ANXA2与ERp29在正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中的表达与定位

旨在探讨膜联蛋白A2(annexin A2,ANXA2)与内质网蛋白29(endoplasmic reticulum protein 29,ERp29)基因在正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊(Ovis aries)乳腺组织中的表达与定位。选取正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊各3只,采集乳腺组织,通过qRT-PCR、免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)和免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)方法检测正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中ANXA2与ERp29mRNA和蛋白的表达与定位。结果表明,ANXA2在临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中mRNA的表达极显著高于正常型(P0.01),而该蛋白的表达却极显著低于正常型(P0.01);ERp29在临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中mRNA与蛋白表达均极显著高于正常型(P0.01)。ANXA2和ERp29分别在正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中均有阳性反应,且主要定位于乳腺上皮细胞。综上表明,ANXA2与ERp29在正常与临床型乳房炎绵羊乳腺组织中的表达均差异显著,其可能参与了绵羊乳房炎的发生与发展的调控。     

蹄叶炎奶牛血浆蛋白质组学2-DE图谱的构建及分析

采集患病牛和健康牛血浆,用人白蛋白和IgG抗体去除其高丰度蛋白后,通过双向凝脉电泳(Two dimension-al gel electrophoresis,2-DE)技术和PDQuest分析软件比较2组间血浆蛋白组表达差异.结果显示,蹄叶炎奶牛血浆2-DE图谱中有39个蛋白斑点表达上调,23个蛋白斑点表达下调,共检测到62个差异蛋白点.结果表明,奶牛发生蹄叶炎时,其血浆蛋白组表达模式发生了改变,这种改变可能与蹄叶炎的发病机制密切相关.     

乳房炎奶牛部分血液生化指标的变化

随机选取21头临床健康荷斯坦奶牛(CMT检测呈阴性)、19头隐性乳房炎奶牛(CMT检测呈阳性)、33头临床型乳房炎奶牛,分别于颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)以及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG等生化指标.结果表明,临床型乳房炎奶牛血清中碱性磷酸酶、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的活性显著高于健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛(P<0.01或P<0.05),临床型奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白Isa、IgM、IgG的含量显著高于健康奶牛(P<0.01或P<0.05).隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中碱性磷酸酶、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的活性和免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG的含量高于健康奶牛,但差异不显著(P>0.05);3组奶牛血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05).     

大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛血浆的比较蛋白质组研究

大肠杆菌是奶牛乳房炎的主要病原微生物之一,为了分析大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛血浆蛋白的表达变化,探索其防御机制。通过乳汁微生物培养的方法选择仅由大肠杆菌自然感染的隐性乳房炎奶牛。采用二维凝胶电泳技术分离大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛和临床健康奶牛的血浆蛋白和ProteoMiner试剂盒富集的中低丰度蛋白,凝胶用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色后,用图像分析软件检测血浆表达的差异蛋白点并用液质联用质谱鉴定。结果发现,大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛血浆中有19个蛋白点的表达量发生改变,其中15个蛋白点鉴定为7种蛋白质。在大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛血浆中结合珠蛋白、α1酸性糖蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白A等蛋白的表达量增加。并用ELISA法测定血浆结合珠蛋白的结果也发现,大肠杆菌性乳房炎奶牛血浆结合珠蛋白水平显著高于健康牛(P0.01)。表明大肠杆菌感染造成了奶牛血浆蛋白的表达发生了变化,对这些表达变化蛋白的解析有利于探索机体的防御机制,同时为疾病的诊断和治疗提供科学依据。     

奶牛乳房炎的综合防治

乳房炎是奶牛的常见疾病,对奶牛业的发展影响很大。主要是因为细菌、霉形体、真菌、病毒等经乳腺管进入乳腺组织而引起发病。1奶牛乳房炎和临床表现奶牛乳房炎根据有无临床症状可将其分为临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎两种,一般认为临床型占30%,隐性型占70%。据调查,我国奶牛养殖水平较高的上海、     

奶牛乳汁外泌体中乳房炎抗性相关microRNA的筛选与功能分析

奶牛乳汁外泌体中的microRNA(miRNA)在乳腺癌、炎症和其他乳腺疾病发生时起着关键的调控作用,为了解及分析乳汁外泌体中可能存在的参与奶牛乳房炎抗性的miRNA,以健康牛及乳房炎奶牛乳腺组织差异表达miRNA为背景,结合目前已知的奶牛乳汁外泌体miRNA,利用Targetscan、miRDB、miRanda、Vesiclepedia、DAVID等生物信息学分析系统及数据库系统,筛选奶牛乳汁外泌体中可能参与奶牛乳房炎抗性的miRNA,并对其序列保守性、候选靶基因及靶基因参与的调控功能通路等进行预测与分析。结果表明,健康奶牛与乳房炎奶牛乳腺组织中存在显著表达差异的miRNA 29个;Vesiclepedia数据库和NCBI检索文献共获得奶牛乳汁外泌体中的miRNA 66个,其中miR-223、miR-125b、miR-378b在两数据中共存,并在人与奶牛及其他哺乳动物之间高度保守。候选靶基因的KEGG功能通路分析显示,MAPK,p53、PI3K-Akt及miRNA的癌症作用、内质网蛋白加工、溶酶体和细胞凋亡等通路均被显著富集。表明外泌体中存在的3个miRNA对奶牛乳房炎发生时的炎症反应及免疫应答均可起重要调控作用,但其具体分子机制仍有待进一步验证。研究结果可为奶牛乳房炎分子辅助选择标记的筛选以及跨物种机体免疫调控的影响因素及作用机制研究提供参考。     

奶牛乳腺组织蛋白质样品的制备及2-DE图谱分析

本研究以奶牛乳腺组织为对象,采用了普通离心、超速离心、2-D clean-up kit和TCA/丙酮沉淀方法制备蛋白质样品,经二维凝胶电泳(2-DE)获得蛋白表达图谱。根据凝胶图谱上蛋白质斑点判断图谱的质量,并运用PDQuest7.4软件分析图谱。结果显示:普通离心法制备的蛋白样品的凝胶图谱蛋白质斑点较为清晰,但横向条纹较多;超速离心法纯化蛋白样品的图谱,蛋白斑点清晰且可检测到较多的斑点;TCA/丙酮沉淀和2-D clean-up kit方法纯化蛋白样品的凝胶图谱条纹减少,蛋白斑点清晰,但可检测到的斑点数量有所减少。研究表明,超速离心方法纯化的蛋白质样品适合建立奶牛乳腺组织的蛋白质表达图谱。     

乳房炎奶牛血液流变学指标及细胞因子的变化

随机选取63头荷斯坦奶牛,比较研究临床健康奶牛和乳房炎奶牛的血液病理学变化.结果表明:(1)临床型乳房炎奶牛在120,70,50,30 s-1等切变率下全血黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚积指数、红细胞刚性指数等血液流变学指标均显著高于健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛各项血液流变学指标均差异不显著(P＞0.05).(2)临床型乳房炎奶牛血清中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于健康奶牛(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),临床型乳房炎奶牛血清中IL-8、TNF-α水平显著高于隐性乳房炎奶牛(P＜0.05),而健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中各细胞因子水平均差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验证实了临床型乳房炎奶牛"血瘀证"的客观存在,乳腺炎症反应参与了血瘀证的形成,血液流变学指标和血清中IL-8、TNF-α可以用作乳房炎诊断和治疗效果的评价.     

奶牛患乳房炎期间血锌、铜和钴浓度的变化

本试验报道了奶牛患乳房炎期间一些微量元素的利用情况。试验选用两组奶牛一组患轻症乳房炎,一组患临床乳房炎,每组25头,所有奶牛日粮相同。结果表明患轻症乳房炎奶牛的血锌浓度(5.66±0.52)显著低于(P〈0.05)健康牛的血锌浓度(8.46±1.10)。然而,健康牛和患乳房炎奶牛的血铜、钴浓度差异不显著。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的诊断与防治

乳房炎是奶牛的常见病之一,是病原微生物侵入乳房引起乳腺实质和间质组织的炎症。乳腺受到侵害直接影响泌乳机能,使产奶量下降,严重时可因完全丧失泌乳能力而被淘汰。病原微生物污染乳汁,使奶的质量降低,还可危及人的健康。根据临床症状可分为:(1)临床型乳房炎:乳房明显肿胀,     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.