鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对鼠淋巴细胞MHC—1,MHC—2,ICAM—1和CD4表达的影响

应用流式细胞仪技术，检测经口灌服１０＾３个鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，４８ｈ后迫杀的Ｃ５７Ｂ１６／Ｈ２＾ｂ鼠外周淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结、脾和外周血中淋巴细胞ＭＨＣ－１、ＭＨＣ－２、ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４ ４种受体的变化。结果表明，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌使外周血淋巴细胞ＭＨＣ－１、ＭＨＣ－２和ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达显著升高（Ｐ〈０．００１），肠系膜淋巴结中淋巴细胞ＭＨＣ－２、ＣＤ４和外周血淋巴细胞ＣＤ４的表达也有升高。     

双疗程法治疗肉鸡大肠杆菌病

作者进行了双疗程法治疗肉鸡大肠杆菌病的试验，试验鸡共５０００只，设９个治疗组，１个对照组，每组５００只ＡＡ肉鸡。试验组鸡群于１～７天，２２～２８天，分别选用敏感抗菌素氟哌酸（ＦＰＡ，５０ＰＰＭ），强力霉素（ＤＯＣ。７５ＰＰＭ，），氯霉素（ＣＭＴ，７５０ＰＰＭ）进行双疗程治疗，取得了满意的效果。ＤＯＣ－ＣＭＴ、ＣＭＴ－ＤＯＣ、ＦＰＡ－ＤＯＣ、ＤＯＣ－ＦＰＡ、ＦＰＡ－ＣＭＴ、ＣＭＴ－ＦＰＡ、ＤＯＣ－ＤＯＣ、ＦＰＡ－ＦＰＡ、ＣＭＴ－ＣＭＴ各试验组的存活率分别为９２．８％、８７．６％、９７．２％、９６．４％、９５．８％、８９．６％、９４．６％、９６．２％、８８．４％。对照组的存活率７９．４％。     

猪T细胞表面抗原特异性单克隆抗体的研制及其特性鉴定

用从健康猪胸腺提取的 Ｔ 淋巴细胞作抗原免疫 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ｃ 小鼠。取免疫鼠脾细胞与 Ｓ Ｐ２／０ 骨髓瘤细胞融合，经 ３ 次克隆，共获得 １０ 株稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞。以细胞反应特异性试验、 Ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 分析、流式细胞计数（ Ｆ Ｃ Ｍ ）等方法，确定了对猪 Ｔ 细胞表面抗原特异性反应的单抗（ Ｍ ｃ Ａｂｓ），其中 ２ Ｄ９ 、３ Ｂ１ ０ 可以识别相对分子质量 ５０ ０００ 的 Ｔ 细胞膜蛋白，能标记 ９６％ 的胸腺细胞、８９％ 的外周血 Ｔ 淋巴细胞、８７％ 的脾 Ｔ 淋巴细胞，其特性与猪 Ｃ Ｄ２ 抗原相符；另一株 １ Ｇ１ ２ 可识别相对分子质量 ６３ ０００ 的 Ｔ 细胞膜蛋白，能标记 ９８％ 的胸腺细胞、９１％ 的外周血 Ｔ 淋巴细胞、７８％ 的脾 Ｔ 淋巴细胞，其特性与猪 Ｃ Ｄ５ 抗原相符。     

地高辛标记空肠弯曲菌DNA探针的研究

应用地高辛标记核酸技术将地高辛结合到空肠弯曲菌染色体 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 上，制备了地高辛标记的 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 探针。地高辛标记的空肠弯曲菌 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 探针仅与空肠弯曲 Ｃ Ｊ１、 Ｃ Ｊ２ 发生反应，而与大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副结核分枝杆 菌不发生反应，具有很高的特异性。其敏感性可检测出０．２２ ｎｇ 的样品 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ，较光生物素（８ ｎｇ）、 Ｐ同位素（４ ｎｇ）标记的核酸探针高。     

鸡T淋巴细胞IL－2的体外诱生及活性检测

经Ｌ１６（４５）正交试验选择，并经实验验证，鸡脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件为２．５μｇ／ｍＬ伴刀豆蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）、ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间２０ｈ、１×１０７／ｍＬ淋巴细胞、１０％小牛血清、靶细胞培养时间４８ｈ、４×１０６／ｍＬ靶细胞、靶细胞接触时间３６ｈ、５ｍｇ／ｍＬＭＴＴ、ＭＴＴ加入时间３ｈ和甲溶解时间２ｈ；胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件为５μｇ／ｍＬＣｏｎＡ、ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间４８ｈ，余同脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生及活性检测。比较试验表明，ＭＴＴ比色分析法和３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入法有显著的直线回归关系。     

牛地方性白血病的B—1a,B—1b和常规B淋巴细胞研究

为表明肿瘤细胞表型的特征，阐明Ｂ淋巴细胞系的来源，用免疫组织染色法和流式细胞分检仪对从１０头感染牛地方性白血病病毒（ＥＢＬＶ）奶牛分离到的淋巴绞地研究。这些肿瘤细胞主要表达主要组织相容性复 （ＭＨＣ）Ⅱ＋（１０／１０）、ＢｏＣＤ１１ｂ＋（９／１０）、ＩｇＧ１＋（８／１０）、Ｂ－Ｂ２＋（８／１０）、ＢｏＣＤ＾５＋（７／１０）及λ轻链阳性（７／１０）。仅有一批奶牛的肿瘤细胞表达ＳＩｇＭ＾＋（１／１０).     

淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂对鸡马立克氏病抵抗力的影响及红细胞CR_1的变化

将２００只雏鸡根据不同的处理分成四组：对照组、淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂组，ＭＤ疫苗组和疫苗－合剂组，并在１１日龄时全部用ＭＤ强毒攻击。于４、１１，２６、４１和５６Ｈ龄时采血样，测定各自的ＲＢＣ－ＣＲ，花环率和ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率，同时统计各组的ＭＤ发病率。结果：ＭＤ发病率，对照组＞合剂组＞疫苗组＞疫苗－合剂组，分别为：７６％、６０％、５４％和３４％。疫苗－合剂组ＭＤ发病率极显著地低于其他组（Ｐ＜０．００５）；ＲＢＣ－ＣＲ＿１花环率，接种ＭＤＶ后，疫苗－合剂组迅速增加，并一直维持在较高水平（８．０％左右），其他组均是下降以后再缓慢回升，与ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率呈反向变化关系。结果表明：淫羊藿－蜂胶合剂有明显增强感染ＭＤＶ后鸡ＲＢＣ－ＣＲ＿１活性和降低ＭＤ发病率的作用。     

猪核移植重组胚胎的发育能力

以ＭｃＧｒａｔｈ－Ｓｏｌｔｅｒ（１９８３）提供的去（注）核方法，将猪胚胎的单个卵裂球细胞注入去核的次级成熟卵母细胞，借助电融合的方法（ＡＣ；５Ｖ，１．５ＭＨｚ，１２－１５ｓ；ＤＣ：２ｋＶ／ｃｍ，４０μｓ。电激活／融合液：０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇＋－．１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＭｇＳＯ４＋０．１ｍｍｏｌＣａｃＬ２＋７．５ｍｇ／ｍｌＣＣＢ）融入受体胞质构成重级胚，体外培养（培养液为改衣ＴＣＭ－１９９；培养条件为５％     

分泌抗赭曲霉素A单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用赭曲霉素Ａ（ＯＡ）－ＢＳＡ合成抗原免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，取免疫鼠脾细胞与ｓｐ２／０细胞融合，通过克隆和ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，建立三株泌抗ＯＡ单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株（３Ｃ１２，１Ｄ１２和２Ｇ７）。用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定，细胞上清液抗体效价为１２８＾×（３Ｃ１２）和６４＾×（１Ｄ１２和２Ｇ７）腹水抗体效价为１０＾－７（３Ｃ１２，１Ｄ１２）和１０＾－６（２Ｇ７）。三株单抗（ＭｃＡｂ）均属ＩｇＧ类，分泌抗体     

有丝分裂原对离体boPBMC增殖和分泌Ig的作用

应用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＦＡＣＳ研究了离体奶牛外周血单核细胞（ｂｐＰＢＭＣ）对有丝分裂原的免疫应答。ＰＷＭ和ＣｏｎＡ能不同程度地诱导ｂｏＰＢＭＣ增殖和分泌Ｉｇ；而ＳＥＢ只能使ｂｏＰＢＭＣ高度增殖而不分泌Ｉｇ（Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＰＷＭ诱导的ｂｏＰＢＭＣ经１２ｄ培养，其中ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞的比率为２．９：１；而ＳＥＢ诱导的细胞为０．３：１。离体ｂｏＰＢＭＣ主要分泌ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ１，只有     

In situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in calves with acute Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia.

The in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in normal and pneumonic lung tissues of Holstein calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) was compared with that of age-matched non-BLAD Holstein calves by in situ hybridization. Twenty-four Holstein calves (both BLAD and non-BLAD) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups and inoculated intrabronchially with Pasteurella haemolytica or pyrogen-free saline. Lung tissues were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formalin at 2 or 4 hours postinoculation (PI). The expression and distribution of ICAM-1 mRNA in the different cell types of the lung tissue was detected by in situ hybridization with a 307-base-pair bovine ICAM-1 riboprobe. In lungs of both non-BLAD and BLAD saline-inoculated calves, ICAM-1 expression was present in epithelial cells but occurred in <30% of cells in bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. ICAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells was present in <30% of cells in pulmonary arteries and veins. The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly greater (>60% of cells) in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary endothelial cells of arteries and veins in both BLAD and non-BLAD calves inoculated with P. haemolytica. Bronchiolar epithelium had the highest intensity of mRNA expression and highest percentage of cells that were stained, whereas bronchial epithelium had the lowest intensity and percentage of cells stained. Most alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in infected lungs also expressed ICAM-1. ICAM-1 expression was generally increased in infected BLAD calves at 2 hours PI as compared with non-BLAD calves but not at 4 hours PI. The increased expression of ICAM-1 during acute P. haemolytica pneumonia in calves suggests that ICAM-1 is upregulated and may play a role in leukocyte infiltration. The extent of ICAM-1 expression in P. haemolytica-inoculated calves with BLAD was initially enhanced but otherwise similar to that in non-BLAD calves.     

Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 release by lymphocytes derived from the blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines of normal sheep and those affected with paratuberculosis (Johne's disease).

This study sought to determine if T-cell cytokine responses to mycobacterial infections in sheep were similar to those in other species and if such responses correlated with prevailing gut pathology. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood (PBL), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and ileal lamina propria (LPL) of control sheep and of sheep with clinical Johne's disease due to infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M.a. paratuberculosis). These animals had previously been categorised into two groups exhibiting either the 'tuberculoid' (paucibacillary) form of lesion or the 'lepromatous' (multibacillary) form. Lymphocytes were examined for their capacity, following stimulation with johnin-PPD, to release interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) characteristic of the Th1 subset of MHC Class II-restricted CD4+ (helper) T-cells in other species. The expression of the two cytokines appeared related to the type of histological lesion observed. Antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from the tuberculoid group exhibited greater release of IFN-gamma and IL-2 than lymphocytes from the lepromatous group suggesting a Th1-type of response in the former in which expression of IFN-gamma by PBL showed a significant positive correlation with that expressed by MLN and LPL. Lymphocytes from animals with lepromatous lesions released lesser mycobacterium-induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 indicating a diminished role for a Th1 subset in this group of sheep. Differences in cytokine expression were much more apparent with lymphocytes which were derived from MLN.     

华蟾毒精对B16及RMA-S细胞主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子及其相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在考察华蟾毒精（CBG）单体对B16和RMA-S细胞MHC-Ⅰ类分子及其相关基因表达的影响。通过MTT法检测CBG对B16和RMA-S细胞生长的影响;流式细胞术检测CBG对B16和RMA-S细胞表面MHC-Ⅰ分子表达的影响;荧光定量PCR检测CBG对B16和RMA-S细胞蛋白酶体相关基因（LMP2、LMP7）和ATP结合盒（ATP-binding cassette,ABC）转运蛋白（TAP1、TAP2）基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示,CBG对B16和RMA-S细胞MHC-Ⅰ表达的影响均不显著(P＞0.05),但高浓度CBG可不同程度提高LMP2、LMP7、TAP1、TAP2基因mRNA表达水平。结果表明,CBG可能具有通过上调LMP2、LMP7、TAP1、TAP2基因表达水平来增强肿瘤自身免疫原性的潜能。     

Transport stress increases somatic cell counts in milk, and enhances the migration capacity of peripheral blood neutrophils of dairy cows

The present study was designed to determine the effects of physiological stress on milk-somatic cell counts (SCC) and function of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Nine healthy lactating cows were used in the examination. Five cows were transported 100 km for 4 hr (transported group; TG), and 4 cows were penned (non-transported group; NTG). Blood and milk samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 hr after loading, and at 2 hr, and 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after unloading. The following activities were measured: adhesion receptor (CD 18 and L-selectin) expression of neutrophils and monocytes, migration capacity and percentage of apoptotic cells of neutrophils, serum soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin), plasma cortisol, and SCC. A significant increase in plasma cortisol and milk SCC was observed in TG. Leukocytosis, derived from neutrophils was recorded in TG, and was indicated by apoptotic measurement as an increase of young cells from the marginal pool. Increased migration and decreased surface expression of both L-selectin and CD 18 in neutrophils were observed after transportation. Elevated serum sL-selectin was also noted as a result of transportation. The present study indicated that transport stress modulates peripheral blood neutrophil function, particularly enhancing migration capacity, and causes diapedesis across the mammary epithelium. Increased milk SCC in transported cattle might be due to these phenomena, and severe physiological stress may bring about an increase in SCC in milk.     

健康中国恒河猴各淋巴组织中T淋巴细胞表型及分布

试验旨在明确T淋巴细胞在中国恒河猴各组织中的表型与分布,为疾病模型研究提供基础数据。取外周血、腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结及肠道组织,从中分离出淋巴细胞。使用流式细胞术检测分析各种表型的淋巴细胞在组织间的分布。结果表明,淋巴结中CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T细胞比值高于外周血,肠道固有层中最低,三者差异显著。记忆性T细胞在外周血和肠道固有层T细胞中比重较大,而淋巴结中主要为幼稚T细胞。CD4⁺ T细胞中中心记忆T细胞Tcm为主要亚群,而CD8⁺ T细胞主要为效应记忆细胞Tem。外周血与肠道固有层中增殖T细胞比例相当,而淋巴结中T细胞增殖水平相对较低。各组织中CXCR4受体表达量普遍高于CCR5受体,其中肠道固有层CCR5受体表达水平最高。值得注意的是,有一小群表型CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD8low的细胞仅在肠道固有层中存在,经分析其功能活性应高于肠道CD4单阳性T细胞。因此,测定了健康中国恒河猴各表型T淋巴细胞在多种淋巴组织中的基础数值,为相关模型研究奠定基础。     

Labelling of rat endothelial cells with antibodies to vWF, RECA-1, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, OX-43 and ZO-1

Labelling with endothelium specific monoclonal antibodies, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), OX-43 and zonula occludentes-1 (ZO-1), was investigated in cryostat sections of vessels from rats of different ages using a confocal microscope. The results showed that labelling of the vWF was positive in endothelial cells from adult, fetal and different ages of embryonic rat. Labelling with RECA-1 was weakly positive in adult rat aorta and lung endothelial cells but not in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. Labelling using PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and OX-43 was negative in both adult and embryonic endothelial cells. ZO-1 showed positive but very weak reactivity in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. The expression of vWF on vessels from adult and 19.5-day fetal tissues was strongly positive. However, the expression of vWF in embryonic endothelial cells was dependent on the gestational age. While the 11.5-day yolk sac vessels stained weakly, staining gradually increased in 13.5-, 15.5- and 17.5-day-old yolk sac vessels. The results suggest that vWF is a reliable endothelial cell marker in rat vascular endothelial cells, including both fetal and embryonic stages.     

军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因全长cDNA的克隆及其组织表达分析

本研究根据其他鱼类MHC-Ⅱα基因的保守序列设计兼并引物,运用同源克隆和末端快速扩增方法扩增了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的全长cDNA序列,并对cDNA及其氨基酸序列进行了分析,比较了军曹鱼和其他物种的MHC-Ⅱα氨基酸序列的差异,分析了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的组织分布及经LPS刺激后头肾组织中MHC-Ⅱα基因的表达变化。结果表明,军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα cDNA全长998 bp,包括53 bp的5′末端非编码区（5′UTR）、234 bp的3′末端非编码区（3′UTR）及711 bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码236个氮基酸,其蛋白质分子质量约为25.94 ku,等电点为4.39;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα蛋白质序列具有一些重要的特征,包括前导肽、α1、α2、CP/TM/CYT区和保守的半胱氨酸等;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα与鼠、人及其它鱼类的氨基酸同源性在25.0%～69.5%之间。Real-time PCR检测结果显示,MHC-Ⅱα基因在正常军曹鱼组织中均有表达,但其表达量在各种组织中存在差异,其中较强表达于头肾、鳃,中等程度表达于脾脏、肠,在心脏、脑、肌肉中表达较弱;经LPS刺激后,头肾中MHC-Ⅱα基因表达下调。     

Expression of interleukin-8 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the synovial membrane and cranial cruciate ligament of dogs after rupture of the ligament

This cross-sectional clinical study compared inflammation, including expression of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the stifle joints of 4 control dogs and 23 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). The CCL, synovial membrane, meniscus, cartilage, and synovial fluid from the affected stifle joints of all the dogs were examined. Inflammatory cell counts were performed on the synovial fluid, and the tissues were processed for histologic study and immunohistochemical detection of IL-8 and ICAM-1. The synovial fluid from the stifle joints of the dogs with CCLR had an increased percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.054) and a decreased percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.004) but not macrophages compared with the fluid from the control dogs. There was accumulation of inflammatory cells and increased expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the vascular endothelium of the synovial membrane and the CCL of the dogs with CCLR. The increase in inflammatory cells in the stifle joints of dogs with CCLR may therefore be due to increased expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the synovial membrane and the CCL after the injury. These data may help in understanding the mechanisms of inflammation associated with CCLR.     

Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to equine NKp46

The immunoreceptor NKp46 is considered to be the most consistent marker of NK cells across mammalian species. Here, we use a recombinant NKp46 protein to generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize equine NKp46. The extracellular region of equine NKp46 was expressed with equine IL-4 as a recombinant fusion protein (rIL-4/NKp46) and used as an immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). MAbs were first screened by ELISA for an ability to recognize NKp46, but not IL-4, or the structurally related immunoreceptor CD16. Nine mAbs were selected and were shown to recognize full-length NKp46 expressed on the surface of transfected CHO cells as a GFP fusion protein. The mAbs recognized a population of lymphocytes by flow cytometric analysis that was morphologically similar to NKp46+ cells in humans and cattle. In a study using nine horses, representative mAb 4F2 labeled 0.8-2.1% PBL with a mean fluorescence intensity consistent with gene expression data. MAb 4F2+ PBL were enriched by magnetic cell sorting and were found to express higher levels of NKP46 mRNA than 4F2- cells by quantitative RT-PCR. CD3-depleted PBL from five horses contained a higher percentage of 4F2+ cells than unsorted PBL. Using ELISA, we determined that the nine mAbs recognize three different epitopes. These mAbs will be useful tools in better understanding the largely uncharacterized equine NK cell population.