广西蜜粉源植物资源调查报告

【目的】调查广西境内蜜蜂采集植物的种类;评价广西各种蜜粉源植物的养蜂价值。【方法】观察植物开花期间是否有蜜蜂访花,调查蜜粉源植物的开花、泌蜜、排粉,蜜蜂访花兴趣、蜜蜂采集特点以及植物分布等情况,拍摄植物及蜜蜂访花照片,采用图鉴、检索等方法确定植物的科、属、种;依据蜜粉源植物的实地调查结果,结合其在养蜂生产中的作用等对每种蜜粉源植物的养蜂价值进行评价。【结果】经过近5年的实地调查,在广西境内发现有蜜蜂采集的植物735种(隶属125科468属),其中主要蜜粉源植物22种,优势蜜粉源植物90种,辅助蜜粉源植物614种,有毒蜜粉源植物9种。【结论】广西蜜粉源植物一年四季花开不断,可常年从事蜂产品生产。     

同一只蜜蜂一次出巢采集多种蜜粉源植物的调查

采用实地调查法,在有多种蜜粉源植物开花的蜜源地,观察蜜蜂采集蜜粉源植物的情况;依据观察结果,结合蜜蜂携带的花粉团与植物花粉进行颜色比对等方法,了解蜜蜂一次出巢采集蜜粉源植物种类的数量。调查表明:无论是中蜂,还是意蜂,都观察到同一只蜜蜂一次出巢采集2种或2种以上蜜粉源植物的行为。     

注重保护蜜粉源植物 确保养蜂业发展

蜜粉源植物是指可开花泌蜜、吐粉以供蜜蜂采集的农作物、林果、牧草等，是蜜蜂赖以生存与生产的主要条件，是发展养蜂业的物质基础。没有充足的蜜粉源植物，养蜂业就难以为继，蜜粉源植物的数量与质量，直接左右着养蜂业的命运。我国的蜜粉源植物种类比较多，分为主要蜜粉源和辅助蜜粉源植物。主要蜜粉源指的是可供生产商品蜂蜜和蜂花粉的植物，大约40多种，有油菜、紫云英、洋槐、椴树、枣树、荆条、荞麦等10多种。另外，还有300多种辅助蜜粉源，这些辅助蜜粉源或泌蜜、吐粉较少，或面积较小，可起到辅助繁殖作用。     

依法利用蜜源植物资源的探讨

蜜蜂与蜜源植物体现了共生关系。应组织各蜂场合理利用蜜粉源,以利于蜜源植物授粉。经营、种植蜜粉源植物的蜜粉资源所有权归属国家,养蜂利用蜜粉资源受《畜牧法》保护,人人保护蜜蜂和蜜粉源植物,就是保护生态环境及人类自身。     

注重保护和种植蜜粉源植物确保发展养蜂物质基础

<正>蜜粉源植物,主指可开花泌蜜、吐粉以供蜜蜂采集的农作物、林果、牧草等,是蜜蜂赖以生存与生产的主要条件,是发展养蜂业的物质基础。没有充足的蜜粉源植物,养蜂业就难以为继,蜜粉源植物的数量与质量,直接左右着养蜂业的命运。我国的蜜粉源植     

重庆市彭水县春夏季蜜粉源植物资源调查

据对重庆市东南部的彭水县春夏季蜜源植物的调查,报道了彭水县88种春夏季蜜粉源植物,其中主要蜜粉源植物1种、辅助蜜粉源植物86种、有毒蜜粉源植物1种,分属于33科,主要以蔷薇科、菊科、豆科为主。彭水春夏季蜜粉源资源具有丰富的多样性,花期随海拔升高而变化,适合饲养中华蜜蜂。建议扩大油菜、木姜子、云实、中国旌节花等蜜粉源的种植面积。     

如何处理蜜蜂中毒

蜜蜂中毒在养蜂生产过程中经常发生,虽不具有传染性,但由于受害范围广且普遍,染病蜂群将遭到严重损失甚至全群覆灭,给养蜂户带来很大的经济损失。按照中毒类型可分为植物蜜粉源中毒和农药中毒,正确判断蜜蜂是否中毒并及时处理对养蜂生产十分重要。1植物蜜粉源中毒1.1病因蜜蜂植物蜜粉源中毒的主要原因是蜜蜂采集了有害的蜜粉源植物,这些植物所产生的有毒有害物质主要有毒蛋白、生物碱、胺类、糖苷、多肽、草酸盐和多糖等,由于有毒蜜粉源植物种类很多,所含毒素又不同,所引起的中毒症状也不相同。     

关于全力保护和种植蜜粉源植物的建议

正发展养蜂业就需要有蜜粉源植物,主要指那些可开花泌蜜、吐粉以供蜜蜂采集的农作物、林木、牧草等,是蜜蜂赖以生存与生产的主要物质条件,是发展养蜂业的物质基础。没有充足的蜜粉源植物,养蜂业就难以为继,蜜粉源植物的数量与质量,直接左右着养蜂业的命运。我国的蜜粉源植物种类比较多,有主要、辅助之分。主要蜜粉源是指可供生产商品蜂蜜和蜂花粉的植物,有50多种,例如油菜、洋槐、椴树、枣树、荆条、荞麦等。另外,还有300多种辅助蜜粉     

我国蜂业发展存在的问题与对策(五)注重保护蜜粉源植物确保养蜂业发展

蜜粉源植物是指可开花泌蜜、吐粉以供蜜蜂采集的农作物、林果、牧草等,是蜜蜂赖以生存与生产的主要条件,是发展养蜂业的物质基础.没有充足的蜜粉源植物,养蜂业就难以为继,蜜粉源植物的数量与质量,直接左右着养蜂业的命运.     

草坝春季蜜粉源植物调查

为掌握蒙自草坝地区春季蜜粉源植物状况,2016年1~3月对草坝及周边地区蜜粉源植物进行考察,参照《蜜粉源植物学》进行分类,发现草坝地区春季蜜粉源植物共有9科18属22种,主要蜜粉源植物占36.36%,辅助蜜粉源植物占63.64%。其中,蔷薇科的蜜粉源植物种类最多,占31.82%。其次是十字花科(占22.73%)和豆科(占18.18%),大戟科、无患子科、菊科、桑科、酢浆草科、漆树科所占比例相同,为4.55%。草坝地区丰富的辅助蜜粉源和主要蜜粉源植物能够保障蜜蜂早春繁殖,为下个蜜粉源获得高产打下基础。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.