浅谈科学发展观对林业宣传工作的指导作用

<正>科学发展观对我省林业宣传工作有着重大的指导作用,把科学发展观努力贯彻落实到林业宣传工作的各个方面,用科学发展观统领林业宣传工作的指导思想、工作原则、工作方法、工作重点、工作形式     

职业院校党建工作促进教育教学的实践与探索

指出了教育教学工作是职业院校的中心工作,抓好了党建工作能更好地促进教育教学。总结了在实践中,湖北生态工程职业技术学院通过"制度安排上巧融合、时间安排上巧融合、工作举措上巧融合、工作推动上巧融合、考核内容上巧融合",实现了党建工作与业务工作双向发力、相互促进的成效。     

林地变更调查工作常见问题与对策研究

林地年度变更调查是林业生态建设的基础性工作,已成为林地管理的年度常态化工作。结合林地变更工作的发展历程、工作内容,以及各地林地变更调查工作的实践经验,分析总结了工作中常见的问题,并相应提出了建立工作机制、创造软件环境、运用高清影像、加大队伍建设和梳理规划矛盾等对策。     

围绕大局抓好林业宣传工作

林业宣传是林业工作的重要组成部分。国家林业局贾治邦局长强调:林业宣传贯穿林业工作全局,是一项政治性、思想性、综合性、业务性很强的重要工作,关系林业兴衰。省林业厅高度重视林业宣传工作,今年以来,多次召开会议研究宣传工作,制定了工作方案和工作计划,多方位开展林业宣传     

加强高校信息工作的实践与思考

信息报送工作是交流情况、推进工作、提供决策参考的有效途径。该文从近年来北京林业大学信息工作"一健全二加强"的实践探索出发,对学校加强信息工作的新举措进行了全面的总结。在此基础上,提出了信息工作"三个有待加强"的问题。针对这些问题,笔者从提高信息工作认识、推动信息工作规范发展、把握信息工作规律等角度提出了进一步加强高校信息工作的思考。     

紧扣创建主题 打造文明样板

正近年来,隆回县林业局严格按照省、市、县文明委的总体要求和部署,始终把文明创建贯穿于林业工作全过程,做到思想上高度重视、措施上扎实有效、工作上严格落实,推动了四个文明建设蓬勃发展,各项工作取得了可喜成绩。加强组织领导,扎实开展创建工作。成立了文明创建工作领导小组,下设办公室。建立了完善的文明创建工作机制,将创建工作纳入全局工作规划同研究、同部署、同检查,并舍得在创建工作上花时间、花精     

企业工作分析方法的此较及选择

工作分析是现代人力资源管理中最基本的一项工作，是人力资源开发与管理的基础。工作分析的结果（工作描述和任职说明）广泛运用于企业工作设计、甄选录用、薪酬管理、绩效评估、培训开发等各项工作。正是由于工作分析对于企业有如此重要的作用和意义，它受到越来越多企业的重视。影响工作分析效果的因素有很多，关键之一是能否获得准确的、全面的工作信息，因此采取什么方法来搜集这些信息就成为工作分析的重点。本文详细介绍了目前企业常用的九种工作分析方法，从原理入手，对各种方法的优缺点、适用范围进行比较，最后提出了企业在实际运用中如何选择合适的工作分析方法。     

企业工作分析方法的比较及选择

工作分析是现代人力资源管理中最基本的一项工作,是人力资源开发与管理的基础。工作分析的结果(工作描述和任职说明)广泛运用于企业工作设计、甄选录用、薪酬管理、绩效评估、培训开发等各项工作。正是由于工作分析对于企业有如此重要的作用和意义,它受到越来越多企业的重视。影响工作分析效果的因素有很多,关键之一是能否获得准确的、全面的工作信息,因此采取什么方法来搜集这些信息就成为工作分析的重点。本文详细介绍了目前企业常用的九种工作分析方法,从原理入手,对各种方法的优缺点、适用范围进行比较,最后提出了企业在实际运用中如何选择合适的工作分析方法。     

起步“稳” 干劲“足”

<正>春风送暖,冰雪消融。近日,六盘山林业局相继召开党风廉政建设工作会议、党支部书记抓党建工作述职评议考核会议、意识形态工作安排部署会议、安全生产工作会议,全面开启2019年党的建设工作新征程。在党风廉政建设工作会上,提出2019年重点抓好的六个方面工作:一是强化组织领导,构建党委统一领导、科室协调组织、支部各负其责的党风廉政建设工作机制;二是强化思想武装,汇聚贯彻落实局党委     

企业工作分析方法的比较及选择

工作分析是现代人力资源管理中最基本的一项工作，是人力资源开发与管理的基础。工作分析的结果（工作描述和任职说明）广泛运用于企业工作设计、甄选录用、薪酬管理、绩效评估、培训开发等各项工作。正是由于工作分析对于企业有如此重要的作用和意义，它受到越来越多企业的重视。影响工作分析效果的因素有很多，关键之一是能否获得准确的、全面的工作信息，因此采取什么方法来搜集这些信息就成为工作分析的重点。本文详细介绍了目前企业常用的九种工作分析方法，从原理入手，对各种方法的优缺点、适用范围进行比较，最后提出了企业在实际运用中如何选择合适的工作分析方法。     

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ash and Larch in Mixture and Pure stands

IntroductionDuringthepasttwodecades,studieshaverevealedthatgrowingash(Fnainusmandshurica)andlarch(LarlksPP.)togetherinaproperwaycanincreasetheproduc-tivityQfthestandsI"'}'-'].Theyieldimprovementmechanismsattributetotwoaspects,i.e.,theabovegroundandundergr…     

Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.     

Response of Japanese red pine to inoculation with a blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis piceae

To confirm the pathogenicity of a blue stain fungus,Ceratocystis piceae (Münch) Bakshi to the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the responses of healthy young pine trees and stressed trees which were girdled by the half-circumferential girdling technique were investigated by the fungal inoculation test. Although neither of the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae in the non-girdled treatment nor the controls died, mortality of the trees girdled and inoculated withC. piceae was 28.6%. In the pine trees inoculated withC. piceae, the mean area of the necrotic lesion of the sapwood was significantly larger than that of the controls, and the mean of the water pressure potential of the xylem decreased, regardless of the girdling treatment. TheC. piceae was reisolated from the wood pieces near the inoculation points on the inoculated trees, but not from the controls. These results suggest that under strongly stressed conditions, the Japanese red pine trees might have been killed by heavy infestations ofC. piceae carried by bark beetles. A part of this paper was presented at the 103rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1992).     

基于GIS和RS数据的地统计学方法在水质评价中的应用

基于地理信息系统和Landsat TM (ThermalMapper)数据 ,本文应用地统计学的方法分析了肯尼亚Naivasha湖的水质。通过分析比较不同的插值法 ,最终分别采用普通克里金 (OrdinaryKrigging)和各向异性克里金 (AnistropyKrigging)方法绘制Naivasha湖水的深度和浊度图 ,并计算了湖水总容量。结果表明 ,湖水总容量为 3893371 99m3 ,以 30 (未知单位 )作为阈值 ,湖中净水和浊水的容积分别为 36 774 1 2 72m3 和 2 1 5 95 92 8m3 。     

Modelling of adequate pretwist for obtaining straight timber

Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.     

用碘结晶法测量针叶树材的微纤丝角

采用碘溶液和氢氧化钠两种溶液的混合液处理针叶树材管胞弦壁切片，并用干燥法脱除切片胞壁水，对碘结晶法测量木材微纤丝角的方法进行改良．结果表明，切片的木素脱除干净彻底，次生壁微纤丝之间易形成空隙，有利于碘离子进入其中形成碘结晶，可清晰地观察到微纤丝的走向，有利于有效而准确地测量微纤丝角，与改良前进行比较，具有省时省力，节约经费的优点．     

Improvement of dispersing property of sodium sulfite-formal-dehydeanthraquinone pulping effluent by treatment withCoriolus versicolor

A strain of the fungusCoriolus versicolor was inoculated periodically into potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants containing the effluent to enhance the natural ability to grow in the effluent. The acclimated strain grown in the 50% effluent-containing PDA slant and the original strain were employed to treat the effluent. The acclimated strain could grow in a higher concentration of the effluent than the original unacclimated one. Both the original and acclimated strains improved the dispersing ability of the effluent, especially the acclimated strain because of its higher laccase secretion. The dispersing ability of the SFP effluent was improved to a level comparable to a commercial lignosulfonate product because it was strongly polymerized by the fungus. During the fungal treatment, more than 50% of the sugars were removed from the effluent, thereby increasing the purity of the SFP lignin product.This work was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, April 3–5, 1998, Shizuoka, Japa     

Penetration and infection processes in japanese cedar twig blight caused byStromatinia cryptomeriae

The diversity of host invasion mechanisms of the causal pathogen of Japanese cedar twig blight (Stromatinia cryptomeriae) was elucidated through detailed investigations of the disease cycle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that ascospores began to germinate, and invade male strobilus tissue, within 24 h after arriving on the strobili. This involved direct penetration of the cuticle, and examination by SEM showed that cuticle degeneration had occurred around the point of penetration. A mucilage-like-substance was also observed around the tips of the germ tubes. Meanwhile field studies showed that incipient mycelial mat emerged from the bases of male strobilus in early June, and ceased growing onto the surface of the twig at the beginning of July. Macroscopically, the mycelial mat began to shed in mid-July, and disappeared completely during the summer season by the end of August. Immediately after the mat disappeared the first necrotic symptoms became evident on the twigs. This suggested strongly that these mats were involved in lesion formation. Observations of the mat’s behavior on the surface of twigs with light and differential interference microscopy, and SEM, showed thatS. cryptomeriae had two modes of invasion,i.e. stomatal and cuticular invasion. Hyphae from the mat were able to enter twig tissues through the stomata. Additionally, mycelial mat infected host tissue directly by hyphal penetration of the cuticle at the axes of cedar twigs. The mat was able to grow along the twig surface, then hyphae forming mat entered the host tissue and caused necrotic lesions. This paper describes the mechanisms of infection on both a strobilus and twig utilized by the pathogen of Japanese cedar twig blight.     

生态型造林与传统造林的杉木林邻体干扰效应比较

为了比较杉木生态型造林和传统造林邻体对杉木基株干扰效应的差异,阐明生态型造林的优越性,避免造林地滋生大量五节芒,在不影响杉木生长的前提下解决传统造林中出现的炼山和抚育造成的水土流失、地力衰退、生物多样性减少和人工成本高等问题,为今后造林工作提供技术支撑。本研究选用生态型造林与传统造林两种类型造林8年生生长数据,采用邻体干扰指数模型的方法,研究两种造林类型邻体对杉木的干扰效应。结果表明:生态型造林地中有灌木植物22种、草本植物4种;传统造林地中五节芒占草本植物总数量的91.8%,仅有灌木植物7种、其它草本植物1种,前者林地灌木层和草本层的丰富度指数和香农维纳指数均大于后者。测得两者初始个体高第1、2年平均生长速度分别为86.8 cm/a、31.9 cm/a和94.2 cm/a、51.9 cm/a,灌木植物第1、2年的平均生长速度分别为48.7 cm/a和53.3 cm/a,草本植物的平均生长速度为55.7 cm/a;两者8年生杉木平均高和平均胸径分别为6.4 m、5.8 m和7.9 cm、8.7 cm。生态型造林地中灌木层干扰效应强于传统造林,主要干扰物种有4种,平均干扰指数为2.40;后者林地中草本层干扰效应强于前者,主要干扰物种有1种,平均干扰指数为0.42。生态型造林初始个体高较大,第1、2年平均生长速度大于灌、草植物,无缓苗期,造林后快速生长,对造林初期生长速度促进作用明显;传统造林初始个体高较小,有缓苗期,第1、2年平均生长速度小于灌、草植物,林地必需进行抚育。分别拟合两者总干扰指数与杉木基株大小、基株生长速度唐守正树高曲线,知其均呈显著负相关关系,前者抵抗邻体干扰能力强于后者,个体大小受邻体的影响较小,邻体对基株生长的整体干扰作用要小于后者。生态型造林不抚育促使杉木个体高生长较快,传统造林由于频繁抚育杉木个体胸径生长较快。生态型造林炼山为五节芒提供了良好的生长环境,前者无炼山抚育,生物多样性丰富,抑制五节芒生长。     

压力对竹材中防腐剂渗透性影响的初步研究

以市售精刨毛竹条为研究对象,通过加压渗透的方式促使甲苯胺蓝染色剂、硫酸铜防腐剂在竹条中快速渗透,分析防腐剂有效成分在竹材中渗透与截留规律。结果显示：随着压力的增大,染料在竹材中的渗透时间急剧减少,渗透速度增大,压力与渗透速度的关系符合Poiseuille公式;当压力为0.2~0.4 MPa时,染料在竹材中明显截留,出液端渗透出的液体接近无色;染料在渗透过程中,竹黄部分的染色效果低于竹青部分,染料在竹青中的渗透距离要大于竹黄;以硫酸铜溶液（CuSO₄）在不同压力和不同浓度下对竹材进行加压浸渍,压力对加压端至0.5 m处的铜含量的降幅影响明显,随竹材长度的增加,竹材中铜含量出现迅速降低—缓慢降低的转变过程。加压浸注防腐剂有利于防腐剂的纵向和横向渗透效率,压力的调控可以促进防腐剂的横向渗透及其在竹材中的截留,渗透效果随渗透距离的增加而降低。