不同浓度激素配比对重唇石斛组织培养的影响

以重唇石斛(Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f.)成熟种子为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究了植物生长调节素种类及浓度对重唇石斛继代增殖和生根的影响。结果表明:重唇石斛最佳的启动培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.5mg·L~(-1)。利于继代增殖的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.4mg·L~(-1)+KT 0.2mg·L~(-1)+AC 1.0g·L~(-1),最佳的生根壮苗培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mg·L~(-1)+NAA 2.0mg·L~(-1)+AC 1.0g·L~(-1),平均根长3.12cm,生根率达到90%以上。     

铁皮石斛优质试管苗繁育技术研究

以野生铁皮石斛为试材,采用限根培养法,研究了铁皮石斛种子非共生萌发特性及优质试管苗繁育技术。结果表明:授粉120d的种子达到生理成熟,能够顺利萌发;授粉140d种子达到形态成熟,萌发率可达98.51%;低温黑暗限制保存原球茎可控制其生长;在特定容器中用限根培养基MS+0.10mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.3mg·L~(-1) NAA+香蕉泥80g·L~(-1)培养小苗可得到优质试管苗;把试管苗移栽到松树皮中,成活率可达97.62%,该研究为铁皮石斛产业化育苗提供了新方法。     

矮壮素对油莎豆生理特性及内源激素含量变化的影响

以油莎豆‘石研2号’(河南圆粒)为试材,在其结块茎前期,用不同浓度梯度依次为0(CK)、100、500、1 000、1 500、2 000mg·L~(-1)的矮壮素(CCC)进行喷施,测定油莎豆株高、叶片叶绿素含量、块茎的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及内源激素含量,以研究植物生长调节剂矮壮素(CCC)对油料作物油莎豆生理特性及内源激素变化的影响。结果表明:矮壮素(CCC)施用浓度为500~2 000mg·L~(-1)时,均能显著降低株高(P0.05),并且可以提高油莎豆叶片叶绿素含量,以及块茎的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖的含量,其中经2 000mg·L~(-1)的矮壮素处理后效果最佳,株高降低了34.39%,叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量显著提高(P0.05),矮壮素(CCC)处理下油莎豆生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)均低于对照,脱落酸(ABA)含量高于对照,矮壮素(CCC)浓度与赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)含量呈负相关性,与脱落酸(ABA)含量呈正相关性;矮壮素(CCC)会抑制内源激素生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)的合成,对脱落酸(ABA)有促进作用。综合分析表明,矮壮素(CCC)的浓度为2 000mg·L~(-1)时不仅可以使油莎豆抗倒伏,同时可以增强油莎豆的光合作用能力以及抗性。     

新疆甜瓜“伽师”再生体系的建立

以厚皮甜瓜"伽师"为试材,研究了6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、硝酸银(AgNO3)对诱导不定芽的影响,建立以子叶为外植体的快速高效再生体系。选取5d的"伽师"无菌苗子叶,在添加了不同浓度6-BA的MSB培养基中诱导不定芽;并且探讨了在最适6-BA浓度的培养基中添加不同浓度AgNO3对诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明:甜瓜子叶外植体接种在MSB+1.5mg·L~(-1) 6-BA诱导分化培养基上,诱导率可达75%;添加不同浓度AgNO3诱导不定芽,以MSB+1.5mg·L~(-1)6-BA+2.0mg·L~(-1) AgNO3最适,诱导率可达65%,产生单芽较多,缩短了再生周期。丛生芽或单生不定芽转至MSB+0.1mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.1mg·L~(-1) GA3的培养基中伸长,不定芽均可伸长且生长状况良好;再将单芽转至MSB+0.01mg·L~(-1) NAA培养基进行生根。     

日光温室早春黄瓜叶片喷施赤霉素对生长和生理及产量的影响

以日光温室早春茬‘中农26’黄瓜为试验材料,分别用10、50、100和200 mg·L~(-1)的赤霉素(GA_3)溶液喷施叶片,以清水处理为对照,研究不同浓度GA3对生长、生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施GA_3处理可促进黄瓜生长。在试验浓度范围内,黄瓜株高,茎粗,叶片数,根系活力,色素含量,净光合速率(P_n)以及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)等矿质元素含量均以50 mg·L~(-1)处理最高,其中Pn比对照增加22.44%;叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加27.16%、24.22%和29.24%。同时,喷施GA3处理提高了黄瓜坐果率,从而使单株结果数和产量增加,其中50 mg·L~(-1)处理的产量为18.22 kg·m-2,比对照增加24%,且喷施GA3改善了黄瓜品质。喷施GA3可减轻早春日光温室亚适宜温光环境对黄瓜生长的不利影响,以50 mg·L~(-1)效果最好。     

霍山石斛的组织培养研究

以霍山石斛种子为外植体,不同激素为变量,筛选出霍山石斛种子萌发、增殖培养、生根壮苗培养各阶段适宜的培养基配方。结果表明,霍山石斛种子萌发适宜的培养基配方为花宝一号1.5g·L~(~(-1))+花宝二号0.5g·L~(-1)+6-BA0.5mg·L~(-1)+NAA0.3mg·L~(-1)+香蕉100g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30g·L~(-1)+琼脂4.75g·L~(-1)+碳粉0.5g·L~(-1)+肌醇100g·L~(-1)+牛肉蛋白胨1g·L~(-1),种子萌发状态好,颜色翠绿。继代增殖适宜的培养基配方为MS+香蕉100g/L+蔗糖30g/L+碳粉0.5g/L+牛肉蛋白胨1g/L+琼脂4.8g/L+6-BA1.5mg/L+KT1.5mg/L,霍山石斛增殖倍数达到2.5,增殖苗生长势较好,6-BA对霍山石斛增殖实验增殖的影响显著,NAA、KT对霍山石斛增殖的影响不显著。适宜的生根壮苗培养培养基配方为MS+香蕉100g/L+蔗糖30g/L+碳粉0.5g/L+牛肉蛋白胨1g/L+琼脂4.8g/L+6-BA1.5mg/L+NAA0.5~(-1)mg/L+IBA1~(-1).5mg/L。霍山石斛试管苗长势较好,茎粗壮,平均生根数达到9根以上。6-BA对霍山石斛生根壮苗培养株高影响极显著,IBA对霍山石斛生根壮苗培养株高影响显著,6-BA对霍山石斛生根培养茎粗效果极显著。     

促进铁皮石斛原球茎中多糖和生物碱积累研究

以铁皮石斛原球茎为试材,为优化原球茎培养和提高有效物质的积累,研究了培养液中不同pH对原球茎生物量及有效物质含量的影响。同时,在培养初期向培养液中分别添加不同浓度的诱导子(壳聚糖、普鲁兰多糖)以及2种诱导子的混合液,以未加入诱导子的培养基作为对照,对原球茎生物量及有效物质含量进行了测定。结果表明:当培养液pH为5.8时,原球茎生长最好,且多糖(4.93g·L~(-1))和生物碱(3.15mg·L~(-1))生产量达到最高。30mg·L~(-1)壳聚糖和200mg·L~(-1)普鲁兰多糖单独处理,有利于原球茎中多糖和生物碱的积累。但当壳聚糖浓度为15mg·L~(-1),普鲁兰多糖浓度为100mg·L~(-1)混合处理后,发现原球茎中多糖和生物碱的积累量明显提高,多糖含量达到322.8mg·g-1 DW,生产量达到6.75g·L~(-1),而生物碱含量达到242.7μg·g-1 DW,生产量达到5.07mg·L~(-1)。因此,通过调节培养条件可有效地促进铁皮石斛原球茎中多糖和生物碱积累,为铁皮石斛产品生产提供了一种新的材料。     

赤霉素对萝卜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以萝卜品种"洛育201"种子为试材,采用不同浓度(0、5、10、20、30、40mg·L~(-1))的赤霉素(GA3)对萝卜种子及幼苗进行处理,研究了GA3对萝卜种子发芽率及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同浓度GA3可以促进萝卜种子萌发,能够显著提高萝卜幼苗根长、根系活力、株高,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量,可显著降低丙二醛含量。GA3浓度为20mg·L~(-1)时对萝卜种子萌发的促进作用最大,GA3浓度为10mg·L~(-1)时对萝卜幼苗生长的促进作用最大。     

金叶锦带组培技术

以金叶锦带的腋芽为外植体,采用组织培养法,通过在培养基中添加不同浓度激素,筛选最佳培养基,为金叶锦带的大面积推广提供技术支撑。结果表明:最佳诱导培养基为MS+0.6mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.1mg·L~(-1) NAA+蔗糖30g·L~(-1)+琼脂7g·L~(-1),诱导率达86.3%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.0 mg·L~(-1) GA3+蔗糖30g·L~(-1)+琼脂7g·L~(-1),增殖系数7.250 6;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0mg·L~(-1) IBA+蔗糖30g·L~(-1)+琼脂7g·L~(-1),生根率100.0%。     

壳寡糖对NaCl胁迫下耐盐性不同西瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

【目的】壳寡糖能够诱导植物抵抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫,探究NaCl胁迫下壳寡糖对耐盐性不同的西瓜幼苗生理特性的影响,以期为西瓜抗性育种和盐碱地西瓜栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以2个西瓜材料(‘HQ-2’和‘HQ-3’)为试材,研究在180 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl胁迫下,壳寡糖对耐盐性不同的西瓜幼苗地下和地上部干鲜质量、光合色素含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性和MDA含量的影响。【结果】添加1 g·L~(-1)的壳寡糖可以一定程度提高西瓜幼苗的地下和地上部干鲜质量,增加叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量。在处理10 d后,在180 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl胁迫下和壳寡糖+180 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl处理下不耐盐材料‘HQ-2’的SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量均低于对应的耐盐材料‘HQ-3’,而不耐盐材料‘HQ-2’POD活性高于耐盐材料‘HQ-3’。【结论】添加壳寡糖对不耐盐材料在180 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl胁迫下缓解作用显著,对耐盐材料虽有促进作用,但效果不显著。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量