木纤维尺寸对聚乳酸木纤维复合材料性能的影响

采用3种长径比的杨木纤维作为原料,与聚乳酸复合制成木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料。通过对比3种复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度发现,含有中等尺寸木纤维复合材料的综合物理力学性能较高,而含有较小尺寸木纤维复合材料的拉伸强度较高,含有较大尺寸木纤维的样品综合性能较差。研究结果表明,纤维的分散性、体系的均匀性以及界面结合度对复合材料的各项物理力学性能影响最大,而木纤维的尺寸很大程度上决定了其分散性和界面结合面积,因此,添加适当尺寸的木材纤维能够对木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的力学性能产生相应的增强效果。     

光老化时间对旱柳枝桠材纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用自然光对比不同纤维含量木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料进行光照老化试验,对比经过不同时间光照后材料的弯曲性能以及拉伸性能的变化,分析光照时间对材料力学性能的影响。结果显示,加入木纤维后,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度均出现了先下降后上升的趋势,说明加入一定量的木纤维会对复合材料体系起到一定的增强作用;在受到一定时间的自然光照射后,纯聚乳酸材料和木纤维/聚乳酸材料的弯曲性能和拉伸性能均有显著降低,含有木纤维的复合材料强度降低较少。     

水降解对木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

聚乳酸是一种强度较高的聚酯类材料,其良好的降解性能在保证了其环保优势的同时,也对其物理力学性能产生一定影响。本研究将木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料置于水环境中进行水解处理,然后测试复合材料的力学性能。结果显示,将复合材料放置在水中一段时间后,复合材料的弯曲性能和拉伸性能都显著下降,木纤维含量越高,材料性能下降越明显。这说明水环境使聚乳酸分子链发生了水解反应,使材料性能下降;同时,木纤维的吸水膨胀和干燥收缩也使材料界面薄弱点增加,使材料性能有所下降。     

木纤维含量对注塑成型木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

利用注塑成型的工艺方式制备木纤维/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,研究了较高木纤维含量对木纤维/PLA复合材料力学性能的影响。研究发现,木纤维的加入对复合材料体系的力学性能有显著的影响。加入木纤维后,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度都有微小的降低,弹性模量和拉伸模量有显著提高;但随着加入木纤维含量的提高,复合材料体系弯曲强度和拉伸强度会有所回升。     

聚乙二醇对表面改性CNF/PLA复合材料性能的影响

目前,溶液浇铸法制备纳米纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料,常将纳米纤维素直接加入聚乳酸,导致制备的复合材料各项机械性能普遍降低。为了改善其机械性能,笔者采用聚乙二醇2000作为塑化剂处理纳米纤维素,制备聚乳酸/纳米纤维素/聚乙二醇三相复合材料。通过对复合材料的微观形貌观测,力学性能分析和热稳定性分析来确定聚乙二醇的影响机制。试验结果表明,添加2%～4%聚乙二醇2000的三相复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度与断裂伸长率得到了提高,材料的热稳定性相对纯聚乳酸发生了下降。而随着聚乙二醇含量逐渐增加至8%,材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度与断裂伸长率都出现了降低,而其热稳定性回升,复合材料的玻璃化转化温度(TG)大约提升了5～6℃。同时,研究发现保持一定的聚乙二醇/纳米纤维素添加比例可获得分散均匀、性能优良的复合材料,团聚现象明显减少。综上,经过一定量的聚乙二醇2000表面改性可促进纳米纤维素在聚乳酸中的均匀分散,从而增强复合材料的综合机械性能。     

针状木纤维/HDPE复合材料的力学性能

采用一步法连续挤出技术将杨木针状纤维与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行熔融复合制备木塑复合材料(NF-WPC).用正交试验法分析纤维尺寸、纤维添加量、偶联剂含量和润滑剂含量4个因子对NF-WPC力学性能影响的显著性;用扫描电子显微镜观察分析NF-WPC中木纤维与HDPE的界面结合状况;提出优化的工艺配方并与相同木材含量的木粉/HDPE复合材料进行对比研究.结果表明:针状木纤维的含量对NF_WPC冲击强度影响显著,对弯曲性能和拉伸性能的影响高度显著;偶联剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)的添加量对NF_WPC的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度影响显著;在本文的试验范围内,木纤维尺寸和润滑剂石蜡的含量对NF-WPC力学性能的影响不显著.确定的优化工艺配方为:木纤维长度为3～4mm、长径比为8～11,木纤维含量60%,MAPE含量4%,石蜡含量0.3%;采用优化工艺制备的NF_WPC的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量和冲击强度分别为58.7 MPa、3.0 GPa、39.6 MPa、4.0 GPa和12.7 kJ·m-2.除冲击韧性略低外,用优化工艺配方制备的NF_WPC其他力学性能均高于用同比例木粉制备的木塑复合材料.     

纳米Al_2O_3/PP/木纤维复合材料力学性能研究

通过偶联剂KH550改性纳米Al_2O_3后加入到木纤维中,再与PP进行混炼,热压成型,制得复合材料。测试其力学性能并利用红外、扫描电镜进行表征。分析表明KH550能够很好地改性纳米Al_2O_3,添加纳米Al_2O_3改善了PP和木纤维之间的界面相容性,宏观上表现为力学性能提高。当纳米Al_2O_3添加质量分数为5%时,复合材料的力学性能提升最大,其弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度分别是43.79 MPa,3817 MPa,7.515 KJ·M2,对比未添加纳米粒子的复合材料分别提升55%、34%、21%。     

不同制备工艺对木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

采用双螺旋挤出成型、模压成型和注塑成型3种不同成型工艺制备木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料,通过对比不同制备方法对复合材料密度、静曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击韧性的影响可知:使用挤出成型方法制备的木纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的密度最大,各项物理力学性能也显著高于使用注塑法和模压成型制备的复合材料试件。     

木纤维-LDPE复合材料力学性能分析

该文按照木纤维和低密度聚乙烯塑料(LDPE)熔融挤出工艺来制造木塑复合材料,并对挤出产品进行力学性能分析,从而确定该复合材料的基本力学性能参数,为工业化生产提供依据和质量控制方向。结果表明:适量添加木纤维和润滑剂可以有效改善木纤维-LDPE复合材料的抗拉伸性能;润滑剂的添加又可有效抑制添加木纤维造成的抗弯曲性能下降;添加适量的偶联剂可以有效提高复合材料的抗拉伸和抗弯曲性能。     

竹纤维增强聚己内酯复合材料制备工艺

将竹纤维(BF)和聚己内酯(PCL)熔融共混模压制备竹纤维增强聚己内酯(BF/PCL)复合材料,采用硅烷偶联剂(KH560)做界面调控。结合力学、红外、扫描电镜及凝胶色谱等分析检测,确定最佳偶联剂用量和最佳模压温度。结果表明:偶联剂用量为1%(占纤维绝干重量)时,复合材料力学性能较佳,冲击、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为13.72 kJ/m~2,12.71 MPa和6.28%;模压温度为90℃时,复合材料的冲击、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率分别达到15.02 kJ/m~2、14.21 MPa和7.21%,力学性能优良。     

The properties of flax fiber reinforced wood flour/high density polyethylene composites

Flax fiber(FF) was used to reinforce wood flour/high density polyethylene composites(WF/PE).WF/PE particles were uniformly mixed with FF via high-speed mixing and then extruded with a single screw extruder to prepare FF reinforced WF/PE composites(FF/WF/PE).Mechanical testing,dynamic mechanical analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),creep measurement and Torque rheology were used to characterize the resulting composites.The results indicate that the mechanical performance of the composites could be remarkably improved by adding a limited amount of FF.The flexural strength and modulus increased by 14.6 and 51.4%,respectively(FF content of 9 wt%),while the unnotched impact strength could be increased by 26.5%(FF content of12 wt%).The creep resistance and toughness of thecomposite was markedly improved without changing the plastic content of the composite material.     

二次正交旋转试验对麦秸塑料复合材料冲击强度影响

选用农作物秸秆-麦秸粉和热塑性塑料-高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）为原料，添加马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）为改性剂，利用单双螺杆挤出机组，采用熔融挤出方式制备麦秸塑料复合材料。在其它条件固定的情况下，研究双螺杆挤出机温度、转速和麦秸粉含量等因素对麦秸塑料复合材料冲击强度的影响，设计二次正交旋转回归组合试验方案对双螺杆挤出工艺进行优化。麦秸塑料复合材料的冲击强度与双螺杆挤出机的温度和转速以及原料中麦秸粉添加比例存在一定的相关性，通过试验建立了麦秸塑料复合材料冲击强度（y）对双螺杆挤出机温度（x1）、转速（x2）、麦秸粉比例（x3）三个试验因素之间的正交回归模型方程：y=17．98106—0．82505x1^2-0．94349x2^2-1．00182x3^2；；从模型推知，当温度为160℃、双螺杆转速为30rpm和麦秸粉用量为60％时，冲击强度达到最大值17．98kJ／m2，实验验证结果与模型值相符。研究结果对提高麦秸塑料复合材料冲击强度和优化工艺参数具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。     

Effect of organoclay platelets on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites formulated with virgin and recycled polypropylene

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of organoclay platelet contents (0, 3 and 5 wt%) and polypropylene type (virgin and recycled) on the mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites. Composite samples were made by melt compounding and consequent injection moulding. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of resultant composites were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of composites with 3 and 5% nanoclay content was also conducted. The results indicated that tensile and flexural properties of the composites increased with the addition of nanoclay particles up to 3 wt% and decreased thereafter. The impact strength of the composites, however, decreased with the incorporation of nanoclay. The mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene-based nanocomposites were statistically comparable with those based on virgin polypropylene. XRD analysis revealed that the degree of intercalation in the nanocomposites containing 3% nanoclay was higher than in those containing 5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that recycled polypropylene could be used instead of virgin polypropylene in the production of value-added products with no significant adverse effects on the mechanical properties.     

Effect of Wood Variables on the Properties of Wood Fiber-Polypropylene Composites

The effect of wood species (Chinese fir and Poplar), wood fiber content (10%, 25%, 40%) and wood fiber sizes (16 to 32 mesh, 32-65 mesh, above 65 mesh) on the properties of the wood fiber-Polypropylene composites were studied in this paper. The results indicate that the effect of wood fiber content and size in composite were more important than that of chosen wood species. Compared with polypropylene without wood fiber, the flexural strength of the composites increased when adding wood fiber into polypropylene, but the tensile and unnotched charpy impact strength decreased. And the above strength decreased with the wood fiber content increasing. When the wood fiber size becoming smaller (in higher mesh), the strength increased. In the comparison of wood species, the properties of composite using Chinese fir wood were better than that of Poplar, but not significant. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites and PP were also tested and analyzed in this paper.     

Mechanical properties of natural fiber composites produced using dynamic sheet former

ABSTRACT

Composites formed from wood fibers and man-made cellulosic fibers in PLA (polylactic acid) matrix, manufactured using sheet forming technique and hot pressing, are studied. The composites have very low density (due to high porosity) and rather good elastic modulus and tensile strength. As expected, these properties for the four types of wood fiber composites studied here improve with increasing weight fraction of fibers, even if porosity is also increasing. On the contrary, for man-made cellulosic fiber composites with circular fiber cross-section, the increasing fiber weight fraction (accompanied by increasing void content) has detrimental effect on stiffness and strength. The differences in behavior are discussed attributing them to fiber/ fiber interaction in wood fiber composites which does not happen in man-made fiber composites, and by rather weak fiber/matrix interface for man-made fibers leading to macro-crack formation in large porosity regions.     

Reinforcing effects of modified Kevlar® fiber on the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene composites

Kevlar fiber (KF) is a synthesized product with strong mechanical properties. We used KF as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites. KF was pretreated with NaOH to improve its compatibility with the thermoplastic matrix. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between KF, WF, and PP. Incorporation of KF improved the mechanical properties of WF/PP composites. Treatment of KF with NaOH resulted in further improvement in mechanical strength. Addition of 3% MAPP and 2% hydrolyzed KF (HKF) led to an increment of 93.8% in unnotched impact strength, 17.7% in notched impact strength, 86.8% in flexure strength, 50.8% in flexure modulus, and 94.1% in tensile strength compared to traditional WF/PP composites. Scanning electron microscopy of the cryoractured section of WF/PP showed that the HKF surface was rougher than the virgin KF, and the KF was randomly distributed in the composites, which might cause a mechanical interlocking between KF and polypropylene molecules in the composites.     

不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响研究

采用木材纤维分别与PE、PS、ABS、SAN四种塑料制成木塑复合材料，根据物理力学性能的检测，研究了不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：加入改性剂能改善木材纤维与所用塑料交接性能，改性剂可以提高复合材料的力学强度；不同的改性剂对复合材料的性能产生不同的影响，异氰酸酯胶改性效果比较好。木塑复合材料既保持了木质材料原来的优良品质，又具有塑料的一些特性，其防水性、尺寸稳定性、力学强度等指标均有较大改善。图5参6。     

Effect of the amount of lignin on tensile properties of single wood fibers

Chemical components are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of wood fibers. Lignin is one of the main components of wood cell walls and has a critical effect on the mechanical properties of paper pulp and wood fiber based composites. In this study, we carried out tensile tests on single mature latewood tracheids of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanciolata (Lamb.) Hook.), using three different delignified treatment methods to obtain different amounts of lignin. We applied single fiber tests to study the effect of the amount of lignin on mechanical tensile properties of single wood fibers at the cellular level. The results show that in their dry state, the modulus of elasticity of single fibers decreased with the reduction in the amount of lignin; even their absolute values were not high. The amount of lignin affects the tensile strength and elongation of single fibers considerably. Tensile strength and elongation of single fibers increase with a reduction in the amount of lignin.     

木粉增强P34HB生物复合材料的制备及其结构性能表征

【目的】通过木粉纤维增强生物塑料聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯(P34HB),为生物复合材料的理论研究和生物可降解塑料的广泛应用提供科学依据和理论支持。【方法】以毛白杨木粉和P34HB为原料,采用共混热压法制备P34HB/木粉生物复合材料,基于电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、动态热机械分析(DMA)和力学性能分析等手段对其结构和性能进行表征。【结果】随着木粉含量增加,生物复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弯曲强度先增加后减小,冲击强度逐渐下降,拉伸强度、弹性模量和杨氏模量分别增加89%、59%和103%,储能模量E′逐渐增加,tanδ峰值先下降后上升。生物复合材料的高频率模量大于低频率模量,动刚度比静刚度好。相比P34HB,生物复合材料的热分解区间变宽,热解速率变慢,热解剩余质量增加。【结论】随着木粉含量增加,P34HB分子链运动受阻,生物复合材料的储能模量和脆性增大;同时,木粉纤维的成核作用诱导P34HB形成结晶度高、层状结构发达的横晶层,木粉与P34HB之间界面结合力增强,力学性能和热稳定性明显提高。综合考虑,P34HB/木粉生物复合材料的最佳木粉加入量为50%。