3种具有发展潜力的云南珍贵用材树种

滇木花生、肋果茶和多花藤黄是云南的乡土珍贵用材树种,可作为国家的重要战略储备资源,具有相当高的价值。本文对这3个树种的形态特征、经济价值、用途、木材材性、林木生长特性、分布、生长环境及造林培育发展前途进行简要介绍和论述,为滇木花生、肋果茶和多花藤黄的大规模种植及开发利用提供依据。     

乡土珍贵用材树种肋果茶育苗技术

肋果茶(Sladenia celastrifolia Kruz)为云南新选出的乡土造林树种及绿化树种.其干形通直高大,木材细致,品质系数高,是民间传统的珍贵高档家具用材及揉茶机、茶叶包装盒用材;其枝叶茂密,光洁、四季常绿,是很好的庭园城市绿化树种,2004年经评选入昆明13个优良乡土绿化树种名录;其枝叶树皮中所含的多种物质具有"闹鱼、杀虫、灭鼠"的作用,已经进行研究,有望成为有用的天然药物.肋果茶有这些用途和经济价值,加之生态适应性广,从西双版纳、思茅、红河、文山直分布到滇中高原、昆明附近,而以滇东南石灰岩岩溶区与土山交错的丘北等地分布更集中,生长更好,成为森林中最高大、具标志性的乔木.近年来,已经作为一个山地造林树种开始进行各项试验研究.本文所报导的,就是在丘北县进行的肋果茶育苗试验的初步结果.     

不同激素处理对肋果茶扦插成活率的影响研究

在普洱市思茅区万掌山林场苗圃开展肋果茶扦插育苗试验,试验采用单因素随机区组设计,4次重复,研究不同激素、不同浓度及不同处理时间对3年生的肋果茶穗条扦插成活率的影响,结果表明:选用的1号ABT生根粉1mg/L.10s处理肋果茶插穗有明显促进生根作用,最高生根率为90.49%,比清水对照高出35.19%。     

肋果茶枝叶乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫拒食及毒杀活性的研究

用提取物试液浸渍甘蓝圆形叶碟饲喂害虫幼虫的方法测定了肋果茶枝叶乙醇提取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的拒食及毒杀活性.结果表明,肋果茶枝叶乙醇提取物能使小菜蛾幼虫取食量减少,死亡率增加,羽化率降低.其提取物试液的浓度越高,这些作用的效果越明显.在非选择性的条件下,肋果茶枝叶乙醇提取物试液对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的有效拒食浓度(AFC50)24 h 时为151.88 mg/L,48 h 时为94.53 mg/L.     

肋果茶提取物对纵坑切梢小蠹的毒力

测定了肋果茶Sladenia celastrifolia提取物对纵坑切梢小蠹成虫的生物活性,结果表明,肋果茶提取物杀虫的作用方式比较复杂,除胃毒作用外,可能还有内吸、拒食等作用.云南松树梢经肋果茶提取物水溶液浸泡,在室内条件下,对纵坑切梢小蠹成虫的致死中浓度(LC50)(剂量)15 d时为6.781 g/L,20 d时为1.316 g/L.     

珍贵用材树种-肋果茶

肋果茶(Sladenia celastrifolia kurz)系肋果茶科大乔木,主干挺直,高可达30m,胸径约90cm,树冠浓密,圆球形,叶中小型。花小,开放时花径仅7～8mm,黄绿色。果为圆锥形干果,长7～8mm。肋果茶的木材色白,纹理直,心边材无区别,结构甚细,均匀,干燥容易,重量轻而强度、韧性适中,不劈裂,品质系数高,是文山州等地民间传统的上等家具用材,被形象地称为“细松”。在滇南茶叶产区则利用其木材做揉茶机,因肋果茶的木材细致耐磨,无气味,特别适合于制作茶机与茶叶包装使用,故当地又称其为“白树”。研究认为,肋果茶在阔叶材中属偏于轻软而物理力学性能上乘…     

肋果茶枝叶提取物对两种松毛虫幼虫的毒效性测定

用不同浓度的肋果茶枝叶提取物溶液,浸泡云南松针叶饲喂4～5龄的文山松毛虫幼虫和2～3龄的思茅松毛虫幼虫.对其饲喂后的胃毒毒效活性进行了测定.结果表明,肋果茶枝叶提取物对两种松毛虫各龄期幼虫有不同程度的毒效活性,该毒效性以幼龄幼虫为高,其毒效性随肋果茶枝叶提取物浓度的增加而加大,其松毛虫幼虫的校正死亡率为40.9 %～68.3 %.     

肋果茶的扦插繁殖试验

通过不同扦插基质、不同激素(生根剂)、不同扦插时间、不同部位的插穗对肋果茶进行了扦插育苗试验,统计生根率。结果表明:最适宜肋果茶扦插的基质为河沙+珍珠岩(4∶1),其生根率为84%;0.01%浓度的GGR6号生根剂对肋果茶扦插生根率影响最大,生根率为96%;最适宜的扦插时间为3月份,生根率为91%;最适宜扦插的插穗为干基萌发枝,生根率为95%,其次是1 a生顶枝,生根率为88%。     

黑果腺肋花楸营养杯苗荒山造林技术

文章针对辽宁朝阳县水土流失治理和经济林发展现状,将优良生态经济型树种黑果腺肋花楸及其关键栽培技术应用于荒山造林建设中,提出了整地方式、栽植、抚育管理等荒山造林技术,以期为半干旱地区黑果腺肋花楸荒山造林提供技术支撑。     

不同整地措施对朝阳地区山地黑果腺肋花楸栽植效果的影响

针对辽宁朝阳地区水土流失治理和经济林发展现状,将黑果腺肋花楸这一优良生态经济型树种应用于山地造林实践中,研究了不同措施对朝阳山地黑果腺肋花楸栽植效果的影响.结果 表明:4种整地方式(反坡梯田、水平阶、鱼鳞坑、水平梯田)与对照相比,显著提高了造林成活率和保存率,以修筑水平梯田法为最佳的整地方式,黑果腺肋花楸的平均成活率和...     

森林经营类型划分与经营措施差异的探讨

通过森林经营划分将立地类型、森林现状、森林类型及经营措施有机地结合在一起,形成“树种（树种组）＋坡度级＋土壤厚度级＋郁闭度级＋亚林种（或二级地类）”的森林经营措施表。此编制方法,森林经营类型数量增多,考虑各类型各龄级面积,经营措施差异明显,且直观、易于操作又能定量管理,与当前常规林业经营措施相适应,为森林经营方案的编制服务。森林经营类型划分的基础材料直接来自于森林资源二类调查成果,因而经营类型可以直接作用于经营小（细）班,对林业生产有利。     

顺德森林改造区不同林分土壤环境质量研究

土壤质量是环境质量的重要组成部分,是指在一定的时间和空间范围内,土壤维持生态系统的生产力和动植物健康而不发生退化及其它生态问题与环境问题的能力。土壤质量指标是表示从土壤生产潜力和环境管理的角度监测和评价土壤物理、化学和生物学性质、土壤过程以     

浅谈营林生产存在的问题及对策

为充分发挥营林生产在林业建设中的重要作用,笔者从林木良种、苗圃地选择、营林生产经营措施等方面进行分析研究。当前营林生产在林木良种、苗圃地选择及全县营林生产经营措施方面存在停滞不前的问题。根据当前存在的问题,研究相应的对策,采取加强苗木基地建设、搞活苗圃经营体制、加强造林基地管理等措施,从而进一步发挥新形势下营林生产在林...     

Effects of silviculture treatments in a hurricane-damaged forest on carbon storage and emissions in central Hokkaido,Japan

Hurricanes cause abrupt carbon reduction in forests, but silviculture treatment can be an effective means of quickly regenerating and restoring hurricane-damaged sites. This study assessed how silviculture treatments affect carbon balance after hurricane damage in central Hokkaido, Japan. We examined carbon storage in trees and underground vegetation as well as carbon emissions from silviculture operations in 25-year-old stands, where scarification and plantation occurred just after hurricane damage. The amount of carbon stored varied according to silviculture treatment. Among three scarification treatments, a scarified depth of 0 cm (understory vegetation removal) led to the largest amount of carbon stored (64.7 t·ha-1 C). Among four plantation treatments, the largest amount of carbon was stored in a Larix hybrid (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) plantation (80.3 t·ha-1 C). The plantation of Abies sachalinensis was not successful at accumulating carbon (40.5·ha-1 C). The amount of carbon emitted from silviculture operations was 0.05-0.14 t·ha-1 C, and it marginally affected the net carbon balance of the silviculture project. Results indicate that silviculture treatments should beperformed in an appropriate way to effectively recover the ability of carbon sequestration in hurricane-damaged forests.     

广东省加勒比松栽培区划的研究

收集了全省31个气象站点的气象资料，选择了其中14个影响加勒比松生长的主导气候因子，采用R型主分量分析及聚类分析的方法，结合38块加勒比松标准地的生长资料，将广东省加勒比松栽培区划分为最适宜、、适宜、次适宜等三类栽培区。     

Density-dependent vole damage in silviculture and associated economic losses at a nationwide scale

Voles inflict damage to silviculture by debarking or severing tree seedlings. The large-scale impacts of vole damage to silviculture, both in terms of severity and financial losses are, however, poorly known. In autumn 2005, cyclically fluctuating vole populations were at their highest in Finland for over 15 years, which led to extensive damage to silviculture during the winter 2005/06. We carried out a nationwide assessment of the incidence, spatial extent and economic value of damage and its relation to vole abundance in privately owned forests during this winter. Damage data were obtained with a questionnaire addressed to the directors of all Forest Management Associations (FMAs) operating in Finland, and vole abundance data from 15 long-term monitoring projects across the country. Voles were confirmed to have destroyed ca. 4.7 million tree seedlings, covering a total effective damage area of ca. 2600 ha. The directors of the FMAs estimated that the actual level of damage was likely to exceed 8.5 million seedlings, or 5400 ha. Roughly 80% of all damage was inflicted on Norway spruce (Picea abies), ca. 10% on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and ca. 10% on birch (Betula sp.) and other species. Considering costs of replanting alone, a most likely very conservative estimate of the financial impact of vole damage during the winter 2005/06 lies between 2.2 and 4.0 million €. The occurrence of damage during the winter was positively related to vole abundance in the previous autumn. This validates vole population monitoring as an effective tool for forecasting near-future damage to silviculture. Our results suggest that if vole populations continue to fluctuate as they currently do, levels of damage to Finnish forests will be great also in the future, far exceeding damage levels recorded in earlier decades.     

浙江省营林技术决策咨询系统

“浙江省营林技术决策咨询系统”，集营林技术决策与咨询为一体，涵盖针阔用材林、经济林、竹林等140个浙江省常见的造林树种。该系统应用计算机辅助设计技术、实现在特定立地条件下选择适宜生长的树种，并进行效益优化分析，大大推进营林生产决策科学化、定量化进程。该软件已获计算机软件著作权登记保护。     

A succession and silviculture model for the broad-leaved Korean pine forests of Changbai Mountain Area

IntroductionGaPSinforestSwereoftenfomledduetobigtreesfalldown.Regenerationandgrowtl1inthegapsincreasebe-causeofIheAnprovementoflightcondition-Thegapwillbefilledwithnewregeneratedtrees.Wattnamedtl1isforesIdynamicsastheforestgrowtllcycle.SinceD.Bot-kindevelopedthefirstGapmo`Iel(JANOWAnlodel)basedontheforestgrowthcycletheory,dleresearchongapmodelbecameoneofthemostactivedirectio11slilecologybecauseofJANoWAnlodeI'ssuccess.H.Sl1ug-artandhisstUdentSmadegreatc()ntributio11stogapmodeI'sdeve…     

从苏联林业改革中我国可以借鉴什么

本刊1988年第4期发表了"苏联林业改革的核心问题"。一年来,苏联围绕经济核算制与林业、森工两张皮的问题仍在热烈争论。新中国林业50年代完全以苏联为榜样,因此现在听听他们的代表人物关于林业改革的议论是有益的。作者浏览了1988-1989年苏联林业主要报刊关于改革的文章,尽可能结合中国实际摘了10个问题。应当承认,苏联林业改革尚无实质性进展。     

云南红豆杉人工林定向培育的目标与模式

云南红豆杉具有极高的药用价值和优雅古朴的园林观赏价值,是珍贵的工业用材.在分析人工林培育现状的基础上,分别确定了短周期药用原料林、珍贵用材林、观赏盆景林三大红豆杉人工林的经营目标,并从育苗、营林技术、采伐管理等方面组装形成各自的经营模式.