逃设施,材料可用石棉瓦或砖墙,高度应高出地面50cm以上,且内表面光滑,拐弯处应建成钝角,防止河蟹攀缘外逃。越冬池水深要求1.5m以上,冬季冻层下至少应保持0.6m以上的水层。     

河蟹溞状幼体培育期使用孔雀石绿杀灭聚缩虫的试验

孔雀石绿对河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的48小时半数致死浓度Ⅰ期幼体为1.89ppm,V期幼体为7.45ppm。在河蟹工厂化育苗中如果发生聚缩虫感染,可采用孔雀石绿1ppm浓度全池泼洒、10～12小时内排出药液水、技入新水的方法杀灭聚缩虫,不会影响河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的变态发育。     

The Toxicity of Erythromycin, Minocycline, Malachite Green, and Formalin to Nauplii of the Shrimp Penaeus stylirostris

The toxicities of erythromycin, minocycline, malachite green, and formalin to nauplii of the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris were determined in a static bioassay. Toxicity was assessed on the basis of survival of nauplii after 12 and 24 hours of exposure to the compounds and metamorphosis of the nauplii to protozwa. The results suggested that metamorphosis to protozoea is more susceptible to toxic effects than is naupliar survival. Metamorphosis was either reduced or completely inhibited by lower concentrations of erythromycin, minocycline, and malachite green than was naupliar survival at 12 or 24 hours. Metamorphosis was either reduced or completely inhibited by erythromycin, minocycline, malachite green, and formalin concentrations of 80, 100, 0.08, and 27 mg/ L, respectively. Toxic effects were not observed at erythromycin, minocycline, malachite green, and formalin concentrations of 16, 62.5, 0.016, and 2.7 mg/L, respectively. The results suggest that formalin may be toxic at therapeutic levels frequently recommended for post larvae and older penaeids, but that erythromycin, minocycline and malachite green are not.     

船体网箱饲养的鲤鱼水霉病发病条件及防治药物筛选

本文研究了水霉病的发病条件，病原分离和防治药物，结果表明：水霉病主要发生在１￣４月份，水温和机械损伤是水霉病发生的主要条件，孔雀石绿对水霉菌抑菌，杀菌效果最佳，其安全浓度为０．１３ｐｐｍ。生产中与甲醛，敌百虫和食盐结合使用，效果更佳。     

大西洋鲑稚鱼（Oncorhynchus solar）小瓜虫病（Lchthyophthirius filiis）的防治试验

给大西洋鲑稚鱼造成直接危害是小瓜虫的营养体，用500ppm的36%甲醛溶液和5ppm的孔雀石绿药浴30分钟，每隔2天进行一次药浴，连续三次，取得100%杀灭寄生于体表与鳍条上小瓜虫，建议预防性用药浓度250ppm福尔马林，2ppm孔雀石绿止水消毒60分钟，每隔15天对稚鱼进行预防性消毒，避免造成稚鱼批量死亡的后果，特别注意在雨天过后，即开始进行预防性消毒，将会取得事半功倍的效果。     

An in vitro method for testing synergistic action of parasiticides using malachite green and formalin as a model system

Abstract. An in vitro technique was developed to screen drugs for toxicity to laboratory cultured protozoans. Drugs were diluted using standard microtitration equipment. An easily cultured protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis , was added to the dilutions of drugs and viability was checked daily for 10 days. Drugs used as a model system to test the technique were formalin and malachite green. Effective concentrations of formalin determined by this in vitro technique were close to recommended therapeutic treatment levels for Ichthyophthirius . Malachite green was effective at concentrations in excess of recommended therapeutic treatment levels for Ichthyophthirius . The synergistic effect of formalin and malachite green was demonstrated. This technique can he of use in determining effectiveness of new drugs as parasiticides.     

河蟹盖虫病的防治研究

对成蟹养殖期,附着于成蟹体表的盖虫进行了形态学观察及其分类学鉴定,并做了不同药物的防治实验,其结果表明,７．５ｍｇ／ＬＺｎＳｏ４、６ｍｇ／Ｌ－１２ｍｇ／Ｌ蟹安、０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ孔雀石及３０ｍｇ／Ｌ福尔马林对盖虫有较强的杀伤效果。     

The effects of malachite green upon proliferative kidney disease

Abstract. When rainbow trout infected with proliferative kidney disease (PKD) held in the laboratory were treated with malachite green and formalin to cure ichthyophthiriasis it was observed that subsequent development of PKD was delayed. Experiments are reported which indicate that this was due to the malachite green treatment. The possible use of malachite green in the treatment of PKD, tissue levels of malachite green achieved during treatments and the toxicity risks from multiple dose therapy with malachite green are discussed.     

Evaluation of the secondary stress response in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) after treatment with a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue

To determine the effects of exposure to a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue (FMC) on the secondary stress indices, changes in glucose, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and haematocrit were monitored in healthy Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Fish were exposed separately to varying concentrations of a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue (0.1, 0.5 and 1 p.p.m.) for 1, 10 and 60 min. In general, treatment of fish with FMC elicited marked elevations of plasma glucose. Plasma phosphorus levels dropped after FMC treatment. In fish exposed to FMC, calcium levels in general were lower than those of the controls. Magnesium levels were not influenced by FMC treatment. Plasma sodium and potassium levels showed an unclear pattern for differing FMC concentrations and exposure times. Haematocrit values were affected by FMC treatment.     

Acclimation of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., to the stress of daily exposure to malachite green

Exposure of brown trout to a single dose of malachite green (2.27 ppm) caused a significant elevation of blood cortisol levels within 1 h. After 4 weeks of daily exposure to malachite green, however, this stress response was totally abolished. Daily treatment had no long-term effects on basal plasma cortisol levels, or on the numbers of circulating erythrocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Blood neutrophil numbers were significantly reduced in malachite green-treated fish, an effect thought to be due to a decreased ectoparasitic load.     

Toxicity of malachite green to cultured american lobster larvae

Malachite green has been used to control fungal and epibiotic infestations of larval lobsters. The concentration of malachite green and the exposure period are critical to survival. The effects of increasing concentrations and exposure periods show survival to be adversely effected with treatments above 8 ppm for 16 min and above 20 ppm for 8 min administered every other day throughout the larval period. Development of the larvae is retarded with increasing treatment levels. Survivors of high treatment levels show no immediate post-treatment effects.