稻谷薄层干燥特性及工艺研究

利用干燥速率曲线测定装置研究了不同热风温度、初始水分和热风风量对薄层干燥速率的影响,根据干燥情况绘制出干燥速率曲线,并拟合出稻谷薄层干燥方程,并测定干燥前后稻谷爆腰率、发芽率、脂肪酸值以及粘度的变化情况.单因素试验结果表明:随着热风温度升高,干燥速率增大;随着热风风量增加,干燥速率增大.正交试验结果表明:当干燥条件为温...     

逆流式谷物干燥机性能的研究

分析了逆流式谷物干燥机的性能。介绍了风量、热风温度、初水分和谷层厚度对逆流式谷物干燥机性能的影响。表明,在一定风量和热风温度条件下有一个最佳谷层厚度,超过该厚度干燥效率将降低。为了减少能耗和提高干燥效率,研究得出不同条件下所需风量和热风温度的最佳值,这些数据可供设计和改进逆流式谷物干燥机时的参考。     

火龙果热风联合变温压差膨化干燥工艺优化

采用响应面方法优化火龙果热风联合变温压差膨化干燥工艺,分析预干燥含水率、膨化温度、抽空温度3个因素对火龙果膨化产品色泽、硬度、脆度和复水比的影响。采用因子分析法确定指标的权重,通过综合评分得到火龙果热风联合变温压差膨化干燥的最佳工艺参数范围。结果表明,预干燥含水率、膨化温度、抽空温度3个因素对产品的色泽、硬度、脆度和复水比均影响显著。火龙果热风联合变温压差膨化干燥的最佳工艺参数范围为预干燥含水率10.23%~20.56%,膨化温度90.68~100.23℃,抽空温度55.69~65.23℃。     

不同干燥条件对稻谷的降水和品质的影响

利用洞道式(厢式)干燥机,用不同的干燥温度和风量对稻谷进行干燥,绘制得出干燥速率曲线,并测定了干燥前后的爆腰率、出糙率、脂肪酸值的变化情况.结果表明:热风温度高的试验中的稻谷降水率要高于热风温度低的试验;风量大的试验中的稻谷降水率要高于热风风量低的试验;稻谷的平均干燥速率总的趋势随着热风温度的提高而增大;随着热风干燥温度的提高,稻谷的爆腰率有比较明显的增大趋势,脂肪酸值随热风温度波动变化,出糙率随热风温度呈波动变化.     

银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺优化的研究

【研究目的】优化银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺。【方法】以银耳的收缩率、复水比、感官质量以及单位能耗为评价指标,研究热风温度、转换水分含量及微波强度等因素对银耳品质以及干燥能耗的影响;并将较佳的热风-微波真空联合干燥工艺与热风干燥以及微波真空干燥进行比较。【结果】采用前期热风温度70℃,转换水分含量30%,后期微波强度5 W/g的干燥工艺参数,可获得品质较佳的银耳干品,且单位能耗最低,接近于微波真空干燥所需能耗。【结论】热风-微波真空联合干燥可极大地改善银耳干品品质及降低干燥能耗;优化后的工艺参数可为银耳热风-微波真空联合干燥技术的工业化应用提供理论依据。     

不同干燥工艺对稻谷导热系数影响的研究

采用自然干燥(15℃)、热风干燥(45℃、55℃、65℃)、流化床干燥(45℃、55℃、65℃)对初始湿基含水率21.2%的稻谷进行降水处理,选取适当水分间隔测量稻谷导热系数和爆腰率,得到不同干燥工艺条件下的导热系数与含水率的拟合曲线、导热系数与爆腰率的拟合曲线,并对降水速率与爆腰增率、导热系数与爆腰率做相关分析。结果表明,降水速率与爆腰增率,导热系数与爆腰率都存在极显著相关性。干燥工艺影响稻谷降水速率,产生不同爆腰率,改变内部结构进而影响导热系数测量值。随爆腰率增大,导热系数呈非线性递增。流化床干燥对稻谷导热系数测量造成的影响大于薄层热风干燥。低温薄层热风干燥稻谷的导热系数最接近自然干燥处理值。     

山药粉加工工艺的研究

以山药为原料,研究了喷雾干燥法、热风干燥法生产山药粉的加工工艺,对影响喷雾干燥、热风干燥效果和山药粉产品品质的因素进行了考察。通过对山药粉喷雾干燥、热风干燥出粉率和产品品质影响最大的几个主要指标的单因素试验,选取了几个主要影响因素进行正交试验设计。结果表明,喷雾干燥加工制取的山药粉品质比热风干燥制取的较好,喷雾干燥条件为进口温度170℃,出口温度75℃。     

太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食的数值模拟研究

粮食的干燥过程实质上是多孔介质热湿耦合传递的过程.基于多孔介质热质传递理论,通过数值模拟的方法,针对利用太阳能辅助热泵干燥粮食时热风随时间变化的情况,采用综合温度和空气绝对湿度作为瞬态边界条件来对干燥过程中粮食内部温度和水分的变化进行模拟研究.模拟结果显示小麦水分在干燥150 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),而实验结果显示小麦水分在干燥135 h后达到安全水分13.6％(干基),二者对比相差不大,并且模拟温度与试验温度吻合较好.     

恰玛古脆片不同干燥方式工艺初探

旨在确定恰玛古最佳干燥工艺条件。以新疆柯坪县恰玛古为试验材料,开展了不同切分尺寸、不同前处理方式（热烫、冷冻、冷藏）试验,以及热风干燥、微波真空干燥和联合干燥试验;通过对比恰玛古在不同条件干燥过程中水分含量、水分活度、色差、膨化率、感官评定等指标的变化情况,确定最佳干燥工艺条件。结果表明,最优切分方式为片,热烫处理为6 min;冷藏处理较冷冻处理好;联合干燥方式失水速率较其他2 种方式快,水分含量、水分活度值都较低,色泽也较好,膨化率也较高。最终确定恰玛古最佳干燥工艺为：热风干燥温度45℃ 微波真空干燥1 kW 10 min,此时水分含量为7.74%、水分活度为0.19、色差L*69.4,a*4.2,b*21.0、膨化率14.80%、感官评分85。产品酥脆,色泽金黄,口感微甜。本研究具有一定的生产指导意义。     

马铃薯片热风干燥特性及动力学模型

为了解马铃薯片的热风干燥特性,以新鲜马铃薯为原料,研究不同装料量、热风温度和切片厚度对马铃薯片热风干燥特性的影响,并建立热风干燥动力学模型。试验结果表明：热风温度、切片厚度和装料量均显著影响马铃薯片的热风干燥特性,热风温度越高,切片厚度越薄,马铃薯片的干燥速率越快,干燥时间越短;马铃薯片热风干燥过程无明显的恒速阶段,主要以降速干燥为主。通过对6种动力学模型拟合发现,Wang-Singh模型具有较高的决定系数R2和较低的卡方(χ2),试验值和模型预测值能较好地吻合,该模型能够准确地表达和预测马铃薯片热风干燥过程的水分变化规律。     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.