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1.
Nevcihan Gursoy Bektas Tepe 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):135-140
This study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and the amount of total phenolics of the methanol extracts of Ballota rotundifolia L. and Teucrium chamaedrys C. Koch. In the case of antimicrobial activity tests, polar sub-fractions of the methanol extracts of plant species exhibited
weakest antimicrobial activity when compared with the non-polar ones. While, non-polar sub-fraction of B. rotundifolia showed moderate activity against A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and the yeasts, T. chamaedrys performed excellent activity pattern against all of the tested microorganisms. The sub-fractions were also screened for their
possible antioxidant activities by two complementary tests, namely DPPH free radical-scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Non-polar extracts of the plant species remained inactive in both test systems. On the other
hand polar extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activities. In DPPH system, free radical scavenging effect of T. chamaedrys was measured as 18.00 ± 1.42 μg.mg−1. It is extremely important to point out that, polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys is found as effective as the positive control BHT. Non-polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys found to have the highest total phenolic amount (97.12 ± 1.28 μg/mg). Results obtained from this experiment confirm the relationship
between the amount of phenolics and biological activities. 相似文献
2.
Milovanović V Radulović N Todorović Z Stanković M Stojanović G 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):113-119
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of five Equisetum species, E. arvense L., E. sylvaticum L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L. and E. telmateia Ehrh., growing-wild in Serbia were evaluated for their genotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and the results
related to the total phenol content and HPLC flavonoid profiles. The total phenol content was 92–349 μmol expressed as equivalents
of chlorogenic acid per g of dried plant material. Main identified compounds were kaempferol-, quercetin- glycosides and caffeic
acid derivatives. E. telmateia extract showed the greatest antioxidant capacity. Almost all tested microorganisms demonstrated some degree of sensitivity
to the examined extracts. All tested extracts at 62.5 μg/ml showed higher incidence of micronucleus formation than in the
control sample. The obtained data allowed mutual comparison of examined species and their assessment as possible sources of
antioxidants, antimicrobials and/or genotoxic substances. 相似文献
3.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark extracts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Vzquez E. Fontenla J. Santos M.S. Freire J. Gonzlez-lvarez G. Antorrena 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(3):279-285
Chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark, waste products of the food and wood industries, respectively, were analysed as potential sources of antioxidant compounds. The extraction yield, the antioxidant activity and total phenols content of the extracts were greater in chestnut shell than in eucalyptus bark for most of the extraction conditions essayed. Extraction of chestnut shell with a 2.5% Na2SO3 aqueous solution led to the highest extraction yield, 25.6%, total phenols, 13.4 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g oven-dried shell, and FRAP antioxidant activity, 80.7 mmol ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g oven-dried shell. Extraction with methanol:water (50:50, v/v) provided the best results for eucalyptus bark. The antioxidant activity and the total phenols content of the extracts had a positive linear correlation. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the higher content of phenolic compounds in chestnut shell extracts compared to eucalyptus bark extracts. Chestnut shell extracts were characterized by the presence of high molecular weight species whereas lower molecular weight species were predominant in eucalyptus bark extracts. 相似文献
4.
López V Akerreta S Casanova E García-Mina JM Cavero RY Calvo MI 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(4):151-155
Eighty-eight extracts of different polarity obtained from 18 Lamiaceae medicinal and aromatic plants were screened for their
antioxidant and antifungal properties. A TLC analysis combined with two bioassays were used to detect these activities. In
most cases the highest radical scavenger capacity was detected in methanolic and aqueous extracts and polyphenols may be responsible.
The most interesting antioxidant activity was observed in polar extracts obtained from Lycopus europaeus, Melissa officinalis, Origanum vulgare subsp. virens and Lavandula latifolia. On the contrary, the best results for the antifungal test against Rhizopus stolonifer were produced by non-polar herbal extracts. Phlomis lychnitis, Salvia pratensis and Calamintha sylvatica caused the highest inhibition on Rhizopus growth. 相似文献
5.
Wild Solanum species are characterized by several types of glycoalkaloids (GAs), which are usually not found in commercial potato cultivars.
These alkaloids serve as defence compounds against herbivores and microorganisms, especially fungi. In this study, the GA
composition of tuber and leaf material of 17 wild Solanum species was analysed qualitatively by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and quantitatively
by high-performance liquid chromatography. The GAs identified were α-solanine, α-chaconine, β-chaconine, solasonine, solamargine,
demissine, dehydrodemissine, α-tomatine, dehydrotomatine, commersonine, dehydrocommersonine, leptine I and leptine II. Most
species accumulated the common potato GAs α-solanine and α-chaconine in tubers and solasonine and solamargine additionally
in leaves. In some species, such as S. acaule ssp. acaule, S. demissum and S. polyadenium, substantial amounts of unusual alkaloids were detected. By using LC-ESI-MS, we detected several minor alkaloids such as
dehydrogenated forms of α-tomatine, demissine and commersonine for the first time. Total GA content, expressed as the sum
of the four main alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, solamargine and solasonine differed from species to species. In general,
GA contents in leaf tissue were higher and GA patterns were more complex than those of tubers. 相似文献
6.
Laura M. Bystrom Betty A. Lewis Dan L. Brown Eloy Rodriguez Ralph L. Obendorf 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):160-166
Edible fruits of the native South American tree Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. are consumed fresh or in traditional food, drink and medicinal preparations. Some therapeutic effects of these fruits
may be due to phenolics and sugars. Aqueous acetone, methanol or ethanol tissue extracts of different cultivars or collections
of M. bijugatus fruits from the Dominican Republic and Florida were analyzed for total phenolics and free radical scavenging activity by
UV-vis spectroscopy, sugars by gas chromatography, and antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion assay. Total phenolics
and free radical scavenging activities ranked: seed coat > embryo > pulp extracts. Montgomery cultivar fruits had the highest
total phenolics. For sugars: pulp > embryo and highest in Punta Cana fruit pulp. In all extracts: sucrose > glucose and fructose.
Glucose:fructose ratios were 1:1 (pulp) and 0.2:1 (embryo). Pulp extracts had dose-response antibacterial activity and pulp
and embryo extracts had antifungal activity against one yeast species. Phenolics and sugars were confirmed with thin-layer
chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Sugar-free pulp fractions containing phenolics had slightly more antimicrobial
activity than H2O-soluble pulp fractions with sugars. Results indicate M. bijugatus fruits contain phenolics, sugars and other H2O-soluble compounds consistent with therapeutic uses.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
7.
Monsuang Yangthong Nongporn Hutadilok-Towatana Wutiporn Phromkunthong 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):218-223
The aqueous extracts of four marine algae, Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa, Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. tenuistipitata, Sargassum sp., and Ulva lactuca, from the coastal areas in Southern Thailand, were prepared by boiling dried seaweed powder in water for 3 h, and by autoclaving
each sample at 120 °C for 3 h. They were then freeze-dried and evaluated for their antioxidant activities using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl),
hydroxyl radical (OH•) and superoxide anion (O2•−) scavenging assays. Boiling extracts of the seaweeds, except C. racemosa, were found to have higher total phenolic contents (TPC) than those obtained from the autoclave method. The antioxidant results
also showed that O2•− scavenging activity existed only in the boiling extracts of C. racemosa, G. tenuistipitata, and U. lactuca. In DPPH and OH• assays, however, almost all the boiling extracts were less active than the autoclave ones. Among the four alga species, Sargassum sp. was the most active. Both extracts of this seaweed had the highest TPC and also displayed the strongest DPPH• and OH• inhibitory activities. A strong positive-correlation between the antioxidant potency and TPC of the autoclave extracts was
found, while for the boiling extracts such relation was very weak. This result thus reflected that in addition to the phenolic
compounds, there might be some other active components present in these extracts involved in the antioxidant activity. 相似文献
8.
Chen IN Chang CC Ng CC Wang CY Shyu YT Chang TL 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(1):15-20
The rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family are a vegetable widely used in many Asian countries, and their medicinal functions
have been broadly discussed and accepted in many traditional recipes. In this study, 18 species of five genus of Zingiberaceae
plants from Taiwan area were collected and analyzed for their functional properties. Methanolic extracts of the plants were
analyzed for their total phenol compounds, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antimicrobial
activity of these samples was also determined. The results showed that the total phenol compounds of the Alpinia genus averaged 17, 30 mg/g for Curcumas, and the highest, 36.5 mg/g for Vanoverberghia sasakiana. Antioxidant performances were best observed in Vanoverberghia and Hedychium, both 89%, and DPPH scavenging activity followed similar trends. Particularly, Zingiber oligophyllum, considered as a traditional medicinal plant used in Taiwan exhibited low DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. Most
Zingiberaceae plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested food microorganisms. Hedychium and Vanoverberghia, did not show antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study is a positive demonstration of the utility of screening Taiwan’s endemic Zingiberaceous plants for their food
and medicinal uses. 相似文献
9.
Lee BB Cha MR Kim SY Park E Park HR Lee SC 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(2):79-84
Organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) extracts and water extracts of cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) blossoms were prepared, and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. Methanolic CBE (100 μg/ml) showed the
highest total phenol content (104.30 μM), radical scavenging activity (34.2%), and reducing power (0.391). The effect of CBE
on DNA damage induced by H2O2 in human leukocytes was evaluated by Comet assay. All CBE was a potent dose dependent inhibitor of DNA damage induced by
200 μM of H2O2, methanolic CBE showed the most strong inhibition activity. The methanolic CBE of 500 μg/ml showed 38.8% inhibition against
growth of human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results indicated that cherry blossoms could provide valuable bioactive
materials. 相似文献
10.
Summary The kinetics of accumulation of phytoalexins, glycoalkaloids and phenolics was studied in two potato cultivars differing in
their degrees of field resistance when infected withPhytophthora infestans. Tuber slices and leaves of cvs Pampeana INTA (high degree of field resistance, free of R genes) and Bintje (susceptible)
were infected with race C (complex race 1, 3, 5, 7, 11) ofPhytophthora infestans. Phytoalexins and phenolics accumulated in tuber and leaf tissues which had been inoculated. The levels of these compounds
in the susceptible cv. Bintje were relatively low and similar to those found before inoculation. Leaves of cv. Pampeana INTA
had a very high glycoalkaloid content, suggesting that glycoalkaloids may play a role in protection of leaves against the
fungus. However, we could find no correlation between resistance and glycoalkaloid content of tubers. Our results suggest
a major role of phytoalexins, phenolics and glycoalkaloids in the complex mechanisms of field resistance. 相似文献
11.
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic assessment of marine cyanobacteria - Synechocystis and Synechococcus 下载免费PDF全文
Aqueous extracts and organic solvent extracts of isolated marine cyanobacteria strains were tested for antimicrobial activity against a fungus, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and for cytotoxic activity against primary rat hepatocytes and HL-60 cells. Antimicrobial activity was based on the agar diffusion assay. Cytotoxic activity was measured by apoptotic cell death scored by cell surface evaluation and nuclear morphology. A high percentage of apoptotic cells were observed for HL-60 cells when treated with cyanobacterial organic extracts. Slight apoptotic effects were observed in primary rat hepatocytes when exposed to aqueous cyanobacterial extracts. Nine cyanobacteria strains were found to have antibiotic activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosum and Cellulomonas uda. No inhibitory effects were found against the fungus Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria. Marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus extracts induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells and cause inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria. The different activity in different extracts suggests different compounds with different polarities. 相似文献
12.
Jaewoong Lee Royall M. Broughton Akin Akdag S. D. Worley Tung S. Huang 《Fibers and Polymers》2007,8(2):148-154
N-halamines serve as important antimicrobial agents. Development of this class of compounds has been shown to provide benefits
especially from a biocidal point of view. A novels-triazine-basedN-heterocycle, dichloro-m-aminophenyl-hydantoinyl-s-triazine (DAPHT), which could be rendered antimicrobial through exposure to diluted chlorine bleach, was synthesized and
characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, and FT-IR. A finishing method was used to apply theN-halamine precursor onto cotton fabric, and the optimum conditions for finishing were investigated. The DAPHT-treated cotton
fabric had durable antimicrobial properties up to 50 standard washing cycles and was rechargeable under normal laundry/bleaching
conditions. The antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. 相似文献
13.
Zoran Maksimovi 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(3):356-360
The antioxidant activity in 70% aqueous acetone extracts of the herb of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Asteraceae was evaluated with regards to total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activity has been assessed by two commonly used in vitro tests, based on determination of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay) and DPPH free radical scavenging ability (DPPH assay), against butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid and quercetin, which were used as positive control substances. The results of both antioxidant tests showed that the plant material expressed a considerable activity (DPPH IC50 = 27.6 μg/ml; FRAP value = 2.37 mmol Fe2+/g), attributed to both flavonoid aglyca and resembling glycosides, as verified by dot-blot TLC analysis. 相似文献
14.
M. T. Macarulla J. A. Martínez Y. Barcina J. Larralde 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(4):359-367
The relatively low nutritional value of protein from legume seeds has been attributed to the occurrence of some antinutritional factors and the poor content in sulphur aminoacids, which leads to undesirable physiological and biochemical alterations. However, the intimate nature of these processes remains unclear. In order to evaluate the influence of naturally occurring substances of legume constituents on nutrient utilization, the intestinal absorption of D-galactose in the presence of aqueous or alcoholic extracts, obtained fromPhaseolus vulgaris hulls, has been measured by use of thein vivo successive absorption technique.Aqueous extracts inhibited significantly (p<0.01) the uptake of D-galactose at different times of exposure, while no changes in sugar transport were observed with the alcoholic solutions. Polyamide treatment (a polyphenolic complexing agent) of the aqueous extracts decreased its ability to inhibit sugar uptake. Kinetic studies showed that the aqueous fractions modifyV
max values for D-galactose absorption and alsoK
T data. This inhibition appeared to be reversible after short periods of exposure, affecting mainly the active component of transport. Therefore, it can be suggested that some substances, contained in aqueous extracts ofPhaseolus vulgaris reduce sugar absorption. Furthermore, our studies seem to indicate that polyphenols are, at least partly, involved in this phenomenon. 相似文献
15.
Seaweed produces metabolites aiding in the protection against different environmental stresses. These compounds show antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Macroalgae can be cultured in high volumes and would represent an attractive source of potential compounds useful for unconventional drugs able to control new diseases or multiresistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The substances isolated from green, brown and red algae showing potent antimicrobial activity belong to polysaccharides, fatty acids, phlorotannins, pigments, lectins, alkaloids, terpenoids and halogenated compounds. This review presents the major compounds found in macroalga showing antimicrobial activities and their most promising applications. 相似文献
16.
D. S. Uppal 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(4):333-340
The tubers of 14 potato varieties were analysed for glycoalkaloids. The level of glycoalkaloids in tubers of all the varieties analysed are within the safe limits for human consumption. The peels of tuber contained about 60–70% of the total glycoalkaloids present in the whole tuber. The levels of glycoalkaloids in leaves and tubers were correlated (r=0.865). There was a significant increase in the content of glycoalkaloids in peels of tubers exposed to sunlight. Glycoalkaloid contents increased at the rate of 1.9mg/100g fresh weight per day in peels of Kufri Jyoti tubers exposed to diffused sunlight. 相似文献
17.
Functional Recombinants Designed from a Fetuin/Asialofetuin-Specific Marine Algal Lectin,Rhodobindin
Jong Won Han Min Gui Jung Eun Young Shim Jun Bo Shim Young Min Kim Gwang Hoon Kim 《Marine drugs》2015,13(4):2183-2195
Plant lectins have attracted much attention for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery system and therapy against tumors and microbial infections. The main problem of using lectins as a biomedical tool is a batch-to-batch variation in isoforms content. The production of lectins using recombination tools has the advantage of obtaining high amounts of proteins with more precise properties, but there are only a handful of functional recombinant lectins presently available. A fetuin/asialo-fetuin specific lectin, Rhodobindin, has unique tandem repeats structure which makes it useful in exploiting for recombinant lectin. We developed three functional recombinant lectins using E. coli expression system: one from full cDNA sequence and two from fragmentary sequences of Rhodobindin. Hemagglutinating activity and solubility of the recombinant lectins were highest at OD 0.7 cell concentration at 20 °C. The optimized process developed in this study was suitable for the quality-controlled production of high amounts of soluble recombinant lectins. 相似文献
18.
为了给小麦合理轮作倒茬提供参考依据,研究了高粱不同组织的水浸提液对小麦幼苗生长的化感作用.结果表明,高粱秆、穗、叶的水浸提液对小麦幼苗的苗高和根长均有极强的化感作用,浸提液在低浓度时促进小麦生长,高浓度抑制小麦生长,且对根的化感作用大于对地上部的化感作用.高浓度高粱浸提液降低了小麦的根系活力和叶片可溶性蛋白含量,提高了小麦叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量;小麦叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性均显著下降.综合来看,高粱不同组织水浸提液对小麦的化感作用表现为秆>穗>叶. 相似文献
19.
Improvement of the quality and shelf life of wheat bread by fermentation with the antifungal strain Lactobacillus plantarum FST 1.7 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F. Dal Bello C.I. Clarke L.A.M. Ryan H. Ulmer T.J. Schober K. Strm J. Sjgren D. van Sinderen J. Schnürer E.K. Arendt 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):309-318
Lactobacillus plantarum FST 1.7 was screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity and was shown to be active against spoilage moulds and bacteria. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from cell-free supernatant identified lactic acid, phenyllactic acid and the two cyclic dipeptides cyclo (l-Leu-l-Pro) and cyclo (l-Phe-l-Pro) as the major components responsible for this activity. L. plantarum FST 1.7 was tested for the ability to produce the antifungal compounds during sourdough fermentation and to produce bread of good quality and increased shelf-life. A rheofermentometer was used to examine the gaseous release and development characteristics of the dough. A range of parameters was determined including pH, TTA and specific loaf volume. The results were compared with those obtained using Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, a chemically acidified and a non-acidified dough. The quality of sourdough and bread produced using L. plantarum FST 1.7 was comparable to that obtained using common sourdough starters, e.g. L. sanfranciscensis. Sourdoughs and breads were evaluated for the ability to retard growth of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum two fungi found on breads. Sourdough and bread produced with strain FST 1.7 showed consistent ability to retard the growth of both Fusarium species, thus indicating that L. plantarum FST 1.7 has also the potential to improve the shelf-life of wheat bread. 相似文献
20.
İsmail Hamad Özlem Erol-Dayi Murat Pekmez Evren Önay-Uçar Nazlı Arda 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(1):44-49
The objectives of this study were to examine the free radical scavenging activity and the protective effects against macromolecular
oxidation as well as the cytotoxic activity of Aphanes arvensis aqueous and methanolic extracts. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH method. The methanolic extract showed
a scavenging activity nearly equivalent to Trolox and Vitamin C and has an IC50 value of 4.54 μg/mL. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by CUPRAC method. The antioxidant capacity of aqueous and
methanolic extract was 0.792 and 1.550 mmol TE/g DWE, respectively. The protective effect of A. arvensis extracts against lipid peroxidation was evaluated using a liposome oxidation system. The methanolic extract was more active
than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract possessed protective effect against protein oxidation in a dose dependent manner.
Both extracts showed inhibitory effect on DNA oxidation as measured by plasmid relaxation assay. Results presented here indicate
that A. arvensis possess strong antioxidant activity and protective effects with very little cytotoxic effect, and they can therefore be used
as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献